Paradigm Of Public Administration Research Articles

Kamu Yönetimi Bağlamında Afet Yönetiminde Örnek Bir Uygulama: AYDES

Dünyanın küresel salgınla birlikte kaosa sürüklendiği bir dönemde artan nüfusla birlikte kamu yönetimi kavramı önem kazanmakta ve devletlerin yeni politikalar oluşturarak bunların planlanmasında aktif roller üstlenecek aktörleri tayin etmesi ve güçlendirmesi hayati bir anlam ifade etmektedir. Geleneksel kamu yönetimi anlayışının terk edildiği günümüzde kamu yönetiminde şeffaf, esnek, vatandaş odaklı, kamuya açık kaynakların doğru kullanılması sürecini öne çıkaran politikalara duyulan ihtiyaç yeni kamu yönetimi paradigmasını desteklemektedir. Yeni kamu yönetimi anlayışının hâkim olduğu afet yönetimi ise esnek tabanlı yapısını ortaya koymakta ve afetlerde hızlı karar alma mekanizmalarının uygulanmasına olanak tanıyan işlev üstlenmektedir. 2018 yılında Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesiyle Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı bünyesine katılan AFAD afetlerin öngörülmesi, planlanması, organize edilmesi, her aşamasının takip edilmesi ve iyileştirilmesi konusunda yetkili kılınmıştır. İçişleri Bakanlığının hem afet yönetimi hem de iç güvenlikten sorumlu olmasının sinerjetik etkileri de bu kapsamda önemli görülmektedir. Afet durumlarında doğru bilgi ve konuma ulaşmak, sağlıklı iletişimi sağlamak büyük önem taşımaktadır. AFAD’ın afetler konusunda dünya standartlarını takip ettiğinin en önemli göstergelerinden biri olan AYDES uygulaması bileşenleriyle birlikte kapsamlı bir bilgi ağı sunmakta ve ekiplere destek sağlamaktadır. Coğrafi bilgi sistemleri üzerine inşa edilen, karar destek mekanizmalarına sahip web tabanlı bir uygulama olan AYDES’in, büyük kısmının alt bileşeni ilgili kurum ve kuruluşlarla ortak kapalı bir sistem üzerinden veri akışını sağlarken yine bir alt modül olarak, Bütünleşik Afet Yönetim Platformuyla vatandaş erişimine imkân sunmaktadır. Bu imkân vatandaşı da afet yönetiminin bir parçası haline getirmektedir. Ulusal/uluslararası düzeyde çok tanınmayan bu uygulamanın literatürde kaynağı sınırlıdır. Bununla birlikte sınırlı erişime sahip olan uygulama hakkında eldeki verilerin bir araya getirilmesi ve yorumlanması çalışmanın önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Kamu yönetimindeki yeni yönetim anlayışının bir yansıması olarak değerlendirilebilecek bu uygulama hakkında literatürde sınırlı bilgiye rastlanmaktadır. Afet yönetiminin Türkiye’deki işleyiş biçimlerini konu kapsamında gösteren çalışma AYDES uygulamasının geniş bir analizini yapmayı amaç edinmiştir. Gelişmiş teknolojik imkânlarla oluşturulmuş uygulamanın bilgi akışını sağlamak konusunda büyük katkılar sağlayacağı ve afet yönetiminin şeklini değiştireceği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda uygulamanın teknolojik olarak sürekli güncellenmesi ve sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması son derece önemli görülmektedir.

From Bureaucrats to Entrepreneurs to Networkers, Advocates, and Empaths: Reappraising Human Resources Management Ideals and Practices in Public Administration

This article assesses how changing paradigms of public administration have been reflected in public sector human resources management over time. It finds that large-scale reform acts, such as the Pendleton Act or the Civil Service Reform Act and the National Performance Review reflected the “ideals” of the rule-following bureaucrat of the Old Public Administration (OPA) and of the result-seeking entrepreneur of New Public Management (NPM). However, the advocate, empath, and networker of New Public Administration (NPA) and New Public Service (NPS) has not been pursued through similarly encompassing reform efforts. While gradual changes such as a more representative bureaucracy and increased collaborative governance have paved the way for a deeper integration of NPA and NPS values into human resource policy and practice, more efforts are needed to promote advocates, empaths, and networkers as the core of the “new” public service. We conclude by making some tentative suggestions in this direction.

