Papaya Plants Research Articles

Productivity of grafted papaya growing under open environment in the Mexican pacific

ABSTRACT The phytosanitary problems and the complex floral biology influence the fruit quality and productivity of papaya. Use of grafting mitigates adverse aspects, becoming a complementary activity of crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic behaviour of grafted papaya plants. Two experiments were carried out. In the first experiment, the treatments were derived from six rootstock/scion combinations and four controls, based on commercial genotypes. In the second experiment, four rootstocks and two genotypes formed eight rootstock/scion treatments, and two controls were used. The morphological variables as well as the qualitative and productive variables of fruits were recorded. Results showed that plant height was maintained or reduced in some treatments, whereas stem girth and leaf numbers in grafted treatments were increased. The fruit quality was not influenced by grafting. In the productivity, the grafted plants showed higher fruit production. For an example, the Rootstock 'MSXJ' × Scion 'Maradona' and the Rootstock 'BS2' × Scion 'Maradol'>40 kg · plant−1 and almost 9 kg · m–2, respectively; and the Rootstock 'Robusta' × Scion 'Maradol' treatment was higher than the other treatments, reaching 38.39 kg · plant–1 and 8.53 kg · m–2, in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Grafting on papaya positively changed the morphological variables, increased the number of fruits per plant in grafted plant treatments, as well as yield per area, surpassing controls by 25% and 22% in both experiments, respectively.

Effect of immune elicitors on the incubation period and disease incidence of PRSV infected plants of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. red lady at the seedling stage

Effect of immune elicitors on the incubation period and disease incidence of PRSV infected plants of papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. red lady at the seedling stage

Anticancer Activity of Phytochemicals of the Papaya Plant Assessed: A Narrative Review.

Cancer remains to be a pervasive disease as traditional treatments have plateaued in efficacy. Anticancer research continues to grow in an effort to find novel preventive and treatment measures for cancers. The papaya plant produces several biologically active phytochemicals, which exhibit anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-oxidative properties. This review explores studies examining these phytochemicals derived from the papaya plant as a potential chemopreventive agent and a cancer therapeutic. Further studies must be done to establish the papaya plant and its phytochemicals as an alternative to traditional cancer treatments.

Effectiveness of A Combination of Kitolod Leaves (Laurentia longiflora), Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya), and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) as Candidates for Biocides on Bactrocera Pests in Citrus sinensis Plants

Bactrocera is a pest that is detrimental to citrus farming. Bactrocera attacks cause developmental disorders in citrus fruit, including changes in fruit color (black spots appear from Bactrocera infection) and premature rot. Bactrocera also has a symbiotic relationship with Liberibacter asiaticus which causes Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) disease which attacks phloem tissue in citrus plants. Bactrocera pest control was carried out by combining plants that have the potential to be used as biocides, namely kitolod, papaya, and lemongrass plants. This combination was used to switch the habits of fruit farmers who previously used synthetic pesticides to control pests. Natural biocides are expected to have the same effectiveness as synthetic pesticides, but leave no residue on cultivated plants. A combination biocide from the three plants was made using the maceration method to obtain an infusion from each plant. Before being tested on Citrus plantations, an assay was carried out using an olfactometer to determine the effectiveness of the biocides. The research revealed that the combination of these three plants has the potential to be used as a natural biocide without leaving residueand causing damage or other developmental disorders to citrus plants.

First report of Erwinia papayae associated with papaya mushy canker disease in Guam.

