Rat Pancreas Research Articles

Effect of Sublethal Dose of Ethion on Selected Biochemical Parameters in the Pancreas of Albino Rat

Ethion is an organophosphorus (OP) insecticide that was specifically developed as an effective solution for controlling insects, mites, and eggs on both plants and animals. Its primary application is as an insecticide, acaricide, and ovicide. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of ethion on protein metabolism in the pancreas of Albino rats by assessing its sublethal effects. During the course of the experiment, adult male Albino rats of the Wistar strain were given ethion orally. The dosage administered was 1/5th of the LD50 value, which equates to 42mg/kg of their body weight. The rats were subjected to this treatment for a duration of 30 days, with a 48-hour interval between each administration. The rats were randomly divided into four groups for the experiment. The first group of rats served as the control, receiving no ethion treatment. The second group of animals was treated with ethion for a duration of 10 days. The third and fourth groups of rats were administered ethion for 20 and 30 days, respectively. In groups administered with ethion, the levels of total proteins exhibited a decrease. However, all the parameters analyzed in this study demonstrated an overall increase. Notably, the increase observed in the 30-day administered group was more prominent compared to the groups administered for 20 and 10 days. Ethion exposure led to severe alterations in all the parameters studied in Albino rats during the present investigation. Histopathological studies were conducted to evaluate the extent of damage caused. Examination of the pancreas in Albino rats exposed to Ethion revealed various histological observations. These included Cloudy Swelling with Granulated Cytoplasm (CSGC), Denatured nucleus (DN), Hemorrhage (H), and Congestion (C). The study findings indicate that the administration of Ethion has negative consequences on pancreatic functions, resulting in impairments to its normal physiological functioning. The study suggests that Ethion's toxic impact is manifested by disrupting various aspects of protein metabolism within the pancreas of Albino rats.

Bovine umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium increased expression of GLUT-4 in pancreas of diabetic rats induced by nicotinamide-streptozotocin.

Diabetes is a degenerative disease associated with metabolic disorders. The majority of people have type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) insulin resistance due to an unhealthy lifestyle. The development of DM treatment is also growing, one of which is using conditioned medium. This study aims to determine the effect of Bovine umbilical mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium (BUMSC-CM) on nicotinamide (NA) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats as an animal model of DM. The study began with the in vitro docking of Cholecalciferol with aldolase reductase and glucokinase. In the in vivo study, animal models were divided into five groups: group A (negative control), group B (diabetic rats), group C (NA+STZ+Metformin), group D (NA+STZ+ BUMSC-CM 0.2 ml/kg BW), and group E (NA+STZ+ BUMSC-CM 0.5 ml/kg BW). Blood sugar levels were checked, and BUMSC-CM was administered by intramuscular injection at four-day intervals for a duration of 16 days. Blood sugar levels were also sampled, and GLUT4 histochemical and immunohistochemical staining was performed. The results showed that Cholecalciferol can bind to aldolase reductase ASP43 and TYR48 and bind to glucokinase at TYR214 with hydrogen bonds. BUMSC-CM administration was able to reduce blood sugar well. In addition, BUMSC-CM also helped repair the tissue structure of the pancreas damaged by inflammation from STZ administration. This study can be concluded that the administration of BUMSC-CM can be an alternative cell-free therapy for patients with DM.

Antidiabetic Power of Belalai gajah Plant (Clinacanthus nutans)

