Technological Paradigm Research Articles

Public engagement as rhetoric, persuasion as practice

More than two decades ago the Public Engagement with Science and Technology (PEST) paradigm gained influence in the field of science communication, marked by the publication of the third report of the House of Lords Select Committee on Science and Technology in the year 2000. The approach advocated in the report went beyond the traditional Public Understanding of Science (PUS) paradigm that had focused on sharing scientific knowledge with broader publics via top-down dissemination. It assigned citizens a more active and powerful role vis a vis science, emphasized the need for participatory discourses aiming at a shared understanding with non-scientific publics, and acknowledged both citizens' democratic rights regarding science-related decisions and their potential constructive contributions in the creation of socially relevant knowledge.

Gesture Controlled Virtual Mouse

Abstract: As a result of the pandemic, a technological paradigm shift has happened. One such field of research is the development and usage of a virtual mouse in place of a real one. Despite the fact that a remote mouse or Bluetooth mouse is popular nowadays, it requires various factors such as cost and power. There would be no such cutoff points in the proposed system, assuming signal acknowledgement. The primary breakthroughs used in this review are object recognizable proof and image management. Thus, this study proposes a cutting-edge method for dealing with mouse developments employing an ongoing camera with the help of the hand. It does not necessitate the use of any electrical device. It will use various hand gestures to direct activities such as left click and hauling. For the product's execution, Python and OpenCV will be used. As a result, the proposed mouse framework eliminates the need for a device

POST-DISCIPLINE COMMUNICATION ON THE STRAIGHT WAY

The development of communication studies is currently driven by the information technology paradigm, making the discipline of communication a very sexy study, leaving other disciplines behind. Old communication studies traditions such as media effects, framing studies, agenda- setting, as well as various media impact studies, public relations, broadcasting, journalism and the like are grouped as traditional communication studies. Meanwhile, the development of the world of communication driven by social media and internet-based technology has made the world of communication very sexy and has attracted the attention of various disciplines by starting to connect disciplines outside of communication with communication disciplines, so that communication is referred to as post-communication. discipline. This study examines thinking by classifying the development of thinking in traditional communication disciplines and post- discipline communication. Collecting data using interviews and conducting library research. The conclusion of this study is that the communication discipline in today's world is distinguished between traditional and post-discipline disciplines. In developed countries, these two disciplines become an equally important conversation, while in new developing countries, communication of traditional disciplines becomes dominant. In Indonesia, communication stakeholders must maintain these two communication disciplines, this is what is meant by straight way communication.

A TinyML Deep Learning Approach for Indoor Tracking of Assets.

Positioning systems have gained paramount importance for many different productive sector; however, traditional systems such as Global Positioning System (GPS) have failed to offer accurate and scalable solutions for indoor positioning requirements. Nowadays, alternative solutions such as fingerprinting allow the recognition of the characteristic signature of a location based on RF signal acquisition. In this work, a machine learning (ML) approach has been considered in order to classify the RSSI information acquired by multiple scanning stations from TAG broadcasting messages. TinyML has been considered for this project, as it is a rapidly growing technological paradigm that aims to assist the design and implementation of ML mechanisms in resource-constrained embedded devices. Hence, this paper presents the design, implementation, and deployment of embedded devices capable of communicating and sending information to a central system that determines the location of objects in a defined environment. A neural network (deep learning) is trained and deployed on the edge, allowing the multiple external error factors that affect the accuracy of traditional position estimation algorithms to be considered. Edge Impulse is selected as the main platform for data standardization, pre-processing, model training, evaluation, and deployment. The final deployed system is capable of classifying real data from the installed TAGs, achieving a classification accuracy of 88%, which can be increased to 94% when a post-processing stage is implemented.

YENI BIR ÜRETIM TARZI OLARAK SIBER KAPITALIZMIN BIR DEĞERLENDIRMESI

This study investigates the theme that Cyber capitalism has an accelerating effect on the genetic relationship between capitalism and crisis and its possible impacts on developing economies at the intersection of innovative technology, digital culture, and neoliberal paradigms. Due to cutting-edge digital transformations, IoT electronic devices, the internet, mobile phones, etc., can always be kept in an accessible, visual, and controllable medium altogether to consumers, employees, and people. On the other hand, cyber-capitalism substitutes the market's priorities for society's priorities, trust, accuracy, stability, etc., that keep the community together and hold religious and moral values. As a result, being open to continuous change, inability to adapt to new situations, insecurity, and anxiety negatively affect established moral values and principles. It is argued that cyber-capitalism, with its premises of industry 4.0 on the one hand, replaces new production relation networks in flexible production environments with technological possibilities of artificial intelligence (AI) and mixed virtual reality (VR).