Рождение чрезвычайного государства из духа вечности политического тела

The philosophical project "Homo Sacer" by the modern Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben (born in 1942) is based on a consistent highlighting of the process of Western European history that leads to the establishment of the state of emergency as a common technology of public administration today. This article offers an outline of the genesis of the state of emergency (emergency state) from the point of view of the evolution of ideas about the state in the aspect of the metaphor of the human body. In view of the fact that the logic of the state of emergency is based on the concept of a necessity (necessitas), which allows to suspend the normal functioning of law and order, it is necessary to raise the question of the origin of this relationship. The author believes that the source of the idea of the relationship between the state of emergency and necessity is the needs of the human body, the absolute urgency of which is the starting point of political organization (Plato, Aristotle). The system of views on the state as a body that emerged in the Greco-Roman worldview was clearly developed in the medieval civilization of the West. From this point on, we can talk about the emergence of the concept of "political body", within which the understanding of key sociopolitical relations took place. The combination of the Aristotelian concept of the eternity of the world with the strengthening of the absolute power of the secular sovereign and practical needs led to the formation of the idea of the permanent state with its constant needs. The new state rationality, associated with the need to meet the needs of the state and thus ensure its self-preservation, has acquired the form of biopolitics, which actually blurs the border between the political and the biological. The state of emergency becomes a paradigm of public administration, motivated by the idea of the identity of natural processes and the existence of society. The constant and imperishable nature of these processes sets the basis for the production of state of emergency, which loses its connection to a certain point in time and becomes a potentially eternal and continuous state.

Innovation and Development in Improving Public Services During the New Normal Era in Indonesia

Various changes that occurred due to the emergence of COVID-19 and the entry of the new normal era led to the government’s need for innovation and new development in providing public services to the community. This study aims to examine how the government can create innovations and develop various public services in Indonesia in the new normal period. This research will use a qualitative approach using analytical methods. The data in this study was obtained from various studies and studies that are still relevant to this research. This study found that the government has made multiple innovations for the public service sector. The form of these innovations is the focus in the APBN budget to deal with the APBN in such areas as health, education, social, or economic aspects. This is developing following the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era and the paradigm in public administration, which conceptually adopts many practices from private organizations. The government establishes partnerships with private organizations to study and seek innovative ideas in public service.

Public administration: State apparatus leadership in the present era

Aim: Achieving leadership success in the modern era takes time and effort. It is a public administration challenge to find the appropriate response for leaders in a situation where it is hoped that they will be able to make many changes by adopting new paradigms of public administration and management.Methodology: This study employs a qualitative, descriptive methodology. Information was gathered from reading materials and relevant scholarly articles.Findings: According to the study’s results, leaders open to change and lifelong learning are best positioned to meet the challenges of public administration under the new leadership paradigm. There is a need for leaders who can transform organizations to meet the challenges of modern public administration. Leaders fearless in adapting to new circumstances are essential in today’s world, where rapid, dynamic changes are the norm so that institutions like the state stay caught up.Implications/Novel Contribution: There has been a shift toward a new paradigm in leadership in recent years, as it has become clear that the old ways of doing things won’t cut it in the era’s world. This study provides an overarching look at the types of leadership required to keep a team on track during the transition while being flexible enough to meet immediate needs.

Strategic Planning as a Factor of Public Administration in Ukraine

The article considers strategic planning issues as a factor of public administration in Ukraine. Consideration of strategic planning in the system of public administration is carried out based on factor analysis of the study of legal phenomena in the context of modern methodological principles of the theory of administrative law and the theory of public administration. The study's relevance is due to the need to increase the effectiveness of public administration of socio-economic development and national security in terms of integration into the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It is noted that Ukraine has accumulated experience in public administration, methods and tools, which continue to dominate, despite the development of a new system of the socio-economic structure. The need for sustainable socio-economic development and national security as a strategic goal facing the state necessitates the creation of appropriate legal arrangements that mediate the strategic nature of planning. Integration into the European Union creates the preconditions for forming a new paradigm of public administration, which is designed to include mechanisms and tools of the new general management, able to strategically ensure socio-economic growth and the appropriate level of national security.