Carica papaya (papaya) in Guam, USA may experience soft rot symptoms, often referred to as mushy canker disease. Disease symptoms first appear as expanding water-soaked dark-green stem lesions or leaf spotting with chlorotic halos. Defoliation at petiole-stem junctions and crown necrosis leads to plant death. Papaya diseases caused by Erwinia spp. are documented in nearby tropic regions such as the Northern Mariana Islands (Trujillo and Schroth 1982), the Philippines (Dela Cueva et al. 2017), Japan (Hanagasaki et al. 2020), and Indonesia (Suharjo et al., 2021). The pathogen was isolated from symptomatic papaya stem sections (cv. Red Lady) from a nursery at the University of Guam Agriculture and Life Sciences building in April 2023. Approximately 20% of seedlings collapsed from stem soft rot, with nearly all plants showing varying degrees of water-soaked lesions on leaves or stems. Stem tissue from lesion margins was excised, surface sterilized with 70% EtOH, and macerated in sterile water. Macerate was plated onto nutrient agar (NA) and incubated at 28°C, yielding colonies that were clear to white in color, smooth, circular and mucoid on NA plates for five suspect isolates (JGD231-235). Strains produced blue diffusible pigment on King's B (KB) media, were Gram-negative rods, and exhibited swimming motility on semi-solid (0.5% agar) NA plates. Crown stab inoculation of ten papaya plants (cv. Red Lady) with isolates resulted in mushy canker symptoms within seven days, while negative control plants stabbed with a sterile probe remained asymptomatic. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by drench-inoculating spontaneous rifampicin-resistant (100µg/ml) mutants, JGD233r and JGD235r, onto ten papaya plants (cv. Solo Sunrise). Nine days post-inoculation, bacterial strains were recovered from symptomatic stem tissue macerate plated on rifampicin (100µg/ml) NA and incubated at 28°C. No symptoms or bacterial cells were recovered from the tissue of negative control plants. Cell morphology, culture phenotypes, and disease symptoms suggested the isolates were Erwinia spp., and blue pigment production on KB further suggested E. papayae (Gardan et al. 2004). Partial 16S rDNA sequences of Guam strains JGD231-235 (sequenced using PCR forward primer 5' - AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG - 3' and reverse primer 5' - GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT - 3', GENEWIZ (South Plainfield, NJ)) were deposited into GenBank (OR577627- 631). Highest NCBI BLAST results for all strains showed a 16S rDNA sequence identity of 98.17-98.91% with those of Erwinia sp. I-leaf (LC590218) and E. mallotivora BT-MARDI (HQ456230). A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on concatenated partial atpD, infB, and rpoB sequences of strains JGD232 (PP669340, PP669346, PP669343), JGD233 (PP669341, PP669347, PP669344), and JGD235 (PP669342, PP669348, PP669345) (Brady et al. 2008) constructed using MEGA11 (Tamura et al. 2021) showed all strains formed a monophyletic group with Erwinia sp. I-leaf (Hanagasaki et al. 2020) and E. papayae NCPPB 4294T (Gardan et al. 2004), supported with 98% bootstrap. This note documents the first occurrence of E. papayae as a papaya pathogen in Guam. Papaya cultivation supports sustainable food security for Guam (Bevacqua and Sayama 2023), and Erwinia spp. pathogens threaten papaya on other Pacific islands like Hawaii. These findings convey the need for effective quarantine practices, local disease management, and further research on this pathogen.

Genetic Variability and Evolutionary Dynamics of Papaya Ringspot Virus and Papaya Leaf Distortion Mosaic Virus Infecting Feral Papaya in Hainan Island.

The commercialized genetically modified (GM) papaya cultivars have protected papaya from the devastating disease caused by papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). However, papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus (PLDMV), which causes similar infection symptoms but is serologically distinct from PRSV, was found as a competitive threat to the papaya industry. Our study surveyed the occurrence of PRSV and PLDMV as well as the transgenic markers of the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV 35S) and the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) gene in feral papaya plants, which were found frequently growing outside of cultivated papaya fields on Hainan Island. In total, 123 feral papayas, comprising 62 (50.4%) GM plants and 61 (49.6%) non-GM ones, were sampled. Among them, 23 (18.7%) were positive for PRSV, 49 (39.8%) were positive for PLDMV, including 5 plants co-infected by PRSV and PLDMV, and 56 (45.5%) plants were free of either virus. In traditional papaya growing regions, we detected fewer PRSV-infected plants (2 in 33, 6%) than in other regions (21 in 90, 23%). But overall, whether transgenic or not made no significance in PRSV incidence (P=0.230), with 9 PRSV-infected plants among 62 GM papayas and 14 among 61 non-GM papayas. Phylogenetic and genetic differentiation analysis showed a clear correlation between PRSV and PLDMV populations and their geographical origins. Negative selection was estimated for the selected gene regions of both viruses. Notably, PLDMV has deviated from neutral evolution and experienced population expansion, exhibiting increased genetic diversity and is becoming the predominant threat to papaya in Hainan.

