Paper Cups Research Articles

Design of Multifunctional Touch and Slip Sensor System Based on PVDF Piezoelectric Film

A multi-functional touch slip sensing system is designed based on PVDF piezoelectric film. The piezoelectric sensor converts the pressure signal into electrical signal through piezoelectric effect, and the conditioning circuit further processes the electrical signal. After A/D conversion, the data is transferred to the upper computer to extract the information. In addition, based on the thermoelectric effect of piezoelectric film, the sensor can detect the thermal sensation signal and has the function of self-protection. The piezoelectric sensor adopts bionic fingerprint structure, which has high sensitivity and good flexibility. The conditioning circuit includes amplifying unit, filtering unit, voltage lifting unit and voltage following unit. These units are integrated on the circuit board of 11mm*10mm, which has high integration and easy application. The experiment verifies that manipulator equipped the sensing system can automatically judge tactile, slip and thermal sensation, and can grasp an egg and a paper cup with water, realizing the ability of soft grasping.

Research on Water Treatment Method Based on Graphene Composites

In this paper, the graphene material prepared by graphite and zeolite acted together to produce paper cup composite material to adsorb cadmium ion in water. The effects of adsorption time, pH value, the amount of stone composite, the concentration of cadmium ion and sodium ion on the adsorption of cadmium ion were discussed respectively. The results show that the content of cadmium ion in water is the least when the adsorption time is 2h and pH is 5.4. with the increase of the amount of graphene/zeolite composite, the existence of sodium ion will inhibit the adsorption of cadmium ion. The adsorption of cadmium ions commonly used in water treatment was studied in this paper.

Manufacturing methods of healthy and edible cups-An integrative review

A teacup is for drinking tea. It is also larger than coffee cups. Morning tea cups are typically bigger than afternoon tea cups. Several studies suggest that customer perception of beverages and purchase preferences were heavily associated with form and colour of a vessel. Since previous studies centered on wine, bubble beverages, juice, chocolate, etc., there has been barely any study on the required drinking tea vessels. In this review, tea experts and designers were approached to gather data for their perspectives. This study revealed that a tea-drinking vessel’s architecture and manufacture could affect the tea’s taste and scent perception. Cups used for hot drinks like tea and coffee are constructed of materials like steel, glass, plastic, etc. Cookie cups provide an option to such cups by introducing some flavor to drinks. Most notably, this cookie cup is often produced of sugarless biscuits that allow diabetics eat this cup. This cup would be cost-effective, reducing paper cup use. Hostels, clinics, and every business may use this cup. These findings explain a cup of biscuits concept and production processes.

Cups for COVID: rapid implementation of a harm reduction initiative to support populations experiencing homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

SettingAs of June 10, 2020, 37 people experiencing homelessness or unstable housing in Calgary, Alberta, had developed lab-confirmed COVID-19. Spread occurred despite standard outbreak controls at affected shelter and supportive housing sites. Among these 37 cases, drink sharing was frequently identified as a modifiable mode of possible transmission. We collaborated with emergency shelters, a supportive housing site, and street and encampment outreach groups, using mixed service delivery by health staff, non-profits, and peers with lived experience with homelessness.InterventionTo empower individuals to decrease COVID-19 transmission using a harm reduction approach, we provided disposable paper cups to service providers for distribution to clients. Service providers tracked the number of cups distributed. To assess effectiveness, we interviewed staff and peers who distributed the cups.OutcomesCup distribution was highest among populations with higher rates of alcohol use, and the intervention was well received by people who drink alcohol regularly, providing unique opportunities to promote COVID-19 awareness and safer drinking practices. Providers to these populations reported enthusiastic client engagement and repeat requests for cups for safer drinking. Intervention usefulness was limited in contexts with low alcohol consumption and in the absence of paired COVID-19 education. Provider reports suggest appropriate disposal of these cups after use.ImplicationsDisposable cups are a novel, rapidly implementable, low-cost harm reduction tool to empower people experiencing homelessness to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission due to drink sharing, ideally as part of a larger harm reduction and community education strategy.