Which actors drove national patterns of technological specialization into the science-based age? The British experience, 1918–1932

AbstractThis article assesses the contributions of industry leaders, smaller corporations, and independent inventors to the international technological specialization of Great Britain in the interwar years. For the first time, we compare directly the contribution of these sources and combine the Chandlerian and “sources of invention” perspectives. The analysis is based on a novel dataset of more than 8,000 patents granted in the USA to British inventions. Our findings show the extent to which Britain integrated inventions generated by independent inventors with those of corporate inventors, i.e., industry leaders and smaller corporations, in both engineering- and science-based fields. This research highlights specificities of a former leader’s transition from the technological paradigm of the first phase of capitalism to that of the second phase.

A 4D-Printed Self-Folding Spatial Mechanism with Pre-Stressed Response Properties

Exploring the transformation of spatial mechanisms from their unfolded to controlled folding states to meet the requirements of various application scenarios has long been a hot topic in mechanical structure research. Although conventional spatial mechanisms can be designed to meet almost any application scenario, the design’s complex and excessive combinations of structural components, kinematic pairs, and drive units are unavoidable. It introduces many problems, such as poor reliability, drive complexity, and control difficulties. Based on 4D printing technology, the design of self-folding spatial mechanisms that use pre-stressed response properties under predetermined thermal excitation to achieve different shrinkage ratios integrates the control and drive system and the structural components and kinematic pairs. It brings novel features of self-folding while effectively avoiding many problems associated with conventional mechanical design. Further, the pre-stressed response model introduces the self-folding spatial mechanisms’ excitation, morphing, and driving investigation. Self-folding spatial mechanisms with different shrinkage ratios were prepared via fused deposition modeling, which verified the theoretical analysis and pre-stress response model and the design’s correctness and feasibility by experiments. The existing 4D printing technology lacks a paradigmatic design method in the application field. Contrarily, this work organically combined the conventional mechanical structure design with materials and fabrication via fused deposition modeling. A systematic study of self-folding spatial mechanisms from structural design to morphing control was carried out. This design is expected to introduce a novel paradigm of 4D printing technology in conventional mechanical design and has considerable application prospects in spherical radar calibration mechanisms.

Stable Cycling of Sodium Metal Anodes Enabled by a Sodium/Silica‐Gel Host

AbstractSodium metal batteries (SMBs) are innovative and promising energy storage systems. SMBs are a competitive technological paradigm compared to the state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries thanks to the high specific capacity of sodium metal, i. e., 1166 mAh g−1, and the Na+/Na0 low redox potential of −2.71 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode. Unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI), uncontrolled overpotentials and dendrite growth of sodium are the main drawbacks that hinder the development of SMBs. Herein, we propose a functionalized silica gel material with extended porosity (NaSGII) as an active host material in order to obtain stable cycling of sodium metal anodes. NaSGII was incorporated in composite electrodes using a conductive carbon additive and polymeric binders and the functional properties in SMBs cells demonstrated by galvanostatic tests. A Butler‐Volmer analysis demonstrated an improvement of electrokinetic parameters induced by NaSGII.

A critical approach to Machine Learning forecast capabilities: creating a predictive biography in the age of the Internet of Behaviour (IoB)

Based on the notion of the Datacene, understood as the time when data directly affects the social, cultural, economic, political, and even affective structures of the present, in this article we propose how Big Data and Artificial Intelligence give rise to the Internet of Behaviour: a new technological paradigm that has incredible potential to forecast and induce human behaviour. Since ancient times, humans have wanted to predict and alter the future, but in the last ten years, this wish has begun to become a reality due to great advances in the field of social engineering, raising serious doubts regarding social control and the loss of freedom. In this context of analysis, we present two projects developed within the framework of Art, Science, Technology and Society. Data Biography shows the enormous number of digital traces that we generate daily and uses them to compose a person’s biography, composed of 365 printed books. Machine Biography, for its part, investigates how current artificial intelligence techniques can predict and induce future human behaviour, for which we have used various forecast and generative models trained with data from our own digital activity, in order to generate another set of books with our foreseeable activity for the year 2050. Both projects invite us to consider from a critical perspective the present and future of the social transformations produced by Big Data and AI.

MicroRNAs in Ruminants and Their Potential Role in Nutrition and Physiology.

