Paecilomyces Varioti Research Articles

Drimane-type sesquiterpenoids from Cryptoporus volvatus infected by Paecilomyces varioti

Three simple drimane-type sesquiterpenoids and two drimane sesquiterpenic ethers of isocitric acid were isolated from Cryptoporus volvatus infected by the fungus Paecylomyces varioti. The ether bond of cryptoporic acids obtained from fresh C. volvatus, were cleaved by P. varioti to give simple drimane sesquiterpenoids.

Studies on the solubilization of German coal by fungi

The capability of seven basidiomycetes (Trametes versicolor, Poria placenta, Pleurotus florida, P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, P. eryngii, Stropharia sp.), one ascomycete (Chaetomium globosum) and five hyphomycetes and moulds (Humicola grisea, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus terreus, Paecilomyces varioti, Papulaspora immersa) to solubilize medium and high volatile bituminous coals (types A and B) as well as four types of lignite B from Germany was tested in surface cultures. The intensity of bioliquefaction was determined by estimating the rate of droplet formation and by measuring the loss of weight of the coal granules gravimetrically. The bituminous coals with a relative high degree of coalification were only moderately converted by Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus florida, P. ostreatus and P. sajor-caju. The three species of Pleurotus caused the greatest rate of biosolubilization of lignite, yielding a loss of weight of the coal granules of more than 5.8% with a maximum of 7.6% with P. florida. The non-basidiomycetes proved to be less active with a liquefaction rate of up to 3.5% with Trichoderma viride. In general, the geologically younger lignite coals were more effectively solubilized than the older hard coals. The volatile matter and the oxygen content proved to be the principal factors influencing the intensity of bioconversion.

Paecilomyces varioti pneumonia in a patient with diabetes mellitus

Paecilomyces is a saprophytic soil fungus that is an uncommon human pathogen. We report a diabetic patient who developed an upper lobe pulmonary infection due to Paecilomyces varioti. This pneumonia responded poorly to oral imidazole therapy with ketoconazole. Eventual treatment of the chronic infiltrating process required administration of intravenous amphotericin B. This experience emphasizes the potential pathologic nature of this fungus when immunity is compromised by poorly controlled diabetes.

Purification and Substrate Specificity ofα-Glucosidase fromPaecilomyces variotiAHU 9417

An extracellular α-glucosidase was purified from the culture broth of Paecilomyces varioti AHU 9417 by a combination of precipitation with ethanol, chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Bio-Gel P-150, and preparative gel electrophoresis. The enzyme migrated as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated to be 100,000 by SDS-disc electrophoresis, and the optimum pH of activity was 4.5. The enzyme had a wide substrate specificity, as it rapidly hydrolysed maltooligosaccharides and isomaltooligosaccharides. The ratios of Vmax for maltose, isomaltose, kojibiose, nigerose, phenyl α-glucoside, maltotriose, isomaltotriose, panose, phenyl α-maltoside, and soluble starch were estimated to be 100, 72, 31, 105, 9.6, 103, 73, 47, 115, and 66, and the Km (mM of nonreducing terminal) for these substrates were 0.40, 2.4, 1.6, 2.5, 0.23, 0.33, 4.6, 0.67, 0.24, and 4.7 mM, respectively. The enzyme is characterized by a high activity toward isomaltose.

Microbial degradation of pendimethalin

Microbial degradation of pendimethalin (N-(1-Ethylpropyl)-3, 4-dimethyl-2, 6-dinitroaniline) in vitro was studied. Fusarium oxysporum and Paecilomyces varioti, two soil fungi, in culture media degraded pendimethalin to two metabolites namely N-(1-Ethylpropyl)-3, 4-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene-1, 6-diamine (II) and 3,4-Dimethyl-2, 6-dinitroaniline (IV). Rhizoctonia bataticola, another soil fungus, decomposed pendimethalin yielding only the latter metabolite (IV). Fungal decomposition of pendimethalin involved nitro reduction and dealkylation.

Incidence of heat-resistant fungi in Nsukka, Southern Nigeria

A total of 42 soil samples collected from different parts of Nsukka, Southern Nigeria, and 20 freshly plucked mango fruits were screened for the presence of heat-resistant fungi. Each soil sample, suspended in sterile water, and washings from each mango fruit were separately heated at 70°C for 1 h before plating on double-strength potato dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol and incubating at approx. 28°C. Approximately 98% of all soil samples and 17% of mango fruits contained heat-resistant fungi which were identified as Neosartorya fischeri, N. fischeri var. spinosa, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium citrinum and Paecilomyces varioti which has not been reported in tropical soil. Neosartorya spp. were predominant and occurred in all positive samples. Fungal counts ranged from non-detectable to 200 colony-forming units per 10 g of soil. Most isolates appeared to grow faster at 35°C than at 30°C and 40°C