Exploring the extraction, functional properties, and industrial applications of papain from Carica papaya.

Papain a protease enzyme naturally present in the Carica papaya has gained significant interest across several industries due to its unique properties and versatility. The unique structure of papain imparts the functionality that assists in elucidating how papain enzyme works and making it beneficial for a variety of purposes. This review highlights recent advancements in papain extraction techniques to enhance production efficiency to meet market demand. The extraction of papain from the Carica papaya plant offers various advantages such as cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, safety, and the ability to withstand a wide range of pH and temperature conditions. Key findings reveal that non-conventional papain extraction techniques offer significant advantages in terms of efficiency, product quality, and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, papain treatment enhances the value of final products due to its anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-obesity properties. The ability of papain to hydrolyze a wide range of proteins across various conditions makes it a suitable protease enzyme. While the study emphasizes the advantages of papain, the study also acknowledges limitations such as the continuous research and development to optimize extraction processes which will help unlock papain's potential and meet the growing demand. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Integrated Nutrient Management of Papaya (Carica papaya L.): Application of Microbial Consortium Enriched Organic Manures for Yield and Fruit Quality Enhancement

An experiment was undertaken to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of papaya under Kerala conditions. The trial was conducted in RBD. Papaya variety used for the study was Surya with ten treatments. The results revealed that the applications of microbial consortium enriched organic manures in papaya plants (NPK (25 %) as PGPR mix-1 enriched vermicompost along with N, P and K 75% of recommended dose of fertilizers fertilizers ( 240 N: 240 P2O5: 480 K2O (g plant-1) + 10 kg FYM) resulted in the highest number of fruit production, enhanced fruit weight , total fruit yield per plant. It also resulted in the production of fruits with highest fruit length, girth, pulp percentage and flesh thickness. Fruit quality characters like high TSS, less acidity, higher carotenoid content, ascorbic acid content, highest total sugar content and reducing sugar content were enhanced in papaya. Organoleptic characters of fruit were also enhanced by adopting integrated nutrient management in papaya . Papaya being an important fruit crop of Kerala gaining importance nowadays. Integrated nutrient management (INM) involves efficient and judicious supply of all major and micro components of plant nutrients including local available resources on sustainable basis. Papaya is known to be a heavy feeder of nutrients (NPK) and information regarding the effect of INM is more important

Pengaruh Bokashi Limbah Kulit Kopi pada Bibit Pepaya (Caraca Papaya L.) Calina

This study aimed to determine the effect of the proportion of coffee peel bokashi in the planting medium on the growth of papaya plant seedlings (Carica papaya L.) cv Calina. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture Screenhouse on Jalan Perjuangan, Cirebon City, at an altitude of 5 m above sea level. The research was conducted from May 2022 to June 2022. The experimental method used with a completely randomized design. The treatment consisted of 4 proportions of bokashi in the planting media, each of which was repeated 6 times so that there were 24 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 10 polybags. The total papaya plant seeds used were 240 seeds. The treatments studied were: K0 = top soil, K1 = 250 g bokashi + 1 kg soil, K2 = 500 g bokashi + 1 kg soil, and K3 = 750 g bokashi + 1 kg soil. The results showed that the proportion of coffee peel waste bokashi significantly affected the growth of papaya plants. Using 500 g coffee skin waste bokashi in 1 kg of soil had the best effect on plant height, stem diameter, plant growth rate, number of leaves, root volume, root length, root ratio, and net assimilation rate. Keywords: coffee peel, bokashi, papaya

Supplementation of papaya leaf extract in drinking water to optimize broiler chicken carcass production

