ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОНАННЯ ДЕМОНТАЖУ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ ПОШКОДЖЕНИХ ВЕЛИКОПАНЕЛЬНИХ БУДИНКІВ

Abstract

During the last year, as a result of military actions caused by the aggression of the Russian Federation, about 17.5 thousand multi-apartment residential buildings were destroyed or damaged in Ukraine. This corresponds to 10% of the total number of apartment buildings in Ukraine. The vast majority of destroyed multi-apartment buildings are of the panel type. Damaged housing must be rebuilt or repaired. During the execution of these works, a component stage is the dismantling of destroyed structures. The article describes the main organizational and technological features of the dismantling of panel building structures. Systematized permit and project documentation, on the basis of which works are performed. Analyzed domestic legislation in terms of dismantling works. The main stages of dismantling the structures of panel buildings are given. Peculiarities of performance of work and technology are indicated for each type of construction. The list of the main material and technical support for the performance of works is outlined on the example of a typical large-panel residential building. The article also provides a list of the main current requirements for safety, occupational health and environmental performance of works. The scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on this direction of building science research are analyzed. In view of the significant amount of destroyed housing, Ukraine has adopted a number of legislative acts that deregulate the process of dismantling buildings and individual structures. The local self-government is responsible for deciding whether it is appropriate to dismantle this or that building. Responsibility for the proper preparation of project documentation and execution of works in accordance with the requirements of current legislation rests with the executor of the works. The regulatory and legislative framework for restoration, demolition and dismantling requires revision from the point of view of optimization and simplification of procedural issues, including taking into account the realities of involving foreign charitable investors in these processes and the need to optimize the taxation of such works in wartime conditions. The proposed technology is based on the experience of dismantling and restoration work following the consequences of domestic gas explosions and is quickly improved taking into account the specifics of work in wartime and during other emergency situations.