Pairing Scheme Research Articles

Using Work in Pairs Method to Improve Students’ Writing Skills in a University Level

The method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR). By using this method, it might raise students' motivation in learning English especially to master language forms, structure and grammar. Most studies focused on improving students’ English skills in high school level. Hence, the researchers planned to implement work in pairs strategy to improve students’ writing skills. It focused on university students who had low motivation and lack of grammar while learning English, especially writing skills. Researchers formulated the research questions; How is work in pairs method be used to improve students’ writing skills? Pre-test and the post-test 2 had improved from lacking to fair. It was proved that implementing the pair work technique is a positive approach to boost students' writing skills, particularly in the context of descriptive writing. The average score of students increased, and the teaching-learning process improved significantly. Work in pairs method was useful in assisting students in writing descriptive text. The researchers hope by publishing this article, it will be useful for teacher and learners on learning English by using this work in pairs method

Paired electrosynthesis strategy for enhancing 2, 5-Furardicarboxylic acid formation rate

Electrosynthesis has shown promising prospect for producing fine chemicals via a green and sustainable way. In recent years, the electrooxidation of renewable biomass 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into high value-added product 2, 5-furardicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has become a hot research topic. However, the FDCA yield, and formation rate are difficult to reach high level at the same time. Here, we have designed a paired-electrosynthesis system with a concentration adjustment strategy in to improve the FDCA formation rate while maintaining high FDCA yield. The catalytic performance exceeds most of reported examples from the viewpoint of FDCA yield and formation rate.

3D genome remodeling and homologous pairing during meiotic prophase of mouse oogenesis and spermatogenesis

During meiosis, the chromatin and transcriptome undergo prominent switches. Although recent studies have explored the genome reorganization during spermatogenesis, the chromatin remodeling in oogenesis and characteristics of homologous pairing remain largely elusive. We comprehensively compared chromatin structures and transcriptomes at successive substages of meiotic prophase in both female and male mice using low-input high-through chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Compartments and topologically associating domains (TADs) gradually disappeared and slowly recovered in both sexes. We found that homologs adopted different sex-conserved pairing strategies prior to and after the leptotene-to-zygotene transition, changing from long interspersed nuclear element (LINE)-enriched compartments B to short interspersed nuclear element (SINE)-enriched compartments A. We complemented marker genes and predicted the sex-specific meiotic sterile genes for each substage. This study provides valuable insights into the similarities and distinctions between sexes in chromosome architecture, homologous pairing, and transcriptome during meiotic prophase of both oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

User pairing impact on the performance of hybrid beamforming NOMA system

This paper proposes a new user pairing technique for a power domain nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) deploying fully connected and subconnected hybrid beamforming (HBF) structures for a typical urban microcell downlink of line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) surroundings. NOMA system’s configurations are set up for two (multiple input single output) users per cluster down- linking base station equipped with 128 antennas. HBF processing adopts phased zero forcing (P-ZF) for both fully connected (HBFNOMA) structure (FCS) and sub-connected (HBF-NOMA) structure (SCS) precoders’ optimization, and successive interference cancellation zero forcing (SIC-ZF) schemes to optimize the SCS-HBF-NOMA precoder exploiting dynamic power allocation. The new users’ pairing exploits users’ distance to the base station, namely near and far clusters different from the benchmark angle of arrival- based users’ pairing. The proposed users’ pairing and the precoding schemes’ impact are investigated for finite-resolution HBF structures operating in LOS and NLOS surroundings. The execution under New York University (NYU) mmW channel model is explored for two users in a cluster with different angles of arrival. Results show that the users’ pairing based on AoA performs better than the newly proposed users’ pairing. However, the proposed users’ pairing scheme performs better than their corresponding OMA counterparts, which still make them beneficial for multiple access technique and a scenario, where one of the far cluster users need to access the base station for high data rate service and vice versa. Finally, the modified Liang processing scheme for quantizing SCS-HBF-NOMA precoder is capable of mitigating the quantization error arising from the NLOS environment and the nature of sub-connected (HBF) structure under a low SNR regime.

A Semi-Supervised Siamese Network for Complex Aircraft System Fault Detection with Limited Labeled Fault Samples

Aircraft onboard systems typically have limited labeled fault samples and large amounts of unlabeled data. To better utilize the information contained in limited labeled fault samples, a deep learning-based semi-supervised fault detection method is proposed, which leverages a small number of labeled fault samples to enhance its performance. A novel sample pairing strategy is introduced to improve algorithm performance by iteratively utilizing fault samples. A comprehensive loss function is employed to accurately reconstruct normal samples and effectively separate fault samples. The results of a case study using real data from a commercial aircraft fleet demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over existing techniques, with improvements of approximately 16.7% in AP, 9.5% in AUC, and 19.2% in F1 score. Ablation studies confirm that performance can be further improved by incorporating additional labeled fault samples during training. Furthermore, the algorithm demonstrates good generalization ability.

