Paradigm Of Theory Research Articles

"The Forgotten Minority": Perpetuation of Ableism in Medical Education.

Accounting for approximately 1 in 4 community-dwelling adults in the United States (US), people with disabilities (PWD) experience significant disparities in health care quality, access, and outcomes. At the same time, US physicians have reported feeling unprepared to care for PWD and have revealed significant negative bias about this population. To understand how physicians are trained to care for PWD in US medical schools. Qualitative, critical theory paradigm. US medical school faculty (n = 8) and students (n = 9) were purposively sampled for knowledge of disability-related training based on known engagement in activities to advance disability-related medical education. Inclusion was limited to English language proficiency. n/a. Data were collected through focus groups, hosted virtually with separate groups for faculty and medical students between September 2021 and February 2022. Each meeting was recorded, transcribed, and de-identified. Deductive and inductive coding schemes were applied by multiple coders until reaching thematic saturation. Prominent themes revealed critical shortfalls in medical education, including (1) disability being omitted from standard curricula; (2) disability being framed as a problem within individuals; (3) pervasive discrimination against PWD in medicine; and (4) over-reliance on ad hoc faculty and student-led efforts to cultivate curricular change. Data also revealed multifactorial barriers to including disability training as part of US medical education, such as avoidance of personal and institutional responsibility, and permeations of ableism across social and training contexts. Medical education may perpetuate negative bias about disability through a hidden curriculum. Insufficient support from institutional and licensing authorities has stymied efforts to expand and improve disability-related training such that disability is not included in existing curricula focused on mitigating health care disparities - despite known vulnerabilities for PWD. Without improvements to disability-related curricular content, physicians will remain ill-equipped to care for the nation's largest minority group.

Visual Constructs of Conflict and Solidarity: The Role of Visual Framing on Public Perceptions and Engagement Intentions with Social Protests

This study investigates the role of visual framing in shaping public perceptions of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests through an online experiment, informed by news value and protest paradigm theory. It specifically examines the effects of conflict versus solidarity visual frames on audience reactions when paired with textual framing of protest goals. Results indicate that solidarity visuals significantly decrease negative perceptions about protesters compared to conflict visuals, increase positive affect, and boost engagement intentions. Furthermore, the interaction between visual and textual framing demonstrates that “defund” and “reform” messages paired with solidarity visuals effectively reduce negative perceptions. These findings underscore the impact of visual elements in news coverage, highlighting the need for ethical considerations in visual journalism and suggesting that such framing can significantly influence audience attitudes and engagement with social issues.

Exploring drivers of customer engagement with voice interface in E-retail

PurposeE-retailers face challenges in adding, engaging and retaining customers. Voice interface is a new and more inclusive modality that provides customers with a hands-free, convenient e-shopping option and is relevant for e-retailers. However, the voice interface is significantly different from the text interface that consumers are accustomed to. This study investigates customer experiences with voice interface for search and selection of products on e-commerce platforms and its subsequent impact on customer engagement and enhanced usage.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted 34 in-depth interviews with executive management students. For analysis and findings, we used a grounded theory paradigm and thematic analysis.FindingsBased on in-depth probing and analysis consumers' experiences with voice interfaces in e-commerce platforms, we identified two enablers: customer satisfaction and awe-experience that positively impacted and two inhibitors: risk perceptions and inertia that negatively impacted customer engagement and enhanced usage of voice interface.Originality/valueVoice interface is transforming the customer journey in the online shopping domain. How customers experience voice interfaces when searching and selecting products on e-commerce platforms impacts their engagement with the platform and their intentions to use voice modality to interact with the e-retailer in the future. The findings substantiate tenets of dual-process theory and found that enabling and inhibiting factors are independent and can coexist. The study identifies the most salient factors that positively and negatively affect customer engagement and enhanced usage of voice interfaces.

Moral injury: State of the Science.

In this paper, I provide a concise overview of the state of the scientific study of moral injury (MI). I argue that the state of science is immature, characterized by the lack of a paradigmatic theory and a lack of rigor in terms of construct definition and measurement. Because researchers, clinicians, and the media reify the results of empirical and clinical outcome studies that are chiefly exploratory and fraught with internal validity problems, enthusiasm about MI continues to far outweigh scientific and actionable, practice-based knowledge. I posit that the field needs to have epistemic humility about MI, focus on building a paradigmatic model to generate and test hypotheses that will ultimately create knowledge about the causes and consequences of MI, and employ evidence-based assessment and intervention approaches to mitigate and treat the problem. To facilitate research in this area, I summarize the social-functional theory of moral behavior and a new theory of MI based on it. I also make recommendations for future research to advance the field into a normal science, which requires hypothesis-driven research and valid measurement.

