Abstract
Courtyard in building contributes to indoor thermal environment. Courtyard element is commonly applied as passive cooling strategy in the design of boarding house in Indonesia. Courtyard has a potential aspect of being micro climate-modifier to reduce indoor air temperature during the day. This paper discusses the effects of courtyards on indoor thermal environment in Indonesian contemporary boarding houses using field measurement. This paper focuses on the indoor air temperature reduction of 5 courtyard houses design of the contemporary boarding house in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The field experiment method was used for two physical environmental variables: the air temperature and relative humidity. Each sensor was shaded with a paper cups wrapped with the aluminum foil to prevent the effect of direct thermal radiation. Measurement was taken for approximately 23 days continuously in each building. The results of the measurement exposed that the form and enclosure element is pivotal in its thermal environment design consideration for tropical climate. Meanwhile, utilizing ventilation blocks as the primary enclosure also help reduce air temperature in hot-humid climates. The results showed that the indoor air temperatures in the courtyard and surrounding room were approximately 0.3-1.7°C lower than the outdoor air temperature during daytime. During night-time, indoor air temperatures inside swing to 0.8-1.9°C higher than the outdoor. The results of the thermal environment evaluation revealed that indoor air temperatures can be categorized as a neutral temperature of the measurement period. Therefore, the application of courtyards in contemporary boarding houses have proven as possible means of achieving sufficient cooling effects through full-day ventilation strategy, and showed improved performance when combined with ventilated blocks.
Highlights
The energy crisis has become a serious problem in the present and the future so that energy efficiency in all fields, especially buildings are the main concern of research in the field of architecture [1]
The results show that indoor thermal conditions can be increased through a courtyard which functions as an air chimney that emits hot air indoors through the air stream
The results indicated that with the application of courtyard, the indoor air temperatures were approximately lower than the outdoor air temperature by 4.9-7.3 °C during 12.00 h
Summary
The energy crisis has become a serious problem in the present and the future so that energy efficiency in all fields, especially buildings are the main concern of research in the field of architecture [1]. One of the most significant contributors to energy consumption per year is the housing sector, and it increases sharply every year, so there is a growing awareness among architects to develop low energy design strategies [2]. This low-energy movement is focused on finding effective passive strategies to reduce building energy consumption, increase energy awareness for users, and provide a comfortable environment. The strategy to lower air temperature levels in the hot-humid climate could be taken through building element utilization, such as the use of the courtyard
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