This study aims to determine the decrease in rat blood glucose levels, MDA levels, and the histopathological description of pancreas after giving ethanol extract of belalai gajah plant. This study used 25 rats, grouped into 5, namely normal control, negative control (CMC-Na 0.5% dose 2 mL/200 g b.w), positive control (glibenclamide dose 0.09 mg /200 g b.w), belalai gajah plant ethanol extract (dose 30 mg/200 g b.w., and 60 mg/200 g b.w). Prior to treatment, the rats were induced into diabetes with streptozotocin-nicotinamide. The content of belalai gajah plant was tested phytochemically and antidiabetic. Potential of belalai gajah plant was tested by induction for 14 days. The results showed that ethanol extract of belalai gajah plant contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, and phenolics. The decrease in blood glucose and MDA levels in the group given the ethanol extract of belalai gajah plant at dose of 60 mg/200 g b.w. was the same as the dose of glibenclamide 0.09 mg/200 g b.w. The results of histopathological of pancreas showed that the ethanol extract of belalai gajah plant at dose of 60 mg/200 g b.w. could improve the structure of Langerhans islets in the pancreas of diabetic rats

Experimental study of the pattern of genes activated by multi-day intermittent hypoxia in the rat pancreas

Intermittent hypoxia affects a variety of pathological conditions in the body and is used in medicine to reproduce the sanogenic therapeutic effect. Intermittent hypoxia is used for clinical indications to improve lung function; increase the body’s adaptive capacity; in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; in anaemia, diabetes mellitus. In cancer radiotherapy, intermittent hypoxic training helps to increase the sensitivity of the tumour to treatment. Intermittent hypoxia is useful in rehabilitation medicine to improve the physical recovery of patients after surgery or injury to improve the body’s functional capabilities. However, to date, the activity of regulatory genes, that activate the molecular mechanisms of the above-mentioned sanogenic effects of intermittent hypoxia has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the study: to determine the expression of hypoxia-related genes in pancreas of Wistar rats under intermittent hypoxia. Materials and methods. The CFX-96 Touch™ real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Bio-Rad, USA) and the RT2 Profiler™ PCR Array Rat Hypoxia Signalling Pathway kit (QIAGEN, Germany) were used to analyse gene expression in experimental animals, where 84 genes involved in the hypoxia signalling pathway identified in the pancreas were studied. Results. According to the results of PCR analysis of pancreatic samples from intact animals and animals exposed to hypoxic training, the activity of the gene panel can be distributed as follows: genes with high expression compared to the intact group of animals, genes with low expression compared to the intact group of animals and genes in which no significant changes were detected in the samples compared to the intact group of animals. We have found, that the genes Cops5, F10, Jmjd6, Lgals3, Rbpjl, Vegfa have high expression activity compared to the intact group of animals. Conclusions. The increase in the expression of Cops5 by 10.29 times, Lgals3 by 2.94 times and Rbpjl by 5.73 times as a result of intermittent hypoxia can be regarded as an activating factor for the increase in the proliferation of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells and the growth of their antiapoptotic potential. The 3.20-fold increase in Jmjd6 gene expression under intermittent hypoxia can be interpreted as a regulatory effect through protein dehydroxylation and promotion of antiapoptotic protein activity in endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells. The 5.99-fold increased level of Vegfa expression may promote angiogenesis in the pancreas under intermittent hypoxia.

Protective role of Pleurotus florida against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats: A preclinical study

Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer is a mushroom species known to be an antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and diuretic agent, reducing blood pressure and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo potency of P. florida's anti-diabetic properties in rats affected by hyperglycemia induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) at 55 mg/kg (i.p.), characterized by oxidative stress impairment, and changes in insulin levels and lipid profile. After inducing hyperglycemia in the rats, they were treated with P. florida acetone and methanol extracts, orally administered for 28 days at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight. The hyperglycemic control (DC) group showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, lipid hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde, compared to the normal control (NC) group The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum insulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione disulfide, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, guaiacol peroxidase, and vitamin E and C levels showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in DC group, compared to the NC group. Blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels improved significantly after 28 days of treatment, in the group treated with glibenclamide (an oral hypoglycemic drug, used as positive control), and in the groups treated with P. florida extracts. In DC group, the treatment with P. florida was found to prevent diabetes, according to histopathological studies of the kidneys, pancreas, and liver of rats. In conclusion, this study has shown that the treatment with P. florida decreased oxidative stress and glucose levels in the blood, as well as restoring changes in lipid profiles.