Time Dilation in Motivational Congruence Theory's Paradigm.

Time dilation is an important issue in the field of physics. Introduced by the special relativity theory, it means that the time duration spent by an entity to reach a certain destination depends on the movement and speed of the entity. Time dilation has been widely addressed in other disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, and motivation. However, it has produced practical and theoretical controversies in the literature. The new version of relativity theory resolves these issues by extending time dilation to conceptual and mental factors and taking a process-based approach to the development of universe. The purpose of this paper is to discuss time dilation in different scientific arenas and explicate it in motivation from the perspective of motivational congruence theory (MCT). The theory provides a new explanation for the underlying mechanisms of time dilation as a mental phenomenon in motivation. According to MCT, a congruence between the context and extrinsic and intrinsic motivations escalates overall motivation. This, in turn, results in high levels of effort and engagement towards the task and leads to mental time dilation. That is, the individual becomes so engaged with the task that their subjective estimation of time duration becomes shorter, compared to an objective measurement of the elapsed time. The study provides hypotheses for further empirical research. MCT's view to time dilation aligns with advances in the fields of physics and philosophy. It contributes to the literature by presenting a new explanation for mental time dilation and elaborating the motivational mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon.

Meta-Paradigms: Essential Characteristics

This work is devoted to a conceptual understanding of trends in the development of scientific knowledge. It continues the research presented in previous issues of the journal Philosophical Thought. The study focuses on the essential characteristics of the systemic-structural and bioessential-deterministic meta-paradigms. This article aims to summarize the results of previous studies and provide a brief overview of scientific works on similar topics. For this purpose, the origins of meta-paradigms are examined from various angles. The generalized results of previous studies are presented. The conclusions reached by various scientists are described: Yu. V. Latov; S. R. Bekulova; E. Baskell; G. S. Levit, U. Hossfeld and A. A. Lvov; M. Boon and S. Van Baalen; T. V. Chernigovskaya. The theory of sign and paradigm in linguistics are compared: systemic-structural and anthropocentric. This made it possible to identify meta-paradigms. New terms have been introduced: bioessential-deterministic meta-paradigm, system-structural meta-paradigm, bioessentialism, bioessential determinism. The conclusion is that the systemic-structural meta-paradigm is understood as a conceptually generalized set of formally oriented ideas. In contrast, the bioessential-deterministic meta-paradigm is understood as a conceptually generalized set of essence-oriented ideas. Systemic-structural and bioessential-deterministic meta-paradigms are binary oppositions, form, and content, asymptotically guiding the development of scientific knowledge. M. Polanyi's concept of personal knowledge manifests bioessential determinism. The representation of meta-paradigms in T. S. Kuhn's theory is shown. The works of other scientists on a similar topic are analyzed. The conclusion is drawn that various scientists express the ideas of the meta-paradigm in various scientific disciplines. This indicates that a critical point of reflection has been reached.

Preface: Physics and Reality 2024

These are the proceedings of Physics and Reality 2024, International Conference on Philosophy of Physics, held at University of Helsinki, Finland, 4-6 June 2024. The conference was organised by the research project Appearance and Reality in Physics and Beyond that started in June 2023. The project is located in the Department of Philosophy, History and Art Studies, University of Helsinki. The conference explored central themes in philosophy of physics, including interpretations of quantum theory, geometric vs. dynamic approaches to relativistic phenomena, the project of unifying quantum theory and general relativity, and extending quantum theory to new domains. The conference provided a platform for representing well-informed novel ideas, which are needed as the theoretical foundations of physics are not ready. Moreover, it is to be noted that the greatest 20th century philosophers of science —Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend— reminded us that rival theories are needed to fully understand the weaknesses of a paradigmatic theory. Altogether 18 articles are included in the proceedings. Their authors and titles are listed on the following page. The members of the organizing and program committees and the peer reviewers are listed on the third page. List of Cosmology and Relativistic Phenomena, Quantum Perspectives, Scientific Metaphysics, and Free Will, Organizing committee, Program committee and Peer reviewers are available in this pdf.

