Panel Buildings Research Articles

Thermal Performance and Building Energy Simulation of Precast Insulation Walls in Two Climate Zones

Traditional concrete buildings exhibit low energy consumption and high heat loss, which results in a larger environmental problem. Precast insulation walls are proposed for strengthening thermal insulation efficiency and mitigating heat loss. Numerous studies have investigated the thermal performance of insulation walls over the past decades. However, gaps remain in practical engineering applications. This study aims to bridge these gaps by providing practical design recommendations based on experimental research. Nine different types of precast insulation walls were tested to examine the thermal performance, and the parameters of the insulation material, insulation form, insulation layer thickness, and concrete rib width were investigated. Then, numerical models of these walls were developed for simulating the thermal performance of the tested specimens. Finally, a six-story student apartment model using designed walls was developed to assess energy consumption in two distinct climate zones: the hot summer and cold winter zone of Changsha City, and the cold zone of Harbin City. The results indicate that the precast insulation wall with external insulation form shows better thermal performance than the sandwich insulation form. It is recommended to use precast insulation walls with 50 mm extruded polystyrene (XPS) external thermal insulation form in Changsha City and 80 mm XPS external thermal insulation form in Harbin City. Furthermore, buildings using precast insulation walls can significantly reduce energy consumption by 49.25% in Changsha and 49.38% in Harbin compared to traditional concrete wall buildings. Based on these findings, suitable design suggestions for this precast concrete wall panel building composed of insulation walls are given.

Design features of the new system for reconstruction and renovation of large panel buildings

Design features of the new system for reconstruction and renovation of large panel buildings

ANALYSIS OF DESTRUCTIONS AND STRENGTHENING METHODS OF PRECAST REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOOR PANELS

Currently, there is a high demand in Ukraine for the rapid restoration of buildings destroyed and damaged as a result of Russian armed aggression, as most people, despite active shelling of cities (especially those close to combat zones) and consequent constant danger, want to return to their homes. Due to military aggression to over 160,000 buildings in Ukraine got extensive damage, with nearly 20,000 high-rise residential structures being built using large-panel construction. The challenges of restoration include unpredictable structural failures and the economic feasibility of repair methods.Recent studies on building restoration in Ukraine due to military damage have emerged only in recent years, with a focus on panel buildings being notably absent in international literature. Given the current situation, domestic research primarily addresses the inspection methodologies and classification of war-related damages, offering preliminary assessments but limited restoration recommendations. In this paper, the authors focused on the panel construction of Kharkiv city, as these buildings account for the most destruction among residential buildings. The assessment of damage to panel slabs of multi-story residential buildings focusing on the heavily affected North Saltivka district due to artillery shelling and rocket strikes is discussed. Despite occupying only 9 % of the area, residential buildings in North Saltivka sustained significant damage, with 70 % affected. Construction in the area consists mainly of precast concrete panel buildings of various heights and designs. Damage severity varies, ranging from minor cracks to complete structural failure, influencing repair and reinforcement strategies. The assessment involves on-site inspections and categorizes damage levels to determine the buildings' suitability for repair or replacement. Based on numerous inspections of panel buildings, in which the authors of the article directly participated, it was possible to identify a gradation of the degree of damage to the panels of multi-storey buildings. As a result of summarizing the obtained information, three categories of panels with acceptable damage for restoration were identified. An analysis of existing methods for reinforcing such structures allowed the selection of a prototype for detailed development of a structural solution to restore the load-bearing capacity of such panels. In the future, the authors of the article will focus on improving the described structural solution and developing a step-by-step technology for its implementation.