ДИСТАНЦИОННОЕ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЕ ГОЛОСОВАНИЕ КАК ЭТАП РАЗВИТИЯ АНТРОПОЦЕНТРИЧНОГО ПУБЛИЧНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ

This article analyzes the level of development of electronic public administration, which is moving into the electoral sphere. The phenomenon of remote electronic voting is considered as a sequential process caused by the transformation of the paradigm of public administration, where anthropocentrism begins to acquire more pronounced characteristics. Within the framework of the issues under consideration, it would be correct to state that modern methods of voting are not only a mechanism for the legitimate transfer of power from one entity to another, but also a public service to facilitate the expression of the will of citizens.

Concepts and goals of public administration in the security and defense sector

The article is devoted to defining the concepts and goals of public administration in the security and defense sector. The author stated that public administration in the security and defense sector is currently developing at a very fast pace, which is associated both with the need to concentrate efforts of the state and civil society to repel Russian aggression, and with the intensification of the process of North Atlantic integration. Taken together, these factors confirm the relevance and importance of defining the concepts and objectives of public administration in the security and defense sector.
 The article clarifies that the new paradigm of public administration does not deny taking into account and using the previous successful experience in the functioning of state institutions, including military formations. Conversely, the reasons for ineffective activity in different areas should be the subject of scientific analysis in order not to repeat the mistakes of the past in the future. The main criteria for the effectiveness of public administration in different historical periods must necessarily cover the protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, as well as the implementation of the principle of humanism.
 The article formulates the definition of public administration in the security and defense sector as a complex of administrative and legal means, the combination of which allows transforming public relations to achieve a higher level of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms, strengthening the defense capability of our state and reducing the impact of threats to national security.
 The author proposes defining the goals of public administration in the security and defense sector. It was found that they cover: a) provision, protection and renewal in violation of national interests from external and internal threats to the national security of Ukraine; b) provision, protection and renewal in case of violation of the rights and freedoms of individuals and legal entities in their relations with subjects of the security and defense sector; c) improvement of the military command and control system.

An Approach to the Paradigms of Public Administration in Ecuador, from a Purely Bibliometric Study

Describing the situation of the Ecuadorian Public Administration, like that of any other country, is obviously not an easy task. In the first place, due to the absence of research in this field and secondly because its problems can never be fully quantified, especially because each of them, in turn, contains a number of other problems or sub-problems, weaving a true network of interrelationships to even shape what could be classified as a system of problems. The purpose of this scientific contribution is to show the bibliometric performance of the Public Administration paradigms. To achieve this purpose, an exhaustive bibliographic review of the literature and published articles related to this topic is carried out in the academic and research database Scopus. The results of this work expose the following points: 1) Paradigms of public administration, a strictly bibliometric analysis; 2) The public administration in Ecuador; 3) Social reality of the Ecuadorian context; 4) Reality of Public Administration at the National Level in Ecuador. The main conclusions highlight that: 1) If a comparison is made between the past and the present, public administration was not conceived as a science, much less talked about the public, the states work daily depending on the urgent activities that were necessary to execute them, unaware that this theory is the foundation for the application of an order within the organization; 2) It can be established that the study of public administration is a very broad and dynamic fact to understand, not only because it is analyzed from the point of view of the social sciences, where the purpose is the fulfillment of collective needs, as well as also the study of the norms that must be applied for the correct development of the state apparatus studied as an activity.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОМ УПРАВЛЕНИИ: ОТ НОВОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТА К УПРАВЛЕНИЮ ПУБЛИЧНОЙ ПОЛИТИКОЙ

The article examines the evolution of the conceptual paradigm of public administration under the influence of the response of administrative reforms to emerging crisis phenomena in the economy and society. At the end of the last decades of the last century, administrative transformations took place under the influence of the neoliberal strategy of public administration managerialization, i.e., the introduction of market mechanisms and structures into it. Ideologically, these administrative reforms were based on the New Public Management. By the end of the century, however, the failures and paradoxes of this line of reform and its ideology became visible. It required a restructuring of the administrative system in the direction of including citizens and their associations in the administrative process. The network, horizontal mechanism of governance has found expression in the concept of a New Public Governance. However, here, too, the focus on «governance without government» turned out to be a deterrent to the publicity of public administration. In the second decade, new needs began to emerge related to a more systematic public administration and its connection with public policy. Concepts such as «holistic», «strategic», «flexible» and «resilient» governance reflected a new relationship between politics and administration - from differentiation to unity. On this basis, as shown in the article, Governance of Public Policy can be a probable ideological model of new public administration.