The "Five Forces Model" and strategies for enhancing the influence of scientific journals

Background: Based on relevant theory of science of science, we aimed to construct a model for evaluating the influence of science journals and thereby propose strategies to enhance their impact. Methods: By using methods such as a literature review, in-depth interviews, and a concept analysis, we considered various aspects related to science journals, including knowledge production, flow, and dissemination, and developed what we call the "Five Forces Model, " along with countermeasures and suggestions. Results: We identified knowledge power, persuasiveness, management power, expressiveness, and dissemination power as the five aspects that determine the influence of science journals. The Five Forces Model was built using these five aspects. Conclusion: Influence development and enhancement are integrated processes among science journals. Theories on knowledge activities need to be utilized effectively to improve a journal's knowledge power. Paradigm theories need to be understood to increase a journal's persuasive ability. The Matthew effect within the scientific community should be given attention to strengthen managerial capacity. Further, the advantages of structural holes should be leveraged for a journal to showcase its expressive capability. Fully recognizing the functions of science journals can help reinforce their dissemination capabilities.

Концептуальные подходы, методические и экономические инструменты оценки функционирования и развития рынка услуг городского туризма

In the modern world, tourism, as an industry of interconnected sectors, influences the development of specific sectors of the economy and performs social and cultural functions. The article presents the author’s position, based on summaries of existing approaches and considering the paradigms of urbanization theory, that urban spaces today serve as a unifying sphere for various types of tourism, which are viewed as structural components of urban tourism. Based on the research fi ndings, the author provides a unique interpretation of the concepts ‘urban tourism’ and ‘urban tourism services market’, characterizing the urban tourism services market of Novosibirsk by highlighting various types of tourism resources – cultural-historical, architectural, infrastructural, etc.; the necessity for theoretical exploration of specific aspects of the urban tourism services market is argued. In particular, the possibility and necessity of implementing a conceptual economic model for assessing the current state and forecasting the development of the urban tourism services market based on the identification of basic factors of its functioning – demand potential and supply potential – are justified. The role of investment policy in the development of the urban tourism services market and the possibility of using cluster tools to activate demand and stimulate the sale of urban tourism services in the metropolis are outlined.

Thinking with ideas from affect theory: imagining otherwise in our literacy classrooms

PurposeThe purpose of this conceptual paper is to challenge the introduction and implementation of policy mandates that threaten to reduce democratic, creative and responsive literacy pedagogies and practices in the early years. It draws on affect theory as a means to expand theorisations of literacy teaching and learning with approaches that privilege children’s knowledge as being central to the meaning making process.Design/methodology/approachThinking with ideas from the conceptual paradigm of affect theory, I consider ways in which teachers can expand their repertoire of theories and literacy pedagogies in order to understand the diverse needs of children in contemporary classrooms.FindingsEmphasising the importance of expanding how we imagine our daily pedagogies I thread reflective prompts throughout the discussion to engage the reader to consider how ideas might live in daily literacy classroom practice.Originality/valueThis paper shares insights from contemporary research in affect theory to disrupt the hegemony of early literacy practices. It speaks back to the dominance of reductive models of program approaches and expands views of what counts in early literacy teaching. It considers how we can become more closely attuned to the affective relations in classroom life.

Healing mechanism of rural tourism on urban employee unhappiness: a logotherapy theory perspective

This study evaluated the healing benefits of different holiday experiences on employee unhappiness. It developed a model of “Destination Experience–Psychological Recovery–Work Performance” based on liminality and logotherapy theories, which explain how tourism heals employee unhappiness. The researcher employed a weekly diary methodology to collect data from 596 participants, and then utilised partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) methods and multi-group analysis to test the theoretical model. The results indicated that tourism (vs home) and rural (vs urban) tourism destination experiences significantly healed urban employees’ unhappiness. Additionally, this study found that the healing effect of rural tourism destination experiences on urban employee unhappiness was mediated by mastery experiences and moderated by tour duration. To provide a deeper understanding of the hypotheses, semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore urban employees’ rural tourism healing experiences and strategies. This study enhances our understanding of how tourism reduces employee unhappiness and contributes to the literature on the spillover effects of tourism on work. Finally, it presents a significant new paradigm for tourism healing theories and practices for future research.

A Study on the English Translation of Pipa Song from the Perspective of Transknowletology

The construction of knowledge-based translation combines "theory knowledge" and "translaology", creating a new paradigm of translation theory in China. From the perspective of transknowletology, knowledge is the foundation of translation activity and the essence of translation, and translation is to translate the "knowledge" contained in the original language. Therefore, translation involves the problem of knowledge shift. As a representative of ancient Chinese poetry, Pipa Song is highly accomplished in the realms of both literature and artistry. Professor Xu Yuanchong’s translations of imagery, meter, rhetoric, and cultural knowledge in "Pipa Song" hold significant reference value and offer profound guidance. Taking the English version of Pipa Song as an example, this paper analyzes the knowledge turn in Chinese poetry translation from the perspective of transknowletology, so as to deeply understand the importance and value of transknowletology in poetry translation. It provides new ideas and methods for improving the quality and level of poetry translation, so as to spread Chinese culture better.