Comparison of Exosome -miRNA -9 and -146 Profiles Isolated from Brain and Pancreas Tissue in Healthy and Diabetes Rats

Small vesicles called exosomes have been found to regulate gene expression in tissues and play a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of exosomes on diabetes and related microRNA (miRNA) exchange. For this purpose, nicotinamide (120 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (IP.), and Streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) ip was allocated 15 minutes later. Rats with 126 mg/dL and up glucose levels were accepted as Type 2 diabetes. At the end of 21 days, exosomes were obtained from the pancreas and brain tissues of rats (n:10) of diabetics and healthy groups. Then biochemical analyzes and oxidative stress parameters of both groups were examined. In addition, miRNA changes were discussed, and the results obtained were statistically evaluated. A significant increase was found in total oxidative status (TOS) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in both brain and pancreatic exosomes. It was observed that the total antioxidant level (TAC) decreased compared to the control group (P

Investigation of the miRNA levels changes to acceptable daily intake dose pesticide mixture exposure on rat mesentery and pancreas

Consumers are constantly exposed to a variety of chemical mixtures as part of their everyday activities and lifestyle. Food, water and commercial products are only some examples of the possible ways people get exposed to these mixtures. However, following federal and local guidelines for risk assessment related to chemical exposure, risk analysis focuses on a single substance exposure scenario and not on a mixture, as in real life. Realizing the pronounced gap of this methodology, the real-life risk simulation scenario approach tries to address this problem by investigating the possible effect of long-term exposure to chemical mixtures closely resembling the actual circumstances of modern life. As part of this effort, this study aimed to identify the cumulative effects of pesticides belonging to different classes and commonly used commercial products on long-term exposure with realistic doses. Sprague Dawley rats were given a pesticide mix of active ingredients and formulation chemicals in a daily acceptable dose (ADI) and 10xADI for 90 days. Following thorough everyday documentation of possible side-effects, after 90 days all animals were sacrificed and their organs were examined. Exposure to pesticides particularly affects the miRNA levels at that point will provide us with more information about whether they can be potential biomarkers.

Hippocampal Microglia Activation Induced by Acute Pancreatic Injury in Rats.

Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreatic glandular parenchyma that causes injury with or without the destruction of pancreatic acini. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that certain systemic proinflammatory mediators may be responsible for initiating the fundamental mechanisms involved in microglial reactivity. Here, we investigated the possible repercussions of acute pancreatitis (AP) on the production of inflammatory mediators in the brain parenchyma focusing on microglial activation in the hippocampus. The acute pancreatic injury in rats was induced by a pancreas ligation surgical procedure (PLSP) on the splenic lobe, which corresponds to approximately 10% of total mass of the pancreas. Blood samples were collected via intracardiac puncture for the measurement of serum amylase. After euthanasia, frozen or paraffin-embedded brains and pancreas were analyzed using qRT-PCR or immunohistochemistry, respectively. Immunohistochemistry assays showed a large number of Iba1 and PU.1-positive cells in the CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus of the PLSP group. TNF-α mRNA expression was significantly higher in the brain from PLSP group. NLRP3 inflammasome expression was found to be significantly increased in the pancreas and brain of rats of the PLSP group. High levels of BNDF mRNA were found in the rat brain of PLSP group. In contrast, NGF mRNA levels were significantly higher in the control group versus PLSP group. Our findings suggest that AP has the potential to induce morphological changes in microglia consistent with an activated phenotype.