Panels of Cold-Formed Steel Profiles: Possibility of Their Use to Repair War-Damaged Large-Panel Buildings

Abstract In the paper, we present the results of an analysis of data samples of 282 damaged buildings; the samples include the age of the building, the type of vertical bearing structures, the type of construction of the external walls, the method of the insulation of the walls, the number of floors, the buildings’ functions, and the extent of the damage. The primary objective of the analysis was to evaluate the possibility of using panels of cold-formed thin-walled steel profiles to repair the damaged structures. The results of a study of typical projects of large panel buildings that were constructed in Ukraine and an analysis of the practical experience of repairing these types of buildings after blast actions can also be found. The research tasks are defined for implementing this technology in the process of repairing large panel buildings.

Walking With A Camera

In his work, the author primarily focuses on the urban landscape and its impacts on human life. His entire documentary work is linked by a unified authorial idea. In the “Jungle City” cycle, he works with the visual counterpart of the current form of the Bratislava metropolis, full of transportation routes, dense modern development, and concrete surfaces. The means to create unexpected views of the city for him are carefully selected locations on the urban peripheries surrounded by dense vegetation – trees and wild grasses. He thus achieves a completely new view of Bratislava, in which it returns to the wilderness. The project “Quiet Sunday Afternoons in the Town by the Refinery” is the author’s reflection on the impacts of industry in the rural surroundings. The focal point is the technical structure of an oil factory, which covers a significant part of an otherwise tranquil landscape of a small Austrian town. However, through austere visual expression, Korček delivers an urgent message about the adverse impact of the factory on the ecosystem. As part of the series “Here Is Our Paradise”, which unifies the theme of lawns and trees, Korček addresses the disruption of the stereotype of urban housing estates through the small self-help interventions of their residents. While walking with a camera, he supplements these plants with various found mixtures of folk interventions placed in front of panel buildings. In the “Searching” series, he adopts the position of an observer of urban movement, consisting of figures of pedestrians in narrow rays of the low-lying sun. This time he works in the environment of New York, but unlike the previous series, he does not specify this location, only utilizing its elemental potential. Korček does not work with photographic effects; he fully utilizes the poetics of the chosen locations. He skillfully works with perspective, multiple plans, or the selection of a location. Through their specific combination, he succeeds in creating authentic images of the location, in which we still find a lot of personal fantasy.

Modernization of Buildings of the First Mass Series

The research is devoted to the modernization of residential apartment buildings of the first mass series. The volumes of housing built in Soviet times are given. It is shown that with the saturation of the construction market in the construction industry, the emphasis should gradually shift from new construction towards the reconstruction of existing housing. To this end, a comprehensive program for the modernization of residential areas built up with buildings of the first mass series should be developed today. An example of the implementation of a detailed program abroad and a few experiences of modernization of panel buildings in Russia are shown. Specific measures that can be implemented within the framework of such a program are given. These include: the unification of neighboring apartments in order to increase the area and improve the functionality of the premises; the superstructure of additional floors; the addition of additional loggias, balconies and terraces to existing buildings; the reconstruction of the building in order to change its spatial planning solution; changing the architectural appearance of the building by decorating the facades with a simultaneous increase in the comfort level of the premises, increasing the sound, fire and thermal insulation functions of the building. The paper also describes the risks of implementing such projects and shows the sources of their financing.

Analysis of seismic resistance of large-panel multi-apartment residential buildings of series typical for the Kamchatka region

the analysis of the available information on the design seismic resistance of panel buildings erected in the Kamchatka Territory from 1969 to 1998 is presented. A comparison of seismic loads during the design years of these houses with the current ones was carried out. The data on the detected damages in structures were summarized, the most vulnerable elements of buildings were identified. 
 The seismic risk assessment for buildings of the widespread series 1-464 AC, 138c, 138k, 189 was 
 carried out. The formulated conclusions allow us to statistically assess the need for seismic reinforcement of buildings of these series and determine the direction of further research