Abstract The papaya plant (Carica papaya Linn.) is regarded as an alternative option that is believed to have the potential to reduce fat accumulation in broiler chickens. In society, papaya leaves are well-known as ingredients in traditional medicine due to their content of alkaloid compounds and proteolytic enzymes, namely papain and chymopapain, which play a significant role in digestion and facilitate intestinal activity. The impact of adding Papaya Leaf Extract (PLE) to drinking water on parameters such as final body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat weight, and abdominal fat percentage is sought to be assessed in this study. Eighty-seven-day-old chicks, irrespective of gender, constitute the subjects of the research. Commercial feed, papaya leaves, research facilities and equipment, and manual and digital scales are utilized in the study. An experimental approach with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) is followed in the research methodology. Five treatments, each repeated four times, are included in the study: T0 (control with 1 liter of drinking water), T1 (T0 + 5 ml of PLE), T2 (T0 + 15 ml of PLE), T3 (T0 + 25 ml of PLE), and T4 (T0 + 35 ml of PLE). Chicken slaughtering is performed after 35 days of rearing, with samples taken randomly from pens 1-20 and subsequently processed, adhering to Islamic principles. Measured parameters include final body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat weight, and abdominal fat percentage. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in a Completely Randomized Design is employed for data analysis. The research findings suggest that providing papaya leaf extract to broiler chickens up to 35 days of age does not significantly affect final body weight, carcass weight, carcass percentage, abdominal fat weight, or abdominal fat percentage. Based on the results obtained from the broiler chicken carcass production in this study, the administration of PLE to broiler chickens can be conducted.

Virus Infected Papaya Plants Differentially affects Oxidative Stress and Survival in Caenorhabditis elegans

Carica papaya (papaya) leaves has significant nutraceutical properties. However, it is speculated that papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV) and papaya ring spot virus (PRSV) can severely affect the therapeutic properties and alter the overall nutraceutical potential of papaya leaves. Therefore, we evaluated the bioactivity of the virus infected papaya leaves extract (PLE) compared to healthy PLE in C. elegans. Viruses infection were confirmed by visual inspection and PCR based detection. Anatomical changes and elemental analysis were analyzed through SEM-EDS. PLE were tested for life span extension and ROS scavenging activity on C. elegans. Infected leaves displayed typical symptoms of curling, distortion and anatomical analysis revealed closed and less number of stomata. Healthy PLE extended (24%) the life span of C. elegans with no significant change in ROS generation while in PaLCuV and PRSV infected PLE, were observed to have significant reduction in the mean life span of 15.4% and 17% with 1.2-fold and 1.9-fold increase in ROS generation.

Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel dan Spray Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)

Introduction: Acne is a psychological problem that is most frequently experienced from puberty through maturity. The papaya plant (Carica papaya L.), which has antibacterial activities present in the papaya seeds. The bioactive substances found in papaya seeds, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, proteins, carbohydrates, tocopherols, and carotenoids, are what provide seeds the antibacterial activities Objective: This research compares the effectiveness of papaya seed ethanol extract against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria in gel and spray dose forms. . Methods: This study is an experimental lab experiment that uses 96% ethanol as a solvent and the maceration method of extraction. Results: The concentration of the gel preparation in this study was 5% (F1)with resistance diameter 15.5, namely strong antibacterial activity, 10% (F2)with an inhibitory diameter of 16.5 mm, which has strong antibacterial activity, dan 15% (F3)with an inhibitory diameter of 15.3 mm, namely strong antibacterial activity, positive control with a diameter of 27.5 mm, namely very strong antibacterial activity. On preparationspray has an inhibition zone of 0 mm, positive control 24 mm and negative control 0 mm. The resulting extract was initially tested for phytochemicals using the tube method to guarantee the quality of the extract. Organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion were among the physical qualities of gel and spray preparations that were assessed.Clindamycin served as the positive control in an antibacterial activity test against Propionibacterium acnes utilizing the well diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar (MHA) media. According to the results of the phytochemical screening, the papaya seed ethanol extract included bioactive substances as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Physical property evaluation produced results that complied with the criteria for the organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion tests. Conclusion: Based on this research, it can be concluded that the inhibitory power of EEBP in gel preparations is better than in gel preparation spray because the results in the gel preparation category have a stronger average.