The knowledge of how diet choices, dietary supplements, and feed intake influence molecular mechanisms in ruminant nutrition and physiology to maintain ruminant health, is essential to attain. In the present review, we focus on the role of microRNAs in ruminant health and disease; additionally, we discuss the potential of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of disease in ruminants and the state of technology for their detection, also considering the major difficulties in the transition of biomarker development from bench to clinical practice. MicroRNAs are an inexhaustible class of endogenous non-protein coding small RNAs of 18 to 25 nucleotides that target either the 3' untranslated (UTR) or coding region of genes, ensuring a tight post-transcriptionally controlled regulation of gene expression. The development of new "omics" technologies facilitated a fresh perspective on the nutrition-to-gene relationship, incorporating more extensive data from molecular genetics, animal nutrition, and veterinary sciences. MicroRNAs might serve as important regulators of metabolic processes and may present the inter-phase between nutrition and gene regulation, controlled by the diet. The development of biomarkers holds the potential to revolutionize veterinary practice through faster disease detection, more accurate ruminant health monitoring, enhanced welfare, and increased productivity. Finally, we summarize the latest findings on how microRNAs function as biomarkers, how technological paradigms are reshaping this field of research, and how platforms are being used to identify novel biomarkers. Numerous studies have demonstrated a connection between circulating microRNAs and ruminant diseases such as mastitis, tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease, fasciolosis, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the identification and analysis of a small number of microRNAs can provide crucial information about the stage of a disease, etiology, and prognosis.

Sex and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism matter for exercise-induced increase in neurogenesis and cognition in middle-aged mice

Females show greater benefits of exercise on cognition in both humans and rodents, which may be related to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the Val66Met polymorphism, within the human BDNF gene, causes impaired activity-dependent secretion of neuronal BDNF and impairments to some forms of memory. We evaluated whether sex and BDNF genotype (Val66Met polymorphism (Met/Met) versus wild-type (Val/Val)) influenced the ability of voluntary running to enhance cognition and hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. Middle-aged C57BL/6J (13 months) mice were randomly assigned to either a control or an aerobic training (AT) group (running disk access). Mice were trained on the visual discrimination and reversal paradigm in a touchscreen-based technology to evaluate cognitive flexibility. BDNF Met/Met mice had fewer correct responses compared to BDNF Val/Val mice on both cognitive tasks. Female BDNF Val/Val mice showed greater cognitive flexibility compared to male mice regardless of AT. Despite running less than BDNF Val/Val mice, AT improved performance in both cognitive tasks in BDNF Met/Met mice. AT increased neurogenesis in the ventral hippocampus of BDNF Val/Val mice of both sexes and increased the proportion of mature type 3 doublecortin-expressing cells in the dorsal hippocampus of female mice only. Our results indicate AT improved cognitive performance in BDNF Met/Met mice and increased hippocampal neurogenesis in BDNF Val/Val mice in middle age. Furthermore, middle-aged female mice may benefit more from AT than males in terms of neuroplasticity, an effect that was influenced by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism.

Industrial productivity dilemma in management and economics: Retrospect and prospect

AbstractIndustrial productivity dilemma refers to a situation in which modifying and refining existing technologies helps maximize an industry's productivity but constrains productivity from leaping forward. As substantial research exists on this topic in both management and economics, we seek to clarify the concept and its utility. We synthesize relevant studies in various disciplines by reviewing 731 pieces of literature. We summarize various mechanisms that explain why, as the industry develops, the proportion of disruptive innovation declines and the ratio of productivity research and development increases. Our results suggest that industrial productivity dilemma occurs because under a given technological paradigm, there are economic and natural limits to technological development. Only through disruptive innovation can industries improve their long‐term adaptability to the environment and promote industrial upgrading or forming new industries. Although with modern technology developments, industrial productivity dilemma may be resolved, because some giant firms can balance the exploration–exploitation conflict well; moreover, structural problems occur as productivity is unbalanced among firms. The productivity dilemma (and its by‐product, the structural problem) will always exist. We develop a conceptual framework based on the environment, industry, firm, and policy dimensions to guide future research.

The construction of legitimacy: a critical discourse analysis of the rhetoric of educational technology in post-pandemic higher education

ABSTRACT Whilst technology may have been the ‘saviour’ of HE from the immediate challenges of the pandemic, the opportunistic dialogue emerging in response is imbued with notions of the pandemic as a catalyst for change. Empowered by the apparent success of technology’s deliverance, the door has been opened to unprecedented investment into a pervasive and data-driven paradigm of technology. Utilising a Critical Discourse Analysis of sector-orientated literature published in response to the pandemic, this paper examines the emergent rhetoric of technology and problematises taken for granted assumptions concerning its adoption in the imagined future of HE. This paper argues that such rhetoric is mediatory of neoliberal and consumerist ideologies, and that the portrayal of technology as a wholly beneficial enterprise obscures other issues and inequalities. By positioning educational technology in a uniquely political light, this paper offers a critical lens through which to view this new era of technological pervasion.