COMBINED SLAB-PILE FOUNDATION

Solid reinforced concrete slab foundations are commonly employed in the construction of multi-story frame and panel buildings on natural grounds, as well as in industrial structures such assilos, elevators, chimneys, steel reactors, and more.One significant advantage of monolithic foundations is their ability to be used on weak and uneven ground bases. These foundations can distribute uneven loads over a considerable area, redistributingthem to equalize the inevitable differential settlements of individual foundations. On soft and uneven soils, slab foundations are not only used to mitigate deformations but also to protect against highgroundwater, creating what is known as a "floating" foundation.It has been demonstrated that the combined slab pile foundation (CSPF) is an effective development in the field of foundation construction. CSPF constitutes a foundation system comprising a "pile field – slab grillage – soil base," where piles bear a portion of the building load, and the slab grillage functions as a foundation slab. CSPF can be interpreted as a monolithic slab supported by piles of various types arranged in the form of a pile field, strips,clusters, or individual piles. Various types of piles, including "barrette" piles, can be used for CSPF foundations.Considering the soil resistance beneath the slab grillage in the deformation calculations and loadbearing capacity of combined slab-pile foundations provides a reserve for enhancing their economic efficiency. This includes reducing the number ofpiles, lowering the consumption of steel reinforcement, and decreasing the thickness of the grillage.However, the implementation of CSPF in construction is hindered by the limited theoretical research, necessary regulatory framework, and design experience for such structures.The determination of design parameters for CSPF is carried out using the method of successive approximations. By specifying the area of the slab grillage and defining the pile length and spacing, the number of piles in the foundation, the settlement ofan individual pile, and the design load on the pile are calculated (initially assuming that all piles bear 70-80% of the total load).

Bats of the Ostrava city and their synantropization

Abstract Based on the published findings (Koštejnová 2013, Slezáková 2014, Gajdošík 2020), unpublished data from museum specimens (2005 – 2013), and data from field surveys (2005 – 2023), a total of 13 bat species were recorded in the urban area of Ostrava in North Moravia. Common species in the area included Pipistrellus pipistrellus, Nyctalus noctula, Eptesicus serotinus, Myotis daubentonii, and Vespertilio murinus. P. pipistrellus was eudominant species (D = 74.41), followed by N. noctula (D = 11.41). E. serotinus was a subdominant species (D = 4.59), followed by M. daubentonii (D = 3.77) and V. murinus (D = 2.45). The occurrence of M. mystacinus/brandtii was recendent (D = 1.33), and the occurrence of M. nattereri (D = 0.51), E. nilssonii (D = 0.51), P. pygmaeus (D = 0.31), Plecotus auritus/austriacus (D = 0.31), Pipistrellus nathusii (D = 0.20), N. leisleri (D = 0.10), M. myotis (D = 0.10) and M. brandtii (D = 0.10) were subrecendent. In the summer season, eudominant species were P. pipistrellus (D = 76.84), followed by the N. noctula (D = 10.63), subdominant E. serotinus (D = 4.74), and M. daubentonii (D = 3.89), with M. mystacinus/brandtii being recendent (D = 1.37). In the winter season, eudominant species were V. murinus (D = 62.50), followed by the N. noctula (D = 34.38) and subdominant P. nathusii (D = 3.13). However, the species composition inside and outside buildings differed significantly. In the summer season, eudominant species inside buildings was P. pipistrellus (D = 99.57), followed by the subrecendent species V. murinus (D = 0.29) and M. daubentonii (D = 0.14). Outside buildings, N. noctula (D = 40.16) were eudominant, followed by E. serotinus (D = 17.72), P. pipistrellus (D = 14.17), and M. daubentonii (D = 14.17), with M. mystacinus/brandtii (D = 5.12) was dominant, and M. nattereri (D = 1.97), E. nilssonii (D = 1.97), P. pygmaeus (D = 1.18), and P. auritus/austriacus (D = 1.18) were recendent species. In the winter season, eudominant species inside buildings were V. murinus (D = 68.75), followed by N. noctula (D = 25.00), and the situation was very similar outside the buildings during this period, with eudominant V. murinus (D = 56.25) and N. noctula (D = 43.75). Two roosts of the maternity colonies P. pipistrellus were recorded in city buildings: in Výškovice, Lumírova 10, in a expansion joint near the balcony on the top floor of a panel residential building; and in Zábřeh, Plzeňská 2617/4 and Plzeňská 2617/6, in expansion joints on the top floors of an old panel building used as a hostel and apartment building.