Taurine alleviates high-fat-high-glucose-induced pancreatic islet β-cell oxidative stress and apoptosis in rat

The effect of taurine (TAU) as a specific regulatory mediator on pancreatic function in obese rats induced by a high-fat-high-glucose (HFHG) diet was investigated. We fed male Sprague-Dawley rats under different conditions, namely the control, HFHG, TAU, and HFHG + TAU treatment groups for 4 months. Compared with the HFHG group, TAU supplementation significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione levels in the rat pancreas. In addition, TAU significantly decreased the level of reactive oxygen species, and markedly increased the activity of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP-1), and nuclear factor erythrocyte-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the rat pancreas. Notably, HFHG diet could induce pancreatic injury in the rats through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and activate the mitochondrial channel-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway. The addition of TAU significantly improved the pancreatic tissue injury induced by the HFHG diet in the rats and reduced the protein expression of Caspase-3, Cleaved-caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bcl-2 associated protein X (BAX), and increased the protein expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2). In conclusion, this experiment confirmed that TAU could alleviate the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by the HFHG diet in rat pancreatic β-cells.

Effect of GLITEROS specific-diabetes enteral formula modification based on tempe flour, jicama flour and sunflower seed flour on score pancreatic damage, number and diameter of the islets of langerhans of hyperglycemic rats pancreatic cells with streptozotocin induction

Tempeh, yam, and sunflower's flour have been known to have antidiabetic effects, but their combined effect on the histopathology of hyperglycemic rat pancreatic cells in an enteral formula has not been proven. This study aimed to analyze the effect of GLITEROS specific-diabetes enteral formula modification based on tempeh flour, yam flour, and sunflower seed flour on the score pancreatic damage, number and diameter of the islets of langerhans of hyperglycemic rats with streptozotocin induction. The intervention was administered via an oral probe for 28 days to 30 Wistar rats, with each group consisting of 6 rats. The formula was given at a dose of 3.97 g/200 g/day (P1) and 8.75 g/200gr/day (P2) compared to standard control (K), positive control (K +), and negative control (K-). Histopathological features of the pancreas were analyzed using the hematoxylin–eosin staining method. Data were analyzed using paied t-test/Wilcoxon and ANOVA/Kruskal Wallis. The results showed a significant repair of pancreatic cell damage in the treatment group (P1 and P2) after the intervention (p < 0.05), but there was no difference in the number and diameter of the islets of Langerhans (p > 0.05). Overall, our findings suggest that the modified GLITEROS specific-diabetes enteral formula made from tempeh, yam, and sunflower seeds flour on the histopathological picture of hyperglycemia-induced rat pancreas, especially in the repair of damage to pancreatic Langerhans cells.Graphical

Macroscopic and microscopic features of pancreatic scaffold generated by SDS-based decellularization using multiple needle injections

Background: Pancreatic tissue engineering requires a scaffold in addition to cells and signaling. An adequate scaffold no longer contains cells but retains its extracellular matrix. Biological scaffolds from organ or tissue decellularization are widely used because they can retain the extracellular matrix essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. Pancreatic scaffolds were developed for pancreatic tissue engineering through various decellularization techniques. Available decellularization techniques have advantages and disadvantages, and the development of new techniques is necessary. This study aims to characterize pancreatic scaffold generated by SDS-based decellularization using multiple needle injections. Method: The rat pancreas was isolated and injected with multiple SDS with graded concentration (0,1-1%) using a 1 cc syringe. Scaffold characterization was performed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Results: The results obtained were the loss of cells in the pancreatic scaffold with intact extracellular matrix. Macroscopic appearance after decellularization showed a translucent, white, and flabby pancreas. Microscopic image after decellularization showed pancreatic tissue with cell loss but visible extracellular matrix. Conclusion: This study can produce an SDS-based decellularized pancreatic scaffold using multiple needle injections with adequate macroscopic and microscopic characteristics.