A review of concrete 3D printed structural members

Concrete 3D Printing (3DP) is a potential technology for increasing automation and introducing digital fabrication in the construction industry. Concrete 3D Printing provides a significant advantage over conventional or precast methods, such as the prospects of topologically optimized designs and integrating functional components within the structural volume of the building components. Many previous studies have compiled state-of-art studies in design parameters, mix properties, robotic technologies, and reinforcement strategies in 3D printed elements. However, there is no literature review on using concrete 3D Printing technology to fabricate structural load-carrying elements and systems. As concrete 3DP is shifting towards a large-scale construction technology paradigm, it is essential to understand the current studies on structural members and focus on future studies to improve further. A systematic literature review process is adopted in this study, where relevant publications are searched and analyzed to answer a set of well-defined research questions. The review is structured by categorizing the publications based on issues/problems associated with structural members and the recent technology solutions developed. It gives an overall view of the studies, which is still in its nascent stage, and the areas which require future focus on 3D printing technology in large-scale construction projects.

Genesis and evolution of scientific and pedagogical knowledge

From the position of axiological and systemic approaches the paper attempted to reflect the phenomenon of scientific and pedagogical knowledge, which genesis, evolution and formation was carried out in the process of historical development of society, bifurcational socio-cultural changes, and intensive deployment of knowledge in technological paradigms. The consideration of the essence and stages of the formation of knowledge, the main trends in its production and formation through the prism of changing, expanding and improving the terminological apparatus reflects the meanings in the philosophical ego-text of scientists, the development of emerging educational practices, new didactic samples. The authors conducted a typological analysis of the concept of “knowledge”, which makes it possible to state its indisputable philosophical significance, unconditional semantic content, undoubted phylogenetic essence, in accordance with which the paper appeals to cultural and historical paradigms; to education as the most important means of teaching and educating the subject; to the architectonics of the experience of becoming a subject in education by building knowledge potential and developing a thesaurus in a historical aspect, which contributed to the expansion of the sacred landscape of the individual by unfolding his practice of social design. Through the study of analytical differentiation and the identification of the orientation vector of scientific and pedagogical knowledge in the historical aspect, in the modeling of the cognitive picture of knowledge, the paper considers the development of the knowledge paradigm in technological paradigms through the problematic field of their main resource, basic factors, fundamental achievements and sources of narratives, which contributes to the establishment of the social nature of knowledge through the discovery of its main types, character, generation paths, markers of maturity.

THE ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST IN THE REGULATION OF WORK ATTITUDES AND LABOR BEHAVIOR OF INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES

The discussion about the social base of modernization processes in Russia raises topical issues concerning the adequacy of sociocultural characteristics of modern industrialpersonnel in the context of the coun-try’s orientation toward a new technological paradigm. It is also important to study the conditions that stimulate the development in employees of qualities that are in demand by an innovative economy. The results obtained by foreign authors show that trust stimulates the formation of organizational commitment interested and responsible attitude to work, initiative in the workplace. Russian sociologists also note the positive role of organizational trust, but its role inthe development of pro-organizational attitudes and la-bor behavior has not been sufficiently investigated so far. The paper presents the results of a sociological study conducted at two Perm industrial enterprises (n=2,186 respondents). The study shows that trusting relationships between management and employees play an important role for the formation of organiza-tional commitment, corporate solidarity, pro-organizational behavior, productivity, innovative activity, etc. These results allow us to conclude that the creation of conditions conducive to the development oftrust can contribute to the development of personnel’s qualities necessary for the introduction of new equipment and technologies and, thereby, stimulate the development of the social base of modernization processes in the economy as a whole.

Theory of labor relations in the context of the transformation of the sphere of work: designation of the problem

The problems of modernization of the subject of Labor Law and the theory of labor relations in the context of the transformation of the labor sphere are considered. Based on the historical analysis of the process of structuring the law on the branches, the direction of development of private-public branches and, above all, Labor Law is predicted. The convergence of the theory of a single indivisible labor legal relationship by N.G. Aleksandrov and the theory of a complex of unified labor relations V.N. Skobelkin in the context of the transition to new technological paradigms and the growth of differentiation in the ways of organizing labor. On the basis of the theory of a complex of unified labor legal relations, ways are proposed to expand the subject of the branch of Labor Law by including in it new relations arising on a contractual and non-contractual basis related to the use of human labor. The necessity of changing the presumption of proving the existence of labor relations, the three-subject composition of the participants in the system of legal relations arising from the use of agency labor (a contract for the provision of an employee), and the joint liability of subjects on the side of the employer (solidary employer) are substantiated.