Hubungan Penerapan Best Management Practice Pengolahan Karet Remah Pada Kinerja Pemasaran PT. Remco Rubber Indonesia

Rubber is a cultivated plant that plays an important role in economic activities in Indonesia, which is a source of national income besides oil and gas. Most of the semi-finished natural rubber production in Indonesia is crumb rubber, especially crumb rubber with the SIR 20 standard. Best Management Practice is a standard method or reference in increasing the yield and quality of production of a commodity which also increases product marketing and income of companies or plantations that implement it. The purposes of this research were to: (1) analyze the marketing results before and after the implementation of BMP in PT. Remco Rubber Indonesia and (2) analyzing the crumb rubber marketing strategy implemented by PT. Remco Rubber Indonesia. The research method used is paired t-test analysis and 4P marketing mix strategy analysis. The results of the t-test using SPSS 26 showed that the marketing of crumb rubber at PT. Remco experienced a significant increase after the application of BMP in the crumb rubber processing. For the marketing mix strategy implemented at PT. Remco has been well implemented. This means that the application of BMP in crumb rubber processing has a significant relationship in implementing marketing strategies in increasing marketing.

Optimizing the Pairs of Radiologists That Double Read Screening Mammograms.

Background Despite variation in performance characteristics among radiologists, the pairing of radiologists for the double reading of screening mammograms is performed randomly. It is unknown how to optimize pairing to improve screening performance. Purpose To investigate whether radiologist performance characteristics can be used to determine the optimal set of pairs of radiologists to double read screening mammograms for improved accuracy. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed with reading outcomes from breast cancer screening programs in Sweden (2008-2015), England (2012-2014), and Norway (2004-2018). Cancer detection rates (CDRs) and abnormal interpretation rates (AIRs) were calculated, with AIR defined as either reader flagging an examination as abnormal. Individual readers were divided into performance categories based on their high and low CDR and AIR. The performance of individuals determined the classification of pairs. Random pair performance, for which any type of pair was equally represented, was compared with the performance of specific pairing strategies, which consisted of pairs of readers who were either opposite or similar in AIR and/or CDR. Results Based on a minimum number of examinations per reader and per pair, the final study sample consisted of 3 592 414 examinations (Sweden, n = 965 263; England, n = 837 048; Norway, n = 1 790 103). The overall AIRs and CDRs for all specific pairing strategies (Sweden AIR range, 45.5-56.9 per 1000 examinations and CDR range, 3.1-3.6 per 1000; England AIR range, 68.2-70.5 per 1000 and CDR range, 8.9-9.4 per 1000; Norway AIR range, 81.6-88.1 per 1000 and CDR range, 6.1-6.8 per 1000) were not significantly different from the random pairing strategy (Sweden AIR, 54.1 per 1000 examinations and CDR, 3.3 per 1000; England AIR, 69.3 per 1000 and CDR, 9.1 per 1000; Norway AIR, 84.1 per 1000 and CDR, 6.3 per 1000). Conclusion Pairing a set of readers based on different pairing strategies did not show a significant difference in screening performance when compared with random pairing. © RSNA, 2023.

Genetic Markers Regulating Blood Pressure in Extreme Discordant Sib Pairs.

Genome-wide scans performed in affected sib pairs have revealed small and often inconsistent clues to the loci responsible for the inherited components of hypertension. Since blood pressure is a quantitative trait regulated by many loci, two siblings at opposite extremes of the blood pressure distribution are more likely to have inherited different alleles at any given locus. Hence, we investigated an extreme discordant sib pair strategy to analyse markers from two previous loci of interest: (1) the Gordons syndrome locus that includes the WNK4 gene and (2) the ROMK locus identified in our first genome-wide scan. For this study, 24 sib pairs with strong family histories of essential hypertension were selected from the top and bottom 10% of the blood pressure distribution and genotyped for highly polymorphic microsatellite markers on chromosomes 11 and 17. The mean age of the population was 39.8 ± 7.8 years. A significant inverse correlation was found between the squared difference in pulse pressure and the number of alleles shared by IBD between the siblings for the DS11925 marker (r = -0.44, p = 0.031), systolic pressure and chromosome 17 markers (D17S250: r = -0.42, p = 0.040; D17S799 (r = -0.51, p = 0.011), and this relationship persisted after correcting for age and gender. Markers on chromosome 17 (D17S250, D17S928 and D17S1301) and 11 (D11S1999) also correlated with diastolic pressure. These results illustrate the successful use of discordant sib pair analysis to detect linkage within relatively small numbers of pedigrees with hypertension. Further analysis of this cohort may be valuable in complementing findings from the large genome wide scans in affected sib pairs.