The protective effect of Lemon Peel Essential Oil on Pancreas and Brain Oxidative Stress and Inflammation induced by Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide in rats: Behavioral and Biochemical Evidences

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Moroccan lemon peel essential oil (LPEO) on various aspects such as anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anxiolytic activities in diabetic rats. The animals were divided into five groups: normal control group, diabetic control group, diabetic group treated with metformin (300mg/kg), and two diabetic groups treated with LPEO at doses of 0.6ml/kg and 1.2ml/kg, respectively. T2DM was induced in the rats by administering intraperitoneal injections of Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide. Treatment with LPEO or metformin was initiated immediately after confirming the presence of hyperglycemia and continued for a duration of four weeks. Anxiety-related behavior in the rats was assessed using two behavioral tests. 24 hours after conducting the behavioral tests, all rats were anesthetized, and blood samples were taken for the analysis of lipid parameters. The pancreas and brain were dissected to assess TNF-alpha, SOD, and MDA levels. Treatments with LPEO contributed significantly to the preservation of lipid profile and reduction of the atherosclerosis index in diabetic rats (p&lt;.05). Additionally, there was a notable decrease in MDA and TNF-α concentration in the pancreas and brain of diabetic rats treated with LPEO associated with a remarkable increase in SOD activity in the pancreas and brain compared to diabetic control group (p&lt;.05). Lastly, both LPEO and metformin treatments demonstrated significant improvements in anxiety-related behavior in this rat model (p&lt;.05). These positive effects could potentially be attributed to the potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of both treatments.

Trans-Chalcone protects male rats against high-fat emulsion-induced pancreatic injury by inhibiting TNF-α and MCP-1 expression

Background. High-fat diet (HFD) intake is linked to ectopic fat deposition in the pancreas. It also causes pancreatic inflammatory lesions. trans-Chalcone is a simple chalcone with protective effects against HFD-induced metabolic disorders. This study, for the first time, explored the possible effects of this chalcone on high-fat emulsion-induced pancreatic abnormalities in rats. Methods. Twenty-one male rats were randomly assigned into three groups: control (received 10% tween 80); HFD (received high-fat emulsion + 10% tween 80); and HFD + chalcone (received high-fat emulsion + trans-chalcone). Real-time PCR was used to assess pancreatic mRNA expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the pancreas of all rats. Results. High-fat emulsion increased the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory biomarkers, including TNF-α and MCP-1 in the pancreas of rats, and treatment with trans-chalcone prevented these high-fat emulsion-induced changes. Conclusion. trans-Chalcone can protect the pancreas of male rats against HFD-induced abnormalities through its anti-inflammatory effects. Practical Implications. It seems that consumption of HFD up-regulates the production of inflammatory mediators in the pancreas. On the other hand, trans-chalcone can ameliorate HFD-related pancreatic inflammation.

Antidiabetic Effect of Combined Leaf Extracts of Portulaca oleracea L., Beta vulgaris L., and Cichorium intybus L. in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Purslane (P), chard (CHA), and chicory (CHI) leaf extracts are individually and traditionally used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Polyphenols, flavonoids, the polyphenolic profile of the extracts, and their antioxidant activity were determined. This study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of combinations of these extracts in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Diabetic groups were administered orally and daily for 40 days with the investigated extracts at 250 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) or metformin (100 mg/kg b.w.) as a drug. Fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, insulin, and fructosamine were assessed. The combined extracts with high levels of P or CHI exerted potent hypoglycemic activity compared with metformin in addition to the restoration of the histopathological changes in the liver and pancreas of diabetic rats to a near-normal state. Therefore, these combined extracts could be developed as natural drugs for diabetes.

Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens (velvet bean) on the pancreas and pituitary gland of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Objective: This study was carried out to find out the effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Mucuna pruriens on the pancreas and pituitary gland alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Twenty-five (25) male rats weighing between 160 g - 200 g were purchased and acclimatized for two weeks, after which they were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each and housed in cages. The groups were designated as groups A, B, C, D and E. Groups B - E were induced with diabetes using alloxan. Groups A and B served as control groups and received only distilled water; while groups C – D diabetic that served as test groups received Glucophage, 400 mg/kg of M. pruriens and 800 mg/kg of M. pruriens respectively for 21 days via oral route with the aid of oral intubation tube. On the 22nd day, the animals were sacrificed via chloroform inhalation, and testes were harvested for histological studies. Result: There were poorly perfused pancreatic tissue with severe focal areas of Islets of Langerhans atrophy, and moderate to severe degeneration with necrosis of the anterior pituitary, severe scanty cytoplasm with either eosinophil or basophilic focal loss of tissues of the pancreas and pituitary gland respectively in group B when compared with the control group A and group C that received water and Glucophage respectively. These effects were ameliorated in Groups C - D that received variable doses of the ethanolic leaf extracts of M. prurines. Conclusion: Leaf extracts of M. pruriens have ameliorating/antidiabetic effect on the histology of pancreas and pituitary gland of alloxan-induced rats.

