Досвід та тенденції розвитку монолітного будівництва при зведенні будівель та споруд

Abstract

In this paper, the construction of monolithic, panel and brick buildings is considered, an analysis of each of the buildings is carried out, their advantages and disadvantages are determined during construction in Ukraine. An analysis of literary sources was also carried out, which showed that the monolithic construction of residential buildings is more economical in costs and is built faster, and the service life of a monolithic building compared to panel and brick buildings is tens of years. Monolithic construction is used to create a completely rigid frame from various types of forms. In our country, for many years prefab structures were preferred. Although it can be noted that over the past 30 years - the time of constructivism - monolithic construction has gained experience. After the time of "bricks" came, then construction from panels was actively promoted, and only in the last 10 years can we say that monolithic construction has taken its rightful place. The construction of monolithic buildings and structures allows to reduce the total reduced costs by 13-25% compared to prefabricated construction. At the same time, the construction of buildings and structures in sliding formwork requires a highly qualified workforce and a clear organization of work. Using modern plastic sliding formwork during the construction of buildings allows you to perform concreting not around the clock, but with breaks, using special additives to concrete mixtures. For example, hardening retarders allow you to extend the setting period up to 18 hours. Organizational and technological improvement of work management is associated with the use of movement maps of sliding formwork, which reflect technological interruptions, correct and timely installation of hole formers, embedded parts and reinforcement filling, care of concrete and other works.