Getting started with the graded response model: An introduction and tutorial in R.

This tutorial introduces the graded response model (GRM), a tool for testing measurement precision within the item response theory (IRT) paradigm, which is useful for informing researchers about the item and person properties of their measurement. The tutorial aims to guide applied researchers through a unidimensional GRM analysis in the R environment, using the psych, mirt and ggmirt packages. GRM is specifically designed to examine the psychometric properties of psychological scales with polytomous (Likert-style) items. The tutorial illustrates the procedure using data from the Open Psychometrics Database on the right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) scale, outlining the theoretical underpinnings of GRM and steps for data preparation, testing model assumptions, model fitting, plotting item parameters and interpretation of results.

Framework for adoption of generative AI for information search of retail products and services

PurposeGenerative artificial intelligence (GAI) can disrupt how consumers search for information on retail products/services online by reducing information overload. However, the risk associated with GAI is high, and its widespread adoption for product/service information search purposes is uncertain. This study examined psychological drivers that impact consumer adoption of GAI platforms for retail information search.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted 31 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the lead GAI users regarding product/service information search. The data were analysed using a grounded theory paradigm and thematic analysis.FindingsResults show that consumers experience uncertainty about GAI’s functioning. Their trust in GAI impacts the adoption and usage of this technology for information search. GAI provides unique settings to investigate potential additional factors, leveraging UTAUT as a theoretical basis. This study identified three overarching themes – technology characteristics, technology readiness and information characteristics – as possible drivers of adoption.Originality/valueConsumers seek exhaustive and reliable information for purchase decisions. Due to the abundance of online information, they experience information overload. GAI platforms reduce information overload by providing synthesized and customized product/service search results. However, its reliability, trustworthiness and accuracy have been questioned. The functioning of GAI is opaque; the popular technology adoption model such as UTAUT is general and is unlikely to explain in totality the adoption and usage of GAI. Hence, this research provides the adoption drivers for this unique technology context. It identifies the determinants/antecedents of relevant UTAUT variables and develops an integrated conceptual model explaining GAI adoption for retail information search.

Minga as a placemaking tool in peripheral neighbourhoods. Co-design experience in Calderon, Quito*

ABSTRACT This article explores the role of local vernacular socio-spatial practices in co-design and placemaking in Calderon, a peripheral urban parish in Quito, Ecuador. Using a case-study method and transformative paradigm theory, the research employs a mixed-methods approach for data collection and analysis. The focus is on ‘Minga’, a collaborative community effort manifested in two forms: ‘community mingas’ organised autonomously by communities, and ‘megamingas’ coordinated by public institutions. Community mingas enhance residents’ sense of belonging and pride, empowering them in shaping public spaces through a bottom-up approach. In contrast, megamingas exhibit top-down organisation with limited community engagement, raising concerns about social impacts. The study underscores mingas’ potential for social cohesion, cultural expression, and sustainable development in urban design. It emphasises the nuanced understanding needed for fostering active participation and addresses challenges such as sustaining community ownership. Despite yielding immediate benefits in public space enhancement, sustaining long-term engagement is crucial. The study concludes that mingas offer a valuable avenue for residents to actively contribute to public space improvement, fostering shared responsibility and long-term sustainable development in low-income neighbourhoods.

Нужна ли современным теориям экономики методологическая культура политико-экономического исследования?

In conditions when the main meaningful meaning of the choice of the Russian way forward is formed, the problem of the formation of economic theory, adequate to the modern stage of development of national and world economies, whose economic systems are in a state of deep transformation, is actualized more than ever. Economic science in the “new reality” is faced with such phenomena as the socialization of the economic life of modern society, the economization and financialization of politics and the politicization of the economy in the context of the globalization process, again highlighting the question of the place and directions of the development of political economy in economic science. Therefore, there is a serious question about the paradigm of modern economic theory, which would absorb the reflection of these new processes. For this reason, this material is a kind of attempt to integrate into the ongoing discussion about the place and development of political economy, about expanding the subject of economic theory [1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8], offering an author’s methodological perspective on the principal issues of discussion. Participation in the discussion is also important from the point of view of the position of research teachers leading disciplines included in one capacity or another in economic theory. And this means - developing the criterion-value socio-economic worldview of future specialists, their methodological culture of research.