Thiamethoxam Residuality in Papaya Plant and Fruit (Carica papaya Linnaeus) Cultivated in Rotation with Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

There is evidence of the high use of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam, in tropical crops, for its effectiveness in the control of soil and plant pests. The objective of this study was to know the residuality and concentration of thiamethoxam in the papaya agroecosystem, in the main papaya fruit producing zone in the central area of the Gulf of Mexico. It was carried out during a papaya growing cycle with watermelon rotation; the taking of samples was according to the technique established by the NOM -AA-103-1988 for leaves and for fruit the NMX -FF-041- 1996 by the method of quartering in papaya and watermelon, the samples were analyzed with a HPLC-UV, the data obtained were statistically analyzed by parametric and non-parametric Kruskal- Wallis tests. The presence of thiamethoxam was found in papaya and watermelon cultivation plants, the concentrations in papaya leaves reported a maximum value of 0.29 mg/kg, while for the leaves of the watermelon rotation fruit it was 0.15 mg/kg. In papaya fruit, thiamethoxam concentrations are within a range of 0.24 to 0.32 mg/kg. The concentrations and residuality of thiamethoxam mainly exceed the maximum tolerance and residuality limits of the EFSA and FAO.

Evaluation of Bio-Stimulants for Active Growth, Yield and Shelf Life of Papaya cv. Red Lady

Bio-stimulants, which are natural substances aiding plant growth and resilience, are comprised of various organic and mineral compounds, serving as eco-friendly tools for sustainable farming. The research study was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Agriculture at Lovely Professional University in Phagwara, Punjab, during the years 2023-24. The study employed a randomized block design with seven treatments replicated three times. Bio-stimulants were sprayed at 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after planting (DAP) on papaya plants cv. Red Lady to evaluate its effect on various growth, quality and shelf-life parameters. Various growth parameters including plant height, stem girth, canopy spread, petiole length of leaves, as well as floral characteristics such as days taken for flowering, height at initial flowering, number of flowers per node, fruit set percentage and yield-related parameters were evaluated. The study found significant effects of different bio-stimulant applications on papaya growth, flower and fruit production, fruit quality and shelf-life. Treatment T4 (RDF + Diatomaceous earth) showed notable improvements in growth parameters, while treatment T5 (RDF + Panchgavya) resulted in enhanced productivity, fruit quality and shelf-life. Overall, the study suggests that the application of Diatomaceous earth alongside fertilizers promotes vegetative growth, while Panchgavya application enhances flowering, fruiting and quality attributes, offering insights for optimizing papaya cultivation practices for improved yield and quality.

Effect of Different Plant Growth Regulators on Seed Germination, Seedling Growth and Establishment of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) c.v. Taiwan-7

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P)-211007, India during year 2023-24. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Design (RBD). There were Ten treatments including control replicated three times in which growing media such as pond soil, vermicompost, and Plant growth regulators mixed in various percentages. The different levels of plant growth regulators Such as GA3, NAA and BA with different compositions in different combinations showed positive responses on the physical quality attributes of the papaya plant. The maximum values of physical quality characteristics of papaya plant like Survival percentage (90.68) number of germination days (10.01), germination percentage (90.01), number of leaves (10.46), plant height (12.76 cm), leaf area (38.4 cm2) and chlorophyll content (52.84), Number of primary roots (10.46), number of secondary roots(27.68) and stem diameter (3.85 cm) were recorded in T3 (GA3 with 150 ppm) and followed by the treatment T6 (NAA with 150 ppm) while, minimum values of these characters maximum value of physical parameter was recorded in control treatment (T0). From the present investigation it is concluded that treatment (T3) Performed best in terms of growth parameters followed by (T6) and (T9). The maximum B:C ratio (2.02) was also observed in the same treatment i.e. (T3).

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PEPAYA CALIFORNIA (Carica papaya L) DI DESA BATI-BATI KECAMATAN BATI-BATI KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

The aim of this research is technically to find out how to cultivate papaya plants and financially to find out the costs, receipts and income from papaya farming in Bati-Bati Village, Bati-Bati District. The research method used is a case study. The research results showed that the amount of explicit costs consisting of input costs, labor outside the family, rental costs and depreciation was IDR 53,460,416. Total receipts amounted to Rp. 216,000,000,- and total income of IDR 162,539,584

Identification of phytoplasmas associated with Bunchy Top disease of papaya in Colima, Mexico