Pengaplikasian Material Aluminium Composite Panel pada Perancangan Apartemen dan Soho di Kota Surabaya

The demand for residential space continues to increase with the amount of growth in a city. This is something that is experienced by large cities such as Surabaya. The demand for residential and office space for local residents and migrants is due to the increasing number of national and multinational companies operating in the city of Surabaya. The use of technology in the creation of building materials is one of the positive impacts that can be felt due to the rapid influence of modernization and globalization. The use of ACP material with a variety of materials and colors and ease of application in workmanship. Aluminum composite panel (ACP) building facade is a combination of aluminum panels and composite materials. This building material is made of polyethylene coated with aluminum panels on both sides. Aluminum composite panel itself is a rigid and sturdy sheet but with a relatively light weight. This building material is used to line the exterior or interior walls of the building. Because this material is available in metallic and non-metallic colors, it can add an artistic and luxurious impression to the building facade. The use of ACP material used on the facade of this building has various advantages such as variations in thickness, strength and brightness and attractive facade patterns.

Study of the influence of the rigidity of the above-ground structures of the panel house on the stress-deformed state of the pile foundation

A study of the influence of the rigidity of the above-ground structures of a nine-story panel building on the stress-deformed state of its pile foundation was carried out.
 For the study, several models of the house with the same above-ground parts were created, which differed from each other in terms of the construction scheme of the basement floor: monolithic reinforced concrete or prefabricated reinforced concrete, the load-bearing walls also change: along the letter or numerical coordination axes.
 The main advantage of panel houses is that their construction (arrangement) takes significantly less time than the construction of a similar house with the same area and building volume, but with a different structural scheme (wall or with the use of a monolithic reinforced concrete frame).
 Numerical modeling of panel buildings, namely the joints in the places where prefabricated reinforced concrete elements are joined, is difficult for engineers, because numerical modeling can be performed in several ways, which were given and described in the work [1].
 The stress-deformation state of the pile foundation (longitudinal forces in the piles, bending moments in the raft) and normal stresses in the vertical load-bearing elements of the basement with different structural schemes of the basement floor and different load-bearing walls were analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative changes in the bending moments in the rat were revealed, the same differences were found in the stresses of the vertical bearing elements of the basement.
 The analysis of the bending moments in the raft made it possible to identify and investigate the influence of the stiffness of the basement floor structures on the stressed-deformed state of the pile foundation (rafts). The effect of vertical seams between wall panels on bending moments in the grid was revealed. The effect of the vertical seam between the wall panels is manifested in the fact that the values of the bending moments change both quantitatively (increased by several times) and qualitatively. The use of monolithic structures as basement walls leads to a more smooth curve of bending moments in the raft.

Modeling and calculation of panel buildings made of cross-laminated timber

Buildings made using cross-laminated timber have become widespread over the last decade. The experience of designing and operating such buildings of various functional purposes confirms the expediency of their construction and use. This article provides a solution to the problem of modeling and calculating panel houses made of cross-laminated timber using the finite element method using the given mechanical characteristics of the material. The possibility of modeling and calculating panel buildings made of cross-laminated timber using the finite element method with the use of flat finite elements, taking into account the orthotropic properties of the material, under the condition of using the reduced modulus of elasticity according to the previously proposed method and adjusting Poisson's coefficients, in such a way as to maintain the condition of existence of elastic potential. The algorithm for modeling panel buildings made of cross-laminated timber using the finite element method as a system "soil base-foundation-above-ground structure system" is given.