Study of changes in the activity levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and the role of nitric oxide in the development of pathology in alloxan-diabetic rats

The problem of treating diabetes mellitus has not been resolved to this day; it requires a detailed study of various links of pathogenesis at the molecular level. In diabetes, conditions arise for the formation of oxidative stress. Diabetes mellitus is associated with the early development of cardiovascular complications, the immune e system is destroyed. Endothelial cells produce nitric oxide (NO), a substance that is able to maintain a balance of vascular tone, coagulation and inflammation. Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is one of the most important enzymes of purine metabolism, which characterizes the immune status of the organism. The aim of this study was to study the enzymatic activity of PNP, as well as to determine the levels of nitric oxide in the blood serum, liver and pancreas in albino rats with simulated alloxan diabetes. The results of our studies on the detection of changes in the activity of PNP in the pancreas on the model of alloxandiabetic rats showed that at the late stage, the activity of PNP in the pancreas is completely suppressed, which indicates significant changes in the immune status of the body, the content of nitric oxide increases. Understanding the complex metabolic disorders that interact with the NO system may provide us with additional therapeutic options to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetes mellitus. Indicators of NO and PNP can be used as additional paraclinical indicators for early diagnosis and to identify and clarify the degree of activity of the pathological process, the nature of the course, the stage of the disease, which contributes to the appointment of individualized adequate therapy.

Exploration of the anti-diabetic potential of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Koenigia polystachya L.: an edible wild plant from Northeastern India

BackgroundGlobally, medicinal plants are used to treat diseases like diabetes. The present study evaluates the possible antioxidant, acute oral toxicity, the in-vitro and in-vivo antidiabetic potential of the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Koenigia polystachya (HELeKP) against beta-cell damage in experimentally induced diabetes mellitus. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine), ABTS [2,2′-azino bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)], H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide), superoxide radical scavenging activity and NO (Nitric oxide) assay estimated the in-vitro antioxidant assay of HELeKP. The acute oral toxicity study was evaluated per the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) test guidelines 425. Diabetes was stimulated in rats with a single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ), and after confirmation of diabetes, HELeKP was given orally for 21 days. Blood/serum samples were gathered and examined for biochemical changes, while tissue samples were evaluated for histopathological alterations.ResultsThe IC50 value of the HELeKP for all the anti-oxidant assays confirms the free radical scavenging activity. The data on acute oral toxicity revealed that the HELeKP used in the study was comparatively very safe. The outcomes of the in-vivo study suggested that the extract significantly reduced (p < 0.001) the fasting glucose level in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, the lipid profile level was significantly normalized (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) in diabetic rats. The histopathological observation of the pancreas in HELeKP-treated rats showed significant beta-cell restoration.ConclusionsBased on the outcomes of this study, the HELeKP-treated rats have significant free radical scavenging and anti-diabetic potential. Therefore, it can be recommended as a beneficial functional vegetable for consumption.

Impact of various detergent-based immersion and perfusion decellularization strategies on the novel caprine pancreas derived extracellular matrix scaffold.