Оценка степени инновационной готовности системной трансформации менеджмента в условиях перехода к шестому технологическому укладу

The relevance of the study is due to the need for Russia to actively enter the new post-industrial technological paradigm of the sixth generation, which requires not only an infrastructural basis, but also a scientific and managerial potential. These circumstances, characterized by high rates of change, actualize the tasks of rethinking the value orientations of the management of industrial enterprises, especially in terms of technologies, methods and management tools, focused on the priorities of innovative development, which are reasonably considered as the managerial basis for technological modernization of the economy based on innovative solutions. The purpose of the work is to assess the degree of readiness for the transformation of management systems in the context of the transition to the sixth technological paradigm in the context of studying the innovative activity of industrial entities in the field of developed production technologies, including integrated management and control (advanced methods of organization and production management). The article examines dynamic, structural, trend qualitative variations of the developed advanced production technologies in the Russian Federation for 2000–2021 based on a significant amount of statistical data. The authors concluded that there are positive growth dynamics of developed advanced production technologies, qualitative structural shifts towards Russian developments.

Specifics of labor market transformation under the influence of the digital economy

Ukraine, like the rest of the world, is in the process of transitioning to a digital economy and society. This transition has been underway for almost half a century, but the pace of change has accelerated as digital infrastructure continues to expand, smartphones become more widespread, enabling universal computerization, and huge amounts of information of all kinds are generated. These changes have turned data into a strategically important asset. We are talking about a change in the global socio-technological order, which results in a complete reformatting of the systems we are used to, the formation of new social and economic strategies of business entities at various levels. At the same time, the technological paradigm is changing, governance models and social norms are changing, and large-scale demographic shifts are taking place. However, the problem is not that the transition to a new model of economic development is taking place in principle. The problem is that this transition is happening at an extremely fast pace – not over millennia, like the agrarian way, not over centuries, like the industrial way, but in just a few decades. In the context of these changes, a new specific digital labor market is emerging. The active development and spread of information technology in society has led to the formation of a new social and labor structure characterized by innovative forms of employment. The emergence of new forms of labor activity, different from those existing in the industrial era, raises questions about their functioning, problematization and deformation. Currently, the social structure of business entities is being transformed; rapid technological progress is creating new requirements for all labor market players; the methodology of hiring employees is changing; flexibility and mobility are increasing; and the level of educational requirements is rising. In all countries of the world, there is a tendency for accelerated growth in the number of groups with intermediate status, which are on the verge of employment, unemployment and economic inactivity. Therefore, it is relevant and timely to study the peculiarities of the digital labor market. The study was based on the use of: method of comparison, generalization – to clarify and formalize the essence of the concept, graphoanalytical method – to provide clarity of the material and schematic representation of a number of theoretical and practical provisions of the study.

Barriers and challenges faced by orthodontists in providing orthodontic care and implementing new innovative technologies in the field of orthodontics among children and adults: a qualitative study.

Orthodontic treatment requires the cooperation of patients as well as orthodontists. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate and address the challenges and barriers orthodontists have in achieving the desired orthodontic results, as well as make recommendations for ways to address the stated problems and introduce new innovative technologies to the area of orthodontics. This qualitative study wasbased on the grounded theory. Twelve orthodontists participated in face-to-face interviews, which were primarily comprised of open-ended questions. Data analysis was carried out manually using the "by hand" method. Orthodontists between the age group of 29-42 were interviewed. The answers varied depending on the years of experience of the interviewees. Teenagers and boys were found to be most non-compliant with the treatment. The average treatment span ranged between 6 months for mild cases up to 3 years for severe orthodontic cases occurring most commonly in government hospitals. Patient compliance plays a major role in orthodontics. Poor oral hygiene maintenance, brackets breakage by patients, and missed appointments were the major concerns mentioned by participants and hindered getting the desired results. Patients' main worries were related to the cost of therapy, premolar extractions, the length of treatment, and the possibility of relapse. Patient counseling and reinforcement at the start of the treatment can help to overcome the challenges and barriers in orthodontics since patient motivation is a very important factor in obtaining the desired results. It is recommended to conduct more training sessions for the orthodontists in order to introduce them to new technological paradigms.