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMERGENCY DESTRUCTIONS ON ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THEIR CONSEQUENCES

Problem. Accidental destruction of construction objects occurs due to sudden external and internal influences of manmade and natural origin. Domestic gas explosions are the most common among emergency situations that lead to accidental destruction of residential buildings. Among the objects damaged by the explosion of the gasair mixture, a significant share is occupied by largepanel buildings. To develop measures for temporary strengthening and longterm strengthening of emergency structures and parts of the building, it is necessary to have operational information about the dynamics of their deformation state. Modern monitoring methods make it possible to obtain timely, objective information about the dynamics of the development of deformation processes of complex construction objects at all stages of their life cycle. Method. To substantiate the relevance of research, methods of analysis and generalization were applied, empirical research methods were used — instrumental monitoring, generalization of experience, expert surveys, expert assessments, scientific forecasting. On the example of a building that suffered significant damage as a result of an explosion of a gasair mixture, a selection of the optimal and safe method of its partial dismantling was made. Originality. Research using instrumental methods of the dynamics of deformations of the emergency object allowed to determine the optimal variant of the organization of dismantling and restoration works, taking into account the information received by the instrumental monitoring system. Increasing the efficiency and safety of works to eliminate the consequences of accidental destruction of largepanel buildings by choosing the optimal option for organizing emergency measures using modern information monitoring systems is an urgent technical and economic problem. The practical value lies in improving the organization of the dismantling of emergency buildings in conditions of incomplete information about their technical condition. The safety efficiency of emergency and rescue operations has been increased. A minimally justified composition of emergency measures with the use of a monitoring system to obtain information about the current state of structures for the purpose of implementing emergency measures is the most effective option for organizing emergency rescue and dismantling works in the process of restoring an emergency facility damaged by a manmade explosion.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN IDEALIZED DESIGN MODEL OF ORGANIZATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE ELIMINATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF EMERGENCY BUILDING DESTRUCTIONS BY ABNORMAL INFLUENCES

Problem. Organizational and technological design, that is, the development of the project of construction organization and the project of execution of construction works requires the study of research materials, the state of the surrounding environment, the capabilities of the construction organization, its technical base, etc., that is, it takes a long time. If it is necessary to carry out emergency rescue work immediately after a disaster or an accident, when there is a threat to human life, there is no such time. Therefore, it is necessary to develop measures to minimize the time and risk of making ineffective decisions in conditions of insufficient information about the damaged object. Currently, there are no organizational and technological solutions that are able to simultaneously combine objective urgency and rational justification of their implementation. Increasing the efficiency and safety of works to eliminate emergency destruction, due to overtime effects on largepanel buildings, by choosing the optimal option of urgent emergency measures using information and mathematical modeling and databases on typical destruction, technical, technological and organizational solutions is an urgent technical and economic problem. Method. Optimizing the decisionmaking process in conditions of uncertainty is possible with the prior development of databases of typical organizational and technological emergency measures and the methodology of their use at typical facilities. Linking existing, predeveloped solutions using typical information and mathematical models to a specific emergency object based on the principle of pattern recognition will allow to speed up the choice of option and ensure maximum safety of emergency rescue operations, will contribute to the rescue of possible accident victims. Originality. Forecasting the consequences of overtime impacts on the loadbearing capacity and stability of largepanel buildings in the absence of initial information about the technical condition of damaged parts of the building, i.e. in conditions of uncertainty, is possible only with the help of computational mathematical models. The availability of a database of typical strengthening solutions and the availability of a calculation model will allow, with accepted probability, to quickly choose a method of strengthening emergency structures, which in conditions of uncertainty will be more justified than an emotionally accepted, subjective technical decision. Practical value. The given algorithm makes it possible to create databases of necessary measures and readymade solutions for the stabilization of a largepanel building that has been affected by overtime load. Filling the database when performing variable calculations, regarding different places of application of overtime impacts and their intensity, taking into account various structural and technological schemes, will allow to significantly speed up decisionmaking regarding the stabilization of buildings affected by overtime loads.