МОЖЛИВОСТІ АДАПТАЦІЇ ЗАРУБІЖНОГО ДОСВІДУ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ У РОЗВИТОК СИСТЕМИ ЕЛЕКТРОННОГО УРЯДУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the possibilities of adapting foreign experience of Public Administration to the development of the e-government system in Ukraine. It is determined that the characteristic features in the development of information technology potential in improving public administration systems are the "quantum" approach to information management. We are talking about the widespread creation of systematized arrays of information, clearly structured according to various criteria and characteristics. It is concluded that the analysis of such arrays of information using information technologies gives a powerful potential in determining strategic directions of action, both in forecasting the state management system and in planning its activities. It is also proposed to use the experience of expanding access to information services; creating a system for training and training specialists in information and computer technologies; creating transparency of budget relations; creating electronic spheres of Public Administration in various directions; expand the service sector for businesses and create even greater conditions for mastering various business, statistical and other information. An important aspect of activity in the development of the public administration system is personnel support for the process of implementing the public administration paradigm. Foreign experience has shown the need to develop a human resources support system in two areas: external training and internal training. The first category should include the creation of state programs that focus on the experience of the world's best centers and scientific systems. The second direction should be based on the creation of a system of training specialists within the public administration system. Thus, the effectiveness of the implemented directions for improving the public administration system will significantly increase. The tasks of developing e-government should have their own ambitious goals and unique technologies that are unique to our management system.

Implementing Co-Creation as a Policy Norm in Sweden — Steering Strategies for a Robust Municipal Organisation

Abstract Building upon findings from a strategically selected case study of a pioneering Swedish municipality, Jönköping, a participant in a Horizon2020 project on co-creating public service innovations in Europe (CoSIE), this paper illustrates how local municipalities may take a systemic approach to creating the necessary conditions for sustainable co-creation and assesses whether this illustrates an ongoing paradigmatic shift in service management and culture. The strategic change management efforts in adapting a public sector organisation to a co-creation culture, are assessed against a normative theoretical framework for such a transformative change (Finansdepartementet 2018; Torfing et al, 2016;). The study employs the concept of co-creation to highlight the paradigmatic shift in the approach to citizens as service end users from passive clients to active citizens with resources and capabilities to exert an impact on service design, delivery, and value creation. Th e article offers new insights into how a robust organisation may be moving towards a new public administration paradigm that accommodates co-creation, and especially how a new approach to management based on trust may be strategically implemented as a key factor in facilitating systemic change (Torfing et al, 2016). Against the background of a significant shortage of studies exploring how conditions for such a transformative change are created at different system levels, the article examines a longitudinal real-time study and illustrates new management approaches, strategies, and tools used. The study also contributes a normative framework to explore a shift to more trust-based steering and a more nuanced explanation of an ongoing managerial shift towards a ‘co-creation’ paradigm. It argues that achieving trust-based steering has major potential to facilitate a co-creation culture but that a paradigmatic shift towards such a culture requires congruence in discourses and actions on different system levels and a major transformation of approaches, roles, and relationship dynamics between senior and first-line management.