Limited availability of the organs donors has facilitated the establishment of xenogeneic organ sources for transplantation. Numerous studies have decellularized several organs and assessed their implantability in order to provide such organs. Among all the decellularized organs studies for xenotransplantation, the pancreas has garnered very limited amount of research. The presently offered alternatives for pancreas transplantation are unable to liberate patients from donor dependence. The rat and mice pancreas are not of an accurate size for transplantation but can only be used for in-vitro studies mimicking in-vivo immune response in humans, while the porcine pancreas can cause zoonotic diseases as it carries porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV- A/B/C). Therefore, we propose caprine pancreas as a substitute for these organs, which not only reduces donor dependence but also poses no risk of zoonosis. Upon decellularization the extracellular matrix (ECM) of different tissues responds differently to the detergents used for decellularization at physical and physiological level; this necessitates a comprehensive analysis of each tissue independently. This study investigates the impact of decellularization by ionic (SDS and SDC), non-ionic (Triton X-100 and Tween-20), and zwitterionic detergents (CHAPS). All these five detergents have been used to decellularize caprine pancreas via immersion (ID) and perfusion (PD) set-up. In this study, an extensive comparison of these two configurations (ID and PD) with regard to each detergent has been conducted. The final obtained scaffold with each set-up has been evaluated for the left-over cytosolic content, ECM components like sGAG, collagen, and fibronectin were estimated via Prussian blue and Immunohistochemical staining respectively, and finally for the tensile strength and antimicrobial activity. All the detergents performed consistently superior in PD than in ID. Conclusively, PD with SDS, SDC, and TX-100 successfully decellularizes caprine pancreatic tissue while retaining ECM architecture and mechanical properties. This research demonstrates the viability of caprine pancreatic tissue as a substitute scaffold for porcine organs and provides optimal decellularization protocol for this xenogeneic tissue. This research aims to establish a foundation for further investigations into potential regenerative strategies using this ECM in combination with other factors.

Antihyperglycemic and Histological Effect of Aloe vera on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Wistar Rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with various complications if not properly managed. Aloe vera, a medicinal plant with diverse pharmacological properties, has shown promise as a potential therapeutic intervention for diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the antihyperglycemic and histological effects of Aloe vera in an alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rat model. Method: Forty-eight Wistar rats were divided into six groups and treated with different regimens of Aloe vera and metformin, a standard antidiabetic drug. The effects of the treatments on blood glucose levels and histology of the pancreas, liver, and kidney were evaluated. Result: The results of the study revealed that alloxan injection induced hyperglycemia and pathological changes in the pancreas, liver and kidney of Wistar rats. The treatment with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg of Aloe vera significantly reduced blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Aloe vera administration preserved the histological integrity of the pancreas, liver, and kidney in diabetic rats. This preservation of organ histology can be attributed to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and tissue-protective properties of Aloe vera. Conclusion: Aloe vera demonstrated antihyperglycemic effects and preserved organ histology in an alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rat model. The bioactive compounds present in Aloe vera are believed to contribute to these effects. Aloe vera holds potential as an alternative or adjunctive therapy for diabetes management, but its clinical efficacy and safety need to be further explored.

Pancreatic beta cell regenerative effect of Costus pictus D Don leaf extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetes on Wistar rats

With the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the economic burden caused by its treatment, people seek alternative medicine. Costus pictus D Don, belonging to the family Costaceae, commonly called Insulin plant/spiral ginger, is preferred by many in recent days. The current study was carried out to determine the effect of methanolic leaf extract of Costus pictus D Don on the pancreas of diabetic-induced albino Wistar rats. Methanolic extract from C.pictus was prepared by soxhalation. The effect of this extract at the dose of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg bw was studied biochemically on blood glucose and blood insulin levels. Histological and histo-morphological observations were studied on the pancreas after 21 days of treatment. The parameters were compared with diabetic and normal rats. Glucose-lowering effect of the plant extract was observed biochemically in diabetic animals treated with both doses of the extracts. It was observed that the effect was more pronounced with 200 mg/kg BW of the extract. The presence of hyperchromic islet cells, granulated beta cells, increase in diameter of islets and number of beta cells as observed by histological examination and histo-morphometric analysis revealed the pancreatic beta cell regenerative property of Costus pictus D Don.