Investigation of problematic dye combinations to inform optimal panel design in spectral cytometry

Abstract The adoption of high complexity flow cytometry is increasing as spectral analyzers and sorters can support detection of 40+ parameters. While experimental design and panel building can be straightforward for small and mid-sized conventional and spectral panels, high parameter panel building requires special considerations. Reaching the full capability of any cytometer requires the user to build a complex panel with all the available detectors in use. While smaller panels can rely on techniques such as separation of fluorophores based on laser excitation and emission peaks and selection of more spectrally clean dyes, increasingly complex higher parameter panels often require the use of problematic fluorophore combinations. Fluorophore combinations can be categorized as problematic for several reasons, including but not limited to; high spectral similarity, overlapping peak channel detection, high cross-laser excitation, and relative brightness. We present data intended to help inform the selection of fluorophores when building a complex panel. To address this, we designed mini panels composed of problematic fluorophore combinations to investigate which properties of such combinations contributed most significantly to overall panel usability, as well as to make recommendations for which fluorophores can be used together successfully. Data collected from both conventional and spectral cytometers showed that some combinations fail to resolve target populations or cause insurmountable compensation or unmixing errors, while others can be used together effectively. Thus, strategic dye selection can improve panel resolution as well as increase the number of detectable parameters, serving to maximize cytometer potential.

StarBright Dyes:-Making Panel Design Easier For Everyone

Abstract Following simple rules during multicolor panel building can help alleviate some common problems when immunophenotyping common immunological samples. However, building large panels can still be challenging. Bio-Rad’s new StarBright Dyes have been specifically designed for use in multicolour conventional and spectral flow cytometry to help alleviate common challenges such as brightness, spillover, fixation and buffer compatibility. Data we show here reveals how StarBright Dyes can help make panel design easier for everyone.

Simplified Analytical Methods for Prefabricated Concrete Wall Panel Building System with Alveolar-Type Joints

This paper presents a type of prefabricated concrete wall panel building system with novel flexible alveolar-type joints, which has the advantages of fast assembly and controllable quality. Seven alveolar-type joint specimens were designed and fabricated to investigate the influence of the axial compression ratio, the size of the joint (in the interface contact area), and the strength of the mortar on the joints’ performance. The shear–slip constitutive model of the alveolar-type joints was established on this basis. The accuracy of the constitutive model was verified by comparing two full-scale loading tests with the exact finite element analysis model of ABAQUS. A finite element model of a multi-story apartment building was established by using the aforementioned shear–slip constitutive model; thus, the simplified analysis method for the prefabricated concrete wall panel building structure with alveolar-type joints was proposed. It was concluded that increasing the axial compression ratio, mortar strength, and size of the joints could increase the shear-bearing capacity by different degrees and that the 50 mm depth joint could increase the capacity by 18.6%. The proposed shear–slip constitutive model simulated the interface mechanism well by comparing the test results. Furthermore, the simplified analytical methods of the integral structure were in good agreement with the FEA results.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОНАННЯ ДЕМОНТАЖУ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ ПОШКОДЖЕНИХ ВЕЛИКОПАНЕЛЬНИХ БУДИНКІВ