Administrasi Publik Dalam Perspektif Islam: Kajian Pada Sistem Pemerintahan Umar Bin Khattab

This study examines about public administration in an Islamic perspective, studies on the system of government of Umar Bin Khattab. The administrative system was not implemented before Nabi Muhammad SAW moved to Medina, after Nabi Muhammad SAW moved from Mecca to Medina, reading and writing activities began to be carried out among the Muslims and to build a government based on Islamic law. The development of the administration was increasingly rapid during the Caliphate of Umar bin Khattab. This research is a type of library research with a research approach using qualitative research methods. Literature research is research that uses data collection techniques by reviewing books, literature, notes and various reports related to the problem to be studied. Public administration as a discipline that is dynamic in accordance with the times. In line with the times, public administration has changed for the better in accordance with the demands of an increasingly complex era. In the western perspective, public administration has experienced developments starting from the old public administration paradigm, new public management, to the new public service. In an Islamic perspective, administration is known as al-idara. Administration in Islam refers to the Qur'an and its interpretations as well as hadiths and syarahs. The sources of interpretation provide an explanation of the signs of the Qur'an whose position exceeds the general rules relating to the order of people's lives. In the context of public services, excellent service is a must and obligation for both the government and the state civil apparatus. Public services are carried out based on Islamic teachings, namely the services provided must be good, honest, quality and trustworthy.

Good governance: meaning, principles, characteristics and limitations in democratic societies

A new concept has been introduced in public administration - good governance. The term good governance is difficult to define. But in the 1980s, researchers have been working hard to achieve the lofty ideal of good governance, and by the turn of the 21st century, the concept of good governance has become an integral part of public administration. Good governance is considered today as a paradigm of public administration, because it is committed to regulating political power, to supporting governance aimed at ensuring the general well-being of citizens and less so of representatives of political parties. The term has broader implications and includes both the activities of government and other organizations, public or private. The premise is that public policies and objectives require cooperation actions between different actors.It is mentioned that the current era (21st century) can be aptly called an era of good governance. Thus, this article examines the essence of the concept of good governance, the principles, characteristics and limitations of good governance in democratic societies.

USE OF THE MECHANISM OF CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT OF INNOVATIVE TRANSFORMATIONS OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE

The formation and implementation of innovative activities in public administration is a fundamental problem in both theoretical and practical aspects. Public administration in the current conditions of Ukraine's development requires significant changes due to the active processes of digital transformation of the state's interaction with society, and the use of innovative tools and technologies used in world practice. The article establishes the morphological paradigm of modern public administration within the framework of reforming and innovative transformations of the public administration system. The task of the mechanism of cultural and educational support of innovative transformations of public administration is defined. The essence of the concept of "public administration" is investigated, the decomposition analysis of definition of the concept "mechanism of public management" is carried out. The quality of public administration in the field of formation of innovative mechanisms of interaction between political, local self-government bodies, governmental structures, business and civil society organizations is worked out. The concept of "mechanism of cultural and educational support of innovative transformations of public administration" is revealed. It is proposed to outline a comprehensive system of managerial influence on civil society, which gives the implementation of innovations in public administration based on the application of the achievements of cultural and educational space in order to achieve progressive evolutionary social development. The main directions of development of innovative activity in public administration of Ukraine are defined — fixing of strategic priorities of the state innovation policy, maintenance of conditions of application of model of innovative activity in system of public management and improvement of the current legislation in the field of innovative activity in public management. The primary experience for outlining innovations common in Western European public administration, the strategy of joint innovations based on cooperation and communication of public, private and public actors with different levels of experience and resources can be traced. Much attention is paid to the formation of barriers to cooperation within the strategy and the factors that directly affect their emergence. It is argued that the organization of cooperation processes stimulates the creation of innovative solutions.

Public Value Management: An Emerging Paradigm in Public Administration

In 1975, Nicholas Henry puts forward five paradigms for public administration. These paradigms demonstrate the historical development of public administration since Woodrow Wilson's famous article. The existence of competing paradigms in public administration enhances theoretical development within the discourse. Public value management has brought a new dimension to the discourse. The purpose of this study is to investigate the paradigmatic shift in public management and to determine if the ‘Public Value Management’ represents an emerging paradigm in public administration. The paper attempts to answer two main questions: (a) Does public value management represent a new paradigm in the field of public administration? (b) Is public value management the future of public administration? To answer these questions, the study followed a historical approach to provide an accurate description and analysis of the current state as well as predicting its future course. Data for this study has been collected through a primary scoping of the literature on public administration. This paper shows that public value is not only an emerging paradigm in public administration but also the future. The study also found out that public value is the next big thing for governments aiming to deliver better public service. The public value paradigm is centered around the needs of the public as citizens, as well as consumers, the creation of value rather than achieving individual outcomes. It is more than the aggregation of individual needs with deliberation as to what constitutes public value at its core. In answering the aforementioned questions, the paper endeavor to establish the focus of public value management paradigm within the public administration field. The study adds value to the literature and theoretical development of public value

Institutionalizing innovation in welfare local services through co-production: toward a Neo-Weberian State?