Paired growth of cultivated and halophytic wild rice under salt stress induces bacterial endophytes and gene expression responses.

Utilizing salt-affected marginal lands in coastal regions can help meet the growing demand for rice. We explored a nature-based solution involving wild halophytic rice (O. coarctata, Oc) and commercial rice BRRI Dhan 67 (O. sativa, Os) grown in close proximity to each other under salt stress. This was to investigate whether a paired planting strategy could help complement rice growth and yield under stress. We also investigated the gene expression and endophytic bacterial profiles of both Os and Oc in unpaired and paired conditions without and with salt. Paired plants exhibited lower salt damage indicators such as smaller reduction in plant height, electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll loss, as well as higher K+/Na+ ratio under saline stress. Some of the 39 endophytic bacteria in the mutualism experiment were unique to Oc and transferred to Os when paired. Differentially expressed genes in leaves of paired Os versus unpaired Os were 1097 (994 up-regulated, 101 down-regulated) without salt and 893 (763 up-regulated, 130 down-regulated) under salt stress. The presence of Oc plants under salt stress influenced major biological processes in Os, including oxidative stress; chitinase activity; phenylalanine catabolic process and response to ABA. Protein binding and serine/threonine kinase activity were primarily affected in molecular function. The downregulated WRKY transcription factor 22 in paired conditions under salt stress played a role in the MAPK signaling pathway, reducing respiratory cell death. The upregulated auxin-responsive protein IAA18 gene, involved in hormone signaling and cell enlargement, was present only in paired plants. Our findings therefore, offer insights into developing more effective cultivation strategies for sustainable rice production.

Converter valve-level fault location method based on the temporal differences among horizontal and longitudinal valve states

AC fault or converter fault could lead to LCC-HVDC converter protection operation, and converter protection outlet involves a random bypass pair scheme, which would expand the fault. To address this issue, a converter valve-level fault location method based on temporal differences among horizontal and longitudinal valve states is proposed. The research focuses on the inverter as the object, and analyzes the circuit state characteristics at the different fault locations within converter. In the horizontal direction of converter structure, conduction widths of AC current are constructed based on the location of commutation groups. In the converter longitudinal direction, temporal features of conduction widths are constructed based on single bridge or two bridges. Firstly, fault area is identified based on the amplitude characteristics of converter terminal currents and the abnormal characteristics of valve states. Secondly, converter internal fault is located by using the difference in the horizontal conduction width and the longitudinal temporal features between two bridges. Thirdly, the faulty phase or faulty valve is located as the valve that has the greatest virtual conduction width within the time window interval. Finally, simulations and field record data verify the validity of the proposed fault location method, and show that the proposed method has strong adaptability.

A Relationship between the Schrödinger and Klein–Gordon Theories and Continuity Conditions for Scattering Problems

A rigorous analysis is undertaken based on the analysis of both Galilean and Lorentz (Poincaré) invariance in field theories in general in order to (i) identify a unique analytical scheme for canonical pairs of Lagrangians, one of them having Galilean, the other one Poincaré invariance; and (ii) to obtain transition conditions for the state function purely from Hamilton’s principle and extended Noether’s theorem applied to the aforementioned symmetries. The general analysis is applied on Schrödinger and Klein–Gordon theory, identifying them as a canonical pair in the sense of (i) and exemplified for the scattering problem for both theories for a particle beam against a potential step in order to show that the transition conditions that result according to (ii) in a ‘natural’ way reproduce the well-known ‘methodical’ continuity conditions commonly found in the literature, at least in relevant cases, closing a relevant argumentation gap in quantum mechanical scattering problems.

The effect of using paired verbal fluency on students speaking activities

This research purpose to know whether speaking using paired verbal fluency strategies can improve Students activities and to find out how the application of using paired verbal fluency strategy in learning process. This research was conducted through pre-experimental research. The object of this research Were students SMA N 1 Idi which is located on Medan-Banda Aceh street, Tanoh Anou village, Idi Rayeuk, Aceh Timur. The research conducted at August 2022. It was conducted in one class. The research took X MIA 2 Class which consisted of 30 students. To collect quantitative data, the researcher conducted tests before and after treatment. The researcher used (t) test. To analyze the quantitative data, the research used the mean scores of the test. The findings of this research showed that the mean score in pre-test in grammar was (10) and post-test was (15). The mean score in pre-test vocabulary was (11.1) and post-test was (18.5). the mean score in pre-test comprehension (11.5) and post-test was (19). The mean score in fluency (11.5) and post-test was (18). The mean score in pronunciation was (11.3) and post-test was (18). And the total result pre-test was (11.1) and post-test (17.1). So, this is showed students got improvement in their speaking after using paired verbal fluency strategy.