During the last year, as a result of military actions caused by the aggression of the Russian Federation, about 17.5 thousand multi-apartment residential buildings were destroyed or damaged in Ukraine. This corresponds to 10% of the total number of apartment buildings in Ukraine. The vast majority of destroyed multi-apartment buildings are of the panel type. Damaged housing must be rebuilt or repaired. During the execution of these works, a component stage is the dismantling of destroyed structures. The article describes the main organizational and technological features of the dismantling of panel building structures. Systematized permit and project documentation, on the basis of which works are performed. Analyzed domestic legislation in terms of dismantling works. The main stages of dismantling the structures of panel buildings are given. Peculiarities of performance of work and technology are indicated for each type of construction. The list of the main material and technical support for the performance of works is outlined on the example of a typical large-panel residential building. The article also provides a list of the main current requirements for safety, occupational health and environmental performance of works. The scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on this direction of building science research are analyzed. In view of the significant amount of destroyed housing, Ukraine has adopted a number of legislative acts that deregulate the process of dismantling buildings and individual structures. The local self-government is responsible for deciding whether it is appropriate to dismantle this or that building. Responsibility for the proper preparation of project documentation and execution of works in accordance with the requirements of current legislation rests with the executor of the works. The regulatory and legislative framework for restoration, demolition and dismantling requires revision from the point of view of optimization and simplification of procedural issues, including taking into account the realities of involving foreign charitable investors in these processes and the need to optimize the taxation of such works in wartime conditions. The proposed technology is based on the experience of dismantling and restoration work following the consequences of domestic gas explosions and is quickly improved taking into account the specifics of work in wartime and during other emergency situations.

Comparative life cycle assesment (LCA) and life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of precast and cast–in–place buildings in United States

As precast construction is becoming more commonly used across the United States, many evaluation tools have been used to assess the environmental and economic impacts of this system. Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost Assessment (LCCA) are some of the most widely used tools to evaluate the environmental and economic impacts of buildings’ entire life cycle. The research presented in this paper was designed to understand the comparative life cycle environmental impacts and costs over the complete life cycle for precast and cast-in-place (CIP) building systems. As such, a cradle-to-grave approach was used to develop a framework for assessing these impacts for precast and cast-in-place building systems constructed in the United States (US) while utilizing Open LCA software and NIST handbook for LCCA. A case study precast building in the U.S. was used to assess the environmental impacts and costs associated with the four phases (raw material extraction and manufacturing, installation/construction, operation, and demolition) were calculated and compared to a cast-in-place building system. The research findings showed that precast systems using sandwich panel building systems had 21% lower life cycle costs (LCC) compared to cast-in-place building system. The construction phase and operation phase also had 38% and 24% lower LCC compared to cast-in-place building systems. Additionally, lower life cycle environmental impacts towards nine environmental impact indicators were recorded for precast building systems. This study concluded that precast methodology has lower life cycle environmental and economic impacts than cast-in-place and can serve as a more efficient and sustainable construction method. The developed framework for LCA and LCCA could be applied to all concrete construction projects across the world and could be used as a platform for conducting future LCA and LCCA studies as well.

Досвід та тенденції розвитку монолітного будівництва при зведенні будівель та споруд

In this paper, the construction of monolithic, panel and brick buildings is considered, an analysis of each of the buildings is carried out, their advantages and disadvantages are determined during construction in Ukraine. An analysis of literary sources was also carried out, which showed that the monolithic construction of residential buildings is more economical in costs and is built faster, and the service life of a monolithic building compared to panel and brick buildings is tens of years. Monolithic construction is used to create a completely rigid frame from various types of forms. In our country, for many years prefab structures were preferred. Although it can be noted that over the past 30 years - the time of constructivism - monolithic construction has gained experience. After the time of "bricks" came, then construction from panels was actively promoted, and only in the last 10 years can we say that monolithic construction has taken its rightful place. The construction of monolithic buildings and structures allows to reduce the total reduced costs by 13-25% compared to prefabricated construction. At the same time, the construction of buildings and structures in sliding formwork requires a highly qualified workforce and a clear organization of work. Using modern plastic sliding formwork during the construction of buildings allows you to perform concreting not around the clock, but with breaks, using special additives to concrete mixtures. For example, hardening retarders allow you to extend the setting period up to 18 hours. Organizational and technological improvement of work management is associated with the use of movement maps of sliding formwork, which reflect technological interruptions, correct and timely installation of hole formers, embedded parts and reinforcement filling, care of concrete and other works.