AbstractInnovative practices based on the involvement of citizens as co-producers of welfare local services have been increasingly adopted by the public sector to effectively tackle emerging social problems. Despite the development in the literature on this subject, recent studies still do not clearly indicate which are the challenges for the institutionalization of such practices. By applying a governance lens to the analysis of co-production of local public services, this article aims to contribute to bridging this gap through the empirical analysis of the childcare experience in four European cities. More in detail, it debates the concepts of co-production and innovation in public service delivery within the context of the different waves of public administration reforms; and it investigates how three different sets of conditions – namely, state support and capacity; organizational cultures which support innovation; and integration with facilitative technologies – integrate to facilitate or hinder the institutionalization of co-production initiatives. The findings show that the enabling role of the state actor is a sine qua non to guarantee an institutionalization of these practices, particularly concerning the promotion of trust-building processes. Doing so, the article contributes to the international debate about the possible co-existing of the paradigms of public administration that are arising in the last decades to remedy the problems with the New Public Management; and it provides professionals working in public management and administration with key policy recommendations for the elaboration of new governance systems for the provision of social and welfare services.

Вопросы цифровизации в контексте современного этапа эволюции публичного управления

The aim of the article is to determine the true place and role of digital technologies in the development and formation of the theory and practice of public administration at the present stage. The paper shows that at present, undeservedly little attention is paid to understanding the phenomenon of digitalization in terms of conceptualizing public administration, especially against the background of its crisis and intensive searches for a new paradigm of public administration. The author concludes that the significance of digitalization lies in creating the prerequisites for the formation of managerial consciousness in the subject of management.

Policy Networks in Improving the Quality of Housing and Settlements in Indonesia (A Case Research of Bandung District)

Studies on slum housing and settlements have been carried out in many countries. The various studies show that the problem of housing and settlement areas can no longer be considered a simple problem. Different from the various studies on housing and settlement areas, this research employs the perspective of policy networks as a new public administration paradigm. The development issue on housing and settlement areas is regarded as one of the contemporary international issues contained in one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Several countries have become the focus of attention, such as: India, Mongolia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Thailand. In Indonesia, the development of housing and settlement areas is mandated by law. The Local Government of Bandung District has made efforts to improve the quality of housing and settlements through such programs as the PLPBK, Rutilahu, and Kotaku. However, the improvement in the quality of housing and settlements in general has not touched the basic problem, namely the welfare of the community. The development is limited to physical improvements and lasts 1 (one) to 2 (two) years. In the third year the restored area becomes irregular / slum again. Therefore, it is recommended that the Bandung District government issue a local regulation in the form of a Regent Regulation concerning the improvement of housing and settlement quality and a plan for handling it as the legal bases. In addition, a collaboration of actors in policy networks should be formed based on the pentahelix model incorporating the actors of business, government, community, academic, and media.

PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIONS IN THE SOCIO-HUMANITARIAN SPHERE: CHALLENGES AND WAYS TO OVERCOME

EU integration and globalization trends require new mechanisms and methods of regulating economic processes to transform Ukraine into an economically developed powerful state. Innovation is an integral part of any production cycle, but to achieve better results, innovation processes and relationships in the creation and implementation of innovative technologies in the national economy require active participation and great attention from the state. The main emphasis of such attention should be focused on organizational, legal and institutional support of innovation, which requires solving a vast number of problems of intensive development. The end of the twentieth century was a period of spreading ideas about the need to change the paradigm of public administration. Scientists began to realize the need to move to a new model of public administration based on strengthening the social nature of government. The change in approach implies an essential change in the state's role: from the producer of public goods to the regulator of market processes. During the implementation of this model, the most crucial effect is possible if the principles of openness, innovation, decentralization, and a combination of market and state regulation, individual freedom and new forms of individual and collective responsibility.