The Integral Theory, Pelvic Floor Biomechanics, and Binary Innervation.

The pelvic floor biomechanics and sphincter functioning are essential for understanding pelvic floor dysfunction and the pathophysiology of the pelvic organs. The pelvic floor consists of muscles, fascial connections and ligaments. The Integral Theory Paradigm (ITP) explains the musculoskeletal entity of the sphincter mechanism and the pathophysiology of pelvic organ function. The ITP explains the pelvic floor function determined by 3 directional muscle forces: forward, backwards and downward-acting muscle vector forces that form an anterior and posterior resultant. The resultant equilibrium is essential for urinary continence, voiding and defecation. Loose ligaments disturb the equilibrium of the pelvic floor's muscular function with consequences for the organ function's continence, evacuation, and sensory perception.

Performance evaluation of industry-education integration in higher education from the perspective of coupling coordination-an empirical study based on Chongqing.

The coupling coordination between higher education and regional industries is an effective way to enhance the performance of industry-education integration and an important driving force for promoting sustainable economic and social development. This article aims to evaluate the performance level of industry-education integration in higher education from the perspective of coupling coordination between industry and education, and to analyze its sustainable development trends. To achieve this, a framework for the industry-education complex system is constructed based on the theory of coupling coordination, and a performance evaluation model for industry-education integration is established. The "structure-conduct-performance" (S-C-P) analysis paradigm of industrial organization theory is used to design a performance evaluation indicator system, and the entropy weight method is applied to assign weights to the indicator system. Empirical research is conducted on Chongqing based on statistical data from 2000 to 2022. The results show that: (1) During the sample period, the construction effectiveness of industry-education integration in higher education in Chongqing is relatively significant, and the coordination level between regional industries and higher education continues to rise. (2) The orderly development level of the two subsystems of regional industries and higher education alternately rises, jointly promoting the continuous improvement of the performance level of industry-education integration, which is the main driving factor for performance improvement. (3) The stagnation of the coupling strength between regional industries and higher education is a key obstacle to further improving the performance of industry-education integration. Industry-education integration is a systematic project that should be promoted collaboratively from the perspectives of the regional industrial subsystem, higher education subsystem, industry-education complex system, and external environment to continuously enhance the performance level.

Gaps in communication theory paradigms when conducting implementation science research: qualitative observations from interviews with administrators, implementors, and evaluators of rural health programs

BackgroundCommunication is considered an inherent element of nearly every implementation strategy. Often it is seen as a means for imparting new information between stakeholders, representing a Transaction orientation to communication. From a Process orientation, communication is more than information-exchange and is acknowledged as being shaped by (and shaping) the individuals involved and their relationships with one another. As the field of Implementation Science (IS) works to strengthen theoretical integration, we encourage an interdisciplinary approach that engages communication theory to develop richer understanding of strategies and determinants of practice.MethodsWe interviewed 28 evaluators, 12 implementors, and 12 administrators from 21 Enterprise-Wide Initiatives funded by the Department of Veteran Affairs Office of Rural Health. Semi-structured interviews focused on experiences with implementation and evaluation strategies. We analyzed the interviews using thematic analysis identifying a range of IS constructs. Then we deductively classified those segments based on a Transaction or Process orientation to communication.ResultsWe organized findings using the two IS constructs most commonly discussed in interviews: Collaboration and Leadership Buy-in. The majority of segments coded as Collaboration (n = 34, 74%) and Leadership Buy-in (n = 31, 70%) discussed communication from a Transaction orientation and referred to communication as synonymous with information exchange, which emphasizes the task over the relationships between the individuals performing the tasks. Conversely, when participants discussed Collaboration and Leadership Buy-in from a Process orientation, they acknowledged both constructs as the result of long-term efforts to develop positive relationships based on trust and respect, and emphasized the time costliness of such strategies. Our findings demonstrate that participants who discussed communication from a Process orientation recognized the nuance and complexity of interpersonal interactions, particularly in the context of IS.ConclusionsEfficient, reliable information exchange is a critical but often overemphasized element of implementation. Practitioners and researchers must recognize and incorporate the larger role of communication in IS. Two suggestions for engaging a Process orientation to communication are to: (a) use interview probes to learn how communication is enacted, and (b) use process-oriented communication theories to develop interventions and evaluation tools.

Ecological consciousness, moral self-identity and green conspicuous behavior: Moderating role of religiosity

Ecological consciousness, moral self-identity and green conspicuous behavior: Moderating role of religiosity