Designing a New Empathy‐Oriented Prototyping Toolkit for the Design Thinking Process: Creativity and Design Sensibility

AbstractThis study examined the effectiveness of a new empathy‐oriented prototyping toolkit that was carefully developed to aid empathy gaining in students who find it difficult to express their ideas using only traditional paper‐based prototyping materials. The toolkit has a simple structure and uses basic geometric three‐dimensional forms made of various surface materials, such as rubber, wood, metal, acrylic and marble, which evoke distinct tactile sensations. The toolkit substitutes the items used in paper‐based prototyping, such as construction paper, glue, scissors, paper cups and permanent markers, in the prototyping stage of the design thinking workshop process. Students’ thoughts are expressed in three‐dimensional forms while they empathise with other students through conversation. The materials used are sophisticated, empathy‐oriented and provide easy access to rapid prototyping. Herein, we (1) explain the components of the developed toolkit, (2) provide a specific curriculum guide, (3) show the results of student experimentation with the toolkit in the prototyping stage of the design thinking workshop process and (4) demonstrate the toolkit’s effectiveness by observing the students’ creations and statements. Open coding and selective coding were used to analyse the themes that emerged from the interviews by students who participated in the workshop. We argue that the new prototyping toolkit can significantly promote students’ creativity and design sensibility.

Strategi Peningkatan Profit Pada Rumah Makan Patinku Melalui Re-Design Packaging

Rumah Makan Patinku is one of the restaurants in Medan that has an interesting characteristic of patin fish as special culinary preparations. Rumah Makan Patinku previously had some packaging before, but the restaurant owner thought that it had not gotten the maximum sales profit increase. Sales increased from the previous package by 15% while the owner wanted an increase in profit of 50%. Through the re-design packaging and the addition of others packaging designs, it is expected to realize an increase in sales profit of Rumah Makan Patinku as expected by the owner. This design phase uses qualitative research methods and SWOT analysis methods. The results of the design in the form of patin bakar packaging, patin goreng packaging, gembung bakar packaging, packaging for rice can also be for roast chicken, and paper cups for hot drinks such as: hot tea and hot coffee.

Exploring the three dimensions of sustainability related to clay cups

Since long before the use of disposable foil, plastic and paper cups, clay cups have been widely used in India as single-use containers for a variety of beverages and foods. This is now changing. The cost, convenience and transportability of non-earthen containers has resulted in their replacing clay containers. This paper discusses the gains and losses from this substitution along the three dimensions of sustainability economic, environmental and social, and shows that the replacement analyses for even such a simple product are complex with tradeoffs in the three dimensions impacting the wellbeing of the producers and users. The paper also presents the life cycle assessment of clay cups in terms of endpoint and midpoint categories using ReCiPe method, and also find the environmental hotspots.

Design and development of eco-friendly cutlery out of paper waste through molding next generation waste management

The waste of paper or the paper dump is a serious problem and its occurrence is widespread in various institutions. Wastepaper can be recycled to produce some important and usable products that are ecological and biodegradable. For example, it is used to extract new paper from the old by chemical decomposition. Other products such as paper plates, paper cups, paper spoons, tiles, toys, crafts, etc. can be formed from the slurry. This project also initiates a mould that makes cups and plates from the wastepaper management circuit. With learning institutions being the main consumers, most paper are usually eliminated after its use. The waste remains undeveloped and unused, although is a valuable resource. Studying the design of a manual, economical and efficient paper recycling machine, it can be surmised that the design uses the integration of the knowledge gained about the recycling technology that exists manually from the paper recycling machines used to form a cheap but effective paper recycling system. The advantages of the machine are not only of recycled paper, but also the advantages of the interaction of the manual drive system, which will also reduce the high cost. As the design is not 100% effective, the transmission, belt and chain transmission correspond to the estimated 90% efficiency using the 90% for the design. The power consumption for the design is 450 W and since an average user can produce 100 W constant, it takes 5 people to drive the machine.