On user fairness of uplink rate splitting multiple access with randomly deployed users

In this paper, we investigate fairness of an uplink rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) system with randomly deployed users, which are modeled as a homogeneous Poisson Point Process. Specifically, randomly deployed users are divided into the central and edge groups, respectively. Two RSMA schemes are considered, namely, the cognitive radio-inspired RSMA (CR-RSMA) and rate fairness-oriented RSMA (RF-RSMA). In the CR-RSMA scheme, the quality of service (QoS) requirement of the primary user (PU) is given a priority, while the secondary user (SU) is served without affecting the outage performance of the PU. In the RF-RSMA scheme, by flexibly adjusting the SU’s power allocation factor to improve the rates fairness of users. Taking into account the user's QoS requirements, we first derive the closed-form expression for the outage probability of a user with a fixed location, and then we utilize a modified Jain's index to measure user fairness. Considering that the distance between the user and the base station (BS) affects the channel fading, the relative position of the user also impacts the RSMA performance. To reveal the effect of user's location on the outage performance and user fairness, we propose the distance-based user pairing strategies and obtain closed-form expressions for outage probabilities, which by using stochastic geometry. Simulation results validate the accuracy of the analytical indicates that, in the medium and high signal-to-noise ratio regions, the proposed RSMA schemes achieve better user fairness than the benchmark schemes.

Defluorinative Thiolation of gem-Difluoroalkenes by Convergent Paired Electrolysis.

Herein, we have successfully developed a convergent paired electrolysis strategy for the defluorinative thiolation process utilizing thiols and gem-difluoroalkenes as precursors. This protocol exhibits remarkable tolerance toward a wide range of functional groups, as exemplified by the successful late-stage defluorothiolation of complex molecules. Additionally, this strategy is amenable to gram-scale synthesis, making use of both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction processes in an efficient manner. Several control studies were conducted and suggested a convergent paired electrolysis mechanism.

Impartial Cooperation in SWIPT-Assisted NOMA Systems With Random User Distribution

Impartial cooperation is considered in simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-assisted downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems with random user distribution. Unlike conventional SWIPT-assisted cooperative NOMA transmissions, we consider random user locations and investigate a transmission model in which both the near and far users of a NOMA system can serve as energy harvesting relays and forward information to each other. To assess the impact of user placement on the system performance, three user pairing schemes are designed. Closed-form expressions for the outage probability, diversity order, diversity-multiplexing trade-off (DMT), and system throughput are derived under different user location distributions, revealing that the novel SWIPT-assisted impartial cooperative NOMA improves these metrics of the near user, and does not degrade those of the far user, compared with the conventional schemes. Numerical results validate our analysis and confirm that our approach is more efficient in resource utilization, as compared to existing schemes.

A Deep Reinforcement Approach for Energy-Efficient Resource Assignment in Cooperative NOMA-Enhanced Cellular Networks

In this paper, an energy efficiency (EE) maximization problem of cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (CNOMA) network is proposed to jointly determine the user pairing, subchannel assignment, and power control scheme. We decompose it into two steps: In the first step, the optimal closed-form expressions of the power control problem are derived. Based on these, the EE optimization of whole system is formulated as a self-play Go game with the maximum EE as the winner, by constructing a virtual Go board with rows and columns representing indices of users and subchannels, respectively. The each move is to select a position on the Go board (i.e., select a user that has not been assigned to any channel and then assign a channel to it), until all users are assigned on the subchannels. Then, a deep Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) model is proposed, where a MCTS guided by a neural network simulates multiple possible trajectories to search each move by evaluating its achievable EE reward, while the neural network is trained by the training data generated from the searching of MCTS to predict move selections and also the winner of games. The simulation results show that the proposed method is superior to a variety of conventional schemes in terms of EE in negligible computational time.