Phytoplasmas, rickettsiae and viruses have been detected in papaya plants with Bunchy Top disease (BT). In 2019, papaya plants with BT-like symptoms were observed in agroecosystems of Colima, Mexico. In order to determine the BT-associated phytoplasmas species or subgroups, asymptomatic and symptomatic plants were collected from papaya agroecosystems in four papaya producer municipalities, as well as papaya-associated weeds and insects. Phytoplasma detection and identification was conducted by PCR, sequencing and phylogenetics of translocase subunit SecA (secA) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16Sr) genes, and PCR-RFLPs in vitro and in silico for 16Sr gene. In papaya, phytoplasma groups 16SrI (subgroup AF), 16SrX, and 16SrXIII were identified in 2.08% (4 out of 192) symptomatic samples. The results of RFLPs in silico analysis showing the presence of 16SrX and 16SrXIII (sub)groups. In papaya-associated weeds and insects, phytoplasmas of group 16SrI (subgroups AF and B) were identified in 1.7% (3 out of 174) and 1.1% (2 out of 185) evaluated samples, respectively. Phytoplasma-carrying weeds were Amaranthus palmeri and Echinochloa colona; positive insects were Micrutalis calva and Balclutha mexicana. It is the first time that phytoplasmas 16SrI-AF, 16SrX y 16SrXIII are associated with Bunchy Top disease of papaya in agroecosystems from Colima, Mexico. Phytoplasmas 16SrX y 16SrXIII are first reported in papaya plants at the world level and in Mexico, respectively. Phytoplasma-carrying weeds and insects are new records as natural reservoirs and potential vectors.

Nutritional and therapeutic potentials of Carica papaya Linn. seed: A comprehensive review

The health benefits and nutritional value of pawpaw or papaya (Carica papaya Linn.) are well established. The entire papaya plant—including the leaves, fruit, bark, root, juice, seeds and latex - is used for dietary, medicinal and other purposes. However, papaya seeds are the under-exploited part since they are typically seen as waste after the edible fruits have been processed and consumed. Hence, the aim of this review is to document the nutraceutical and therapeutic potential of Carica papaya seeds with a view of enhancing its prospect in drug development. The following title search criteria were used “Carica papaya” OR “Papaya” OR “Pawpaw OR C. papaya” AND “seed” OR “seed oil”; while “fruits OR leaves OR stem OR root OR juice OR latex” were excluded. The articles used for this research were limited to the original research articles and those written in English Language only. The seeds which are often seen as waste products offer countless possibilities for developing new nutritional supplements and medicines due to the huge vital micronutrients and a variety of secondary metabolites that have been reported to be embedded in them. Papaya seeds contain beneficial phytochemicals such as carotenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols and tocopherols. These substances, have intriguing nutraceutical qualities and are important in the treatment and amelioration of several medical disorders. Benzyl glucosinolates, caricin, fatty acids, crude fibre, carpaine, glucotropaeolin, benzyl isothiocyanate, crude protein, benzyl thiourea, hentriacontane, ß-sitostrol and enzymes (myrosinase and papain) were discovered as nutritional components in papaya seeds. Papaya seeds may be used medicinally as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antiulcerogenic, liver cirrhosis treatment and menstrual cycle modulation.

Optimization process for de-novo organogenesis and regeneration of transgenic papaya plants using leaf tissue as explants

Optimization process for de-novo organogenesis and regeneration of transgenic papaya plants using leaf tissue as explants

Rhizophagus irregularis and P Fertilization Induce Carica papaya Growth after the Acclimatization Phase

Carica papaya L. or “papaya” is a very important species in which many technological packages have been implemented, such as fertilization and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). However, no studies have been conducted to evaluate the interaction between phosphorous (P) fertilization and AMF in in vitro-propagated papaya plantlets after the acclimatization phase. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Rhizophagus irregularis and P on C. papaya growth. Papaya plants were propagated in vitro and received the treatments after taking root and being acclimatized for 15 days. The plants were inoculated with 0, 2, and 5 grams of R. irregularis and fertilized with 0, 30, and 60 ppm of P. Growth was evaluated after 45 days. All the analyzed shoot variables showed maximum growth when the plants were treated with 5 g of AMF and 60 ppm of P. Likewise, there was a significant increase in the number of leaves and leaf area index. In the root, the increase was higher in the fresh weight, but no statistical differences were found in its length. These results indicate that AMF and P are responsible for the increase in growth. Furthermore, the relatively high correlation between the percentage of mycorrhization and the other variables was not affected by the concentrations of P applied. The use of R. irregularis and P significantly increased the growth of C. papaya L. after the acclimatization phase.