Low cost electrochemical composite material of paper cup waste carbon (P-carbon) and Fluorescein for supercapacitor application

Waste paper cups were employed as a source of carbon (P-carbon). Fluorescein molecules were immobilized on this carbon surface. The composite P-carbon/Fluorescein was investigated as an alternative supercapacitor material. The structure and properties of the synthesized materials are confirmed by some characterization techniques like XRD, SEM, EDX, UV and TGA. The functional group present in the material was confirmed by FT-IR and Raman spectral studies. The electrochemical behaviour of the material was analysed by Cyclic Voltametery (CV), Galavanostatic charge discharge (GCD) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Organic compound DFT calculation was carried out for the immobilized organic compound to evaluate the theoretical band gap energy. The synthesized electro active composite P-carbon/Fluorescein shows an excellent capacitance value of 214 Fg−1 when compared to the individual materials P-carbon and Fluorescein, and it exhibited a good cyclic stability till 1000 cycle of charge discharge study. The study throws light on the fact that waste carbon materials can be modified for energy storage applications.

ORGANOLEPTIK MIE BELUT (MONOPTERUS ALBUS ZUIEUW) INSTAN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN SEMI REFINED CARRAGEENAN (SRC) EUCHEUMA COTTONII

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of SRC addition on the organoleptic characteristics of instant eel noodles (Monopterus albus zuieuw) in cup packaging for 30 days of storage. The research was making wet noodles with added crushed meat of eel and then added 2% semi refined carrageenan (SRC). Eel noodles that are still in their wet form are then dried using the frying method. Instant eel noodles are then packaged in paper cups then stored at room temperature for 30 days. Instant noodles were characterized as organoleptic every 10 days. Organoleptic analysis result data appearance, color, taste, smell and texture then analyzed the data using the sign test to determine the differences of each treatment at each storage age. The results of the sign test analysis on the data obtained show that the 2% SRC treatment can maintain organoleptic quality except in texture and taste. The average organoleptic value at each storage level, the addition of SRC 2% i can inhibit the decrease in organoleptic values ​​by an average of 1%.

Influence of Income and Knowledge about Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN DBD) to The Presence of Aedes aegypti Larvae

DHF still become health problem in Indonesia. In Central Java, especially Sukoharjo district, Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) is still under national standard. Some factors that influence the existence of larvae are the level of income and knowledge about PSN. Consumerism triggered escalation amount of mosquito breeding sites due to ownership of non-degradable goods like plastic containers, paper cups, and so on. Consumerism is related to income. This study has purpose to determine corelation between income levels and knowledge about PSN with existence of Aedes aegypti larvae in Karangtengah Village. Designed with cross-sectional approach. The population were residences that has Family Card in Karangtengah Village with a total of 1660 households taken 65 households. The independent variable is the level of income and knowledge about PSN. Dependent variable is existence of larvae. Data analysis used Chi-Square test and contingency coefficient (C). The results showed income with the existence of larvae (container index) (p = 0.009, C = 0.308) and PSN knowledge in the presence of larvae (container index) (p = 0.005, C = 0.332). The results of data analysis show that there is a correlation between income and knowledge about PSN with the existence of larvae. This study showed there is a relationship between income and knowledge about PSN with the existence of larvae.

Quantification of microplastics by count, size and morphology in beverage containers using Nile Red and ImageJ

Abstract Abundant evidence of microplastics (MP) found in the environment, and its toxicity effect in animals calls for human-related research. However, well-established quantitative controlled studies on the potential route of human exposure to MP are still sparse. MP count, size and morphology in 15 polylactic acid (PLA)-lined plastic cups and 15 PLA-lined paper cups were examined using Nile Red fluorescence tagging, microscopic photography, and morphology assessment and quantification based on ImageJ. In the plastic cups, the count and area of MP fibers were found to be significantly higher compared with blanks (p < 0.05), but not MP particles or total MP. In paper cups, count or area was not significantly different in terms of MP particle, MP fibers or total MP. No interesting trend was observed in the distribution regarding the size of MP particles or fibers. These results indicate that selected paper cups and plastic cups could be considered as safe beverage containers, but further research on the toxicological effects of MPs in different morphologies released from plastic cups on human health is needed.