A multi-level sorting prediction enhancement-based two-dimensional reversible data hiding algorithm for JPEG images

To improve the performance of reversible data hiding on JPEG images, a multi-level sorting prediction enhancement-based two-dimensional reversible data hiding algorithm for JPEG images is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the smoothness of each DCT block is evaluated by counting the location of the last non-zero coefficient in each DCT block. Then, the gradient of the object block is calculated with the DC coefficients of its surrounding blocks, and the lowest gradient direction blocks are employed to achieve the prediction of object block AC coefficients. Secondly, these gradient of adjacent blocks of the object block are compared to found the lowest gradient direction. The AC coefficient of the object block is accurately predicted by coefficients at the same position of its lowest gradient-direction adjacent blocks. Thirdly, the obtained DCT coefficient prediction errors are paired with a similar prediction-error pairing strategy to construct a two-dimensional prediction-error plane, and the secret data is imperceptibly embedded into the AC coefficients by using the two-dimensional histogram shifting algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on different datasets, and six representative images are involved in demonstrating its superiority. Extensive experimental results show that, compared to other state-of-the-art reversible data hiding algorithms, the proposed algorithm can achieve higher visual quality of the data-embedded image while maintaining low JPEG image file size increment.

Easy Peasy: A New Handy Method for Pairing Multiple COTS IoT Devices

Context-based IoT device paring is a popular solution for devices that lack an interface. However, it takes a proximate distance or a long time for IoT devices to sense highly correlated context with enough entropy. In this work, we present a novel approach for fast and secure multiple commercial off-theshelf (COTS) devices pairing in IoT scenarios. Our approach is based on the key idea that devices co-located within a physicallysecure boundary can perceive qualified context under the help of human-in-the-loop (HITL). Specifically, we leverage receivedsignal- strength (RSS) trajectory data with manually-generated interferences in a certain period as the shared secret to achieve fast and secure device pairing. Moreover, the real-time RSS trajectory data can be utilized to generate random numbers in lieu of pre-shared key (PSK), which makes our scheme more resistant to background attacks. We theoretically prove the security of our pairing scheme and implement it in some real-world environments. Our experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can effectively defend against malicious devices by imposing a threshold on the similarity of RSS trajectory data. The experimental results also show that, compared with the traditional context-based pairing that takes up to 24 hours, the legitimate device in our scheme takes only 10 seconds to pass the similarity check on average, which is efficient and feasible

Adaptive User Pairing in Multi-IRS-Aided Massive MIMO-NOMA Networks: Spectral Efficiency Maximization and Deep Learning Design

In this paper, we propose an adaptive user pairing (AUP) scheme in multi-intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks. In the AUP scheme, two users with different channel conditions are selected for user pairing while multiple IRSs assist to improve received signal quality at users. We consider the problem of jointly optimizing the precoding matrix, the phase shift of IRSs, and the user pairing element to maximize the overall spectral efficiency (SE) subject to the maximum power budget at the base station (BS) and user-specific quality-of-service (QoS). The SE problem formulated as the maximization of non-concave functions involves a mixed-integer program, which is very challenging to solve optimally. To tackle this problem, we first relax the user pairing elements to be continuous and then transform the formulated problem into an equivalent non-convex problem with a more tractable form. We then apply the iterative algorithm (IA) with low complexity to guarantee convergence at a relative optimum. Towards real-time optimization, we propose a deep learning (DL) framework to predict the optimal solution of the precoding matrix, the phase shift of IRSs, and user pairing elements according to the user’s locations and channel gains. Compared to the conventional optimization method, the DL-based optimization framework can achieve the optimal solution within a very short time via an efficient inference process. Numerical results verify that the proposed algorithm improves the SE over state-of-the-art approaches. Moreover, the effects of essential parameters such as the total BS transmit power, the number of UEs, IRSs, and BS’s antennas on the system are discussed and evaluated to show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in balancing resource utilization.

Current strategies in cationic liposomal vaccine development for anti-cancer therapy

Nanomedicine is currently at the forefront of technology. Nanovaccines are a relevant development derived from this field and comprise nanoparticles ranging from 50-250 nm to deliver antigens and other immunomodulatory agents. Their formulation can include liposomes, which are widely known as safe and allow their engineering to be cationic, conferring a superior immunostimulatory effect. This promising strategy for vaccine delivery has gained interest in cancer as it provides higher targeting efficiency, increased antigen stability, prolonged circulation time, and enhanced uptake by antigen-presenting cells, mainly dendritic cells. Therefore, this minireview discusses recent research on cationic liposome-based vaccine delivery systems for anti-cancer therapy. Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were screened for original and review papers published in the last ten years. The antigen association with the cationic nanoparticles either by electrostatic interactions or complementary coiled coil peptide pair strategy were found as the most promising strategies. The work also highlights the potential of this therapeutic platform for enhancing the T-cell immune response against cancer through mRNA-containing formulations for different routes of administration, providing a detailed physicochemical characterization of the reported nanosystems.