Laser based visualization of plumes evolving from circular orifice: Effect of orifice orientation

The present paper is about Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and its visualization using laser-based techniques. The smoke is produced by burning an incense material which acts as a tracer. The flow field is illuminated by a pointer laser by making a laser sheet for recording the image. The images were recorded using a digital mobile camera and were used for further assessment. The flow field shows the evolution of plume from the paper cup, the formation of Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices, and its transition to turbulent flows.

Experimental Investigation of Diesel Engine by using Paper Cup Waste as the Producer Gas with help of Down-Draft Gasifier

For the past few years, the generation of the solid waste was increasing which makes the environment pollution. In such solid waste products are reused by waste management process like gasifier. The solid waste products majorly dump into the municipal wastages, the paper cup waste was regular waste from the municipalities in such waste was regular in practice. Recycling of paper cups is not easy because it has a paraffin or polyethylene plastic and also need 150 years to degrade. So far focus on the recycling of paper cup waste, which was treated to the downdraft gasifier when the producer gas formed by means of supplying compressed air to the gasifier, After that the producer gas pass with inlet air into to the combustion chamber. In this project deals the analysis of paper cup waste which characterized by using TGA, CHN analysis and also evaluated the performance of CI engine.

Effect of CuSO4 on the growth of Brassica juncea L.

Seeds of Black Mustard (Brassica juncea) were sowed in a paper cup with copper sulfate at different concentration. This experiment aimed to determine the effect of the variation in concentration of copper sulphate on the germination and growth of seeds of Brassica juncea. We wanted to establish which is the highest concentration of copper that the seeds of Black Mustard can tolerate. Seedlings growth investigation and measurements were made after 5 days. The seed germination rate was low to no for the high concentration and for control that increased dramatically with the decrease in concentration. At high concentration, no growth was seen.

Microplastics and other harmful substances released from disposable paper cups into hot water

Disposable paper cups are popular for consuming beverages. These paper cups have an interior that is laminated with a hydrophobic film made of mostly plastic (polyethylene) and sometimes of copolymers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degradation of these films as a result of exposure to hot water (85–90 °C). Due to deterioration of the films, ions like fluoride, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate were released into the water contained in the paper cups. Microplastic particles leaching into the liquid were identified and quantified. Fluorescence microscopy indicated the release of approximately 25,000 micron-sized microplastic particles into one cup of hot water in 15 min (100 ml) while scanning electron micrographs indicate 102 + 21.1 × 106 sub-micron-sized particles/ml into the same volume of liquid. Toxic heavy metals like Pb, Cr, and Cd were detected in the films which can be transferred into hot water. Elemental analysis shows a decrease in the percentage of elements like C, H, and N (by weight) due to exposure to hot water. Ingestion of microplastics, ions, and heavy metals regularly while consuming our daily dose of hot beverages like tea and coffee can expose us to potential health risks in the future.

Effect of hydrothermal hot-compression method on the antimicrobial performance of green building materials from heterogeneous cellulose wastes

Microbiomes in the built environment is an emerging topic of high-relevance, as biodeterioration and biodegradation of porous and polymer materials may be major public health risk factors. Epidemiological studies have confirmed indoor airborne microorganisms and their metabolites cause significant toxic immune reactions, with clinical effects associated with more than 60% of occupants’ chronic infections. The present study reports the potential inhibitory effect on microbial and fungal colonization of hydrothermal hot-compression for the manufacture of a series of novel cellulose-based panels engineered for insulating building applications. This method was examined as it is a green manufacturing technique which simultaneously self-bonds the cellulose fibres, as well as potentially having an anti-microbial effect. The technique renders the novel materials non-toxic, additive-free, biodegradation resistant, as well as increasing the recyclability potential of the materials at their end-of-life. Prototypes were formulated from three cellulosic materials sourced from complex post-consumer coffee industry heterogeneous waste stream ─jute textile, paper cups, and coffee grounds─ holding initially high-levels of microbiological contamination. The raw materials were characterized with Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Microbial species were identified using culture-dependent and culture-independent DNA quantitative methods for the raw materials, as well as the processed panels. The experimental results confirmed a high-level of bacterial and fungal contamination with ubiquitous environmental bacteria such as Bacillus, Burkholderia, and Stenotrophomonas species for the Jute textile and Paper cup fibres. However, the microbes were minimized or non-detectable for all three processed panel samples. This promising result demonstrates that complex cellulosic waste materials can be converted to low-microbial biomass potential industrial feedstock for the green manufacturing of building materials.

Micropropagation of Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wight & arn.: An endemic and endangered semi-evergreen tree species of the Western Ghats, India

Syzygium densiflorum Wall. ex Wight & Arn. is one among the vulnerable tree species growing in the selected forest areas of the Western Ghats, India. The habitat of this tree species is being altered due to overexploitation, pressure from exotic weeds, reproductive inefficiency, microbial infection on the leaves and other problems associated. Although, this species has been included under IUCN redlist as Vulnerable (B1+2C). A study has been attempted to develop a micropropagation protocol for Syzygium densiflorum with Woody plant medium, B5 medium and Murashige skoog medium supplemented by various concentrations (0.5–2.5 mg/l) of BAP, Kn, 2,4-D, IAA and IBA alone and various combinations. The highest number of shoots (7.7 ± 0.08) was obtained from nodal explant on woody plant medium containing 1.5 mg/l BAP with 1.5 mg/l IBA achieved. The highest number of roots (3.83±0.53) and root length (3.4 ± 0.05 cm) were obtained in half strength woody plant medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/1 IBA. The rooted plantlets were successfully hardened in the paper cups containing 1:1 ratio of sand and soil and successfully transferred to field condition. About 58.5% of the saplings were survived in the natural condition.

Courtyard as Tropical Hot Humid Passive Design Strategy: Case Study of Indonesian Contemporary Houses in Surabaya Indonesia

Courtyard in building contributes to indoor thermal environment. Courtyard element is commonly applied as passive cooling strategy in the design of boarding house in Indonesia. Courtyard has a potential aspect of being micro climate-modifier to reduce indoor air temperature during the day. This paper discusses the effects of courtyards on indoor thermal environment in Indonesian contemporary boarding houses using field measurement. This paper focuses on the indoor air temperature reduction of 5 courtyard houses design of the contemporary boarding house in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The field experiment method was used for two physical environmental variables: the air temperature and relative humidity. Each sensor was shaded with a paper cups wrapped with the aluminum foil to prevent the effect of direct thermal radiation. Measurement was taken for approximately 23 days continuously in each building. The results of the measurement exposed that the form and enclosure element is pivotal in its thermal environment design consideration for tropical climate. Meanwhile, utilizing ventilation blocks as the primary enclosure also help reduce air temperature in hot-humid climates. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures in the courtyard and surrounding room were approximately 0.3-1.7°C lower than the outdoor air temperature during daytime. During night-time, indoor air temperatures inside swing to 0.8-1.9°C higher than the outdoor. The results of the thermal environment evaluation revealed that indoor air temperatures can be categorized as a neutral temperature of the measurement period. Therefore, the application of courtyards in contemporary boarding houses have proven as possible means of achieving sufficient cooling effects through full-day ventilation strategy, and showed improved performance when combined with ventilated blocks.

Cellulolytic bacteria isolation, screening and optimization of enzyme production from vermicompost of paper cup waste

In the current scenario, used paper cups are disposed of without any proper treatment, thereby damaging the environment. Hence, the vermicomposting technique is preferred for managing these wastes. The ability of bacterial strains on cellulase enzyme (Endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase) production at altered pH and temperatures were focused in this study. Among nine bacterial strains Acinetobacter baumannii was found to have high enzyme activity. HPLC analysis confirms that about 45% of cellulose degradation occurred due to the action of bacterial consortia at 37 °C with pH 7. The overall period required for degradation takes only three months with the help of bacterial consortia while comparing to our previous study, which takes six months. The insilico study on three cellulose-degrading enzymes sequence were retrieved from NCBI, and analysed for multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction. From the analysis, the endoglucanase SVK46152 (Acinetobacter baumannii) sequence got docked with cellopentaose with a high score value −11.07. Thereby we confirm that organism Acinetobacter baumannii was effective in paper cup degradation.