Purification and characterization of endo-1,4-β-xylanase from Paecilomyces varioti Bainier

An endo-xylanase (1,4-β- d-xylanxylanohydrolase EC 3.2.1.8) was isolated from the culture filtrate of Paecilomyces varioti Bainier. The enzyme was purified 3.2 fold with a 60% yield by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 25,000 with a sedimentation coefficient of 2.2 S. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 3.9. The enzyme was obtained in crystalline form. The optimum pH range was 5.5–7.0 and the temperature, 65°C. The Michaelis constant was 2.5 mg larchwood xylan/ml. The enzyme was found to degrade xylan by an endo mechanism producing arabinose, xylobiose, xylo- and arabinosylxylo-oligosaccharides, during the initial stages of hydrolysis. On prolonged incubation, xylotriose, arabinosylxylotriose and xylobiose were the major products with traces of xylotetraose, xylose and arabinose.

Extracellular β-galactosidase of Paecilomyces varioti

Conference Article| April 01 1988 Extracellular β-galactosidase of Paecilomyces varioti MARY R. O'MAHONY; MARY R. O'MAHONY 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CATHERINE T. KELLY; CATHERINE T. KELLY 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM M. FOGARTY WILLIAM M. FOGARTY 1Department of Industrial Microbiology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1988) 16 (2): 183–184. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160183 Article history Received: September 23 1987 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation MARY R. O'MAHONY, CATHERINE T. KELLY, WILLIAM M. FOGARTY; Extracellular β-galactosidase of Paecilomyces varioti. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1988; 16 (2): 183–184. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160183 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Biochemical Society1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Effect of soil treatment with sewage and sludge on fungal populations.

The effect of soil treatment with sewage and sludge at three doses (1%, 10% and 20% w/w) on its fungal population was studied in vitro. The treatment of soil with sewage significantly increased the count of total fungi after 1 week by the high dose, and after 12 weeks by each of the three doses. Fungi differed in their response to the different doses of sewage: some were promoted and others were inhibited. The count of total fungi was significantly raised by the low dose of sludge after 1 week of soil treatment, and by the medium and the high doses after 12 weeks. Counts of all fungi were significantly increased at certain treatments with sludge, except those of Aspergillus niger (at the high dose after 6 weeks), Fusarium (at each of the three doses after 3 weeks and at the high dose after 6 weeks) and Paecilomyces varioti (by the medium and the high doses after 1 week) whose counts were significantly lower than those in untreated soil.

A novel thermostable extracellular ?-galactosidase of Paecilomyces varioti

A novel thermostable extracellular β-galactosidase of Paecilomyces varioti was purified 47-fold by precipitation with iso-propanol followed by ion-exchange chromatography with carboxymethyl-cellulose and ultrafiltration. An interesting feature of this enzyme was the high activity on cellobiose combined with a remarkably low activity on o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside. The enzyme, a glycoprotein, had a molecular weight of 94,000, an isoelectric point of 4.1, a pH optimum of 3.5 and a temperature optimum at 50° C. It was 95% stable for 3 h at 60° C. Enzyme activity was inhibited by mercury, nickel, barium, iron, copper and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. A Km of 64 mM for lactose was observed. Glucono-δ-lactone and glucosamine both effected mixed inhibition. The enzyme displayed transferase activity.

Inter- and intraspecific feeding selectivity of Folsomia candida (Willem) (Collembola, Isotomidae) on fungi

Selective grazing of fungi by soil microarthropods may affect decomposition rates of litter materials and the structure of microarthropod and fungal communities. We developed laboratory methods to assay feeding selectivity and investigated the preferences of the collembolan Folsomia candida on three fungi: Acremonium sp., Paecilomyces varioti, and Penicillium citrinum. F. candida showed stronger preference for Acremonium sp. than for P. varioti and P. citrinum. Oviposition site selection followed the same pattern. Actively metabolizing hyphae of Acremonium sp. and P. varioti were preferred over senescent hyphae, while spores of P. citrinum were preferred over active hyphae. If microarthropod preference for active hyphae is extensive, microarthropod regulation of decomposition could be more important than their biomass indicates. Furthermore, as the P. citrinum results indicate, mechanisms of microbial dissemination may include selective grazing.

Production of ?-malic acid by Paecilomyces varioti

Preliminary data for production of l-malic acid from calcium acetate byPaecilomyces varioti is presented. Shake flask cultures with free cells and with cells immobilised in calcium alginate beads gave comparable results, acid concentrations of approximately 8 g/l being produced after 5 days from a medium containing 4% w/w of calcium acetate. A packed bed reactor, operated as an extended batch with product recycle, produced maximum acid concentrations of 32.6 g/l, equivalent to 73% of the maximum theoretical yield, after 3 days. Evidence obtained indicated that spores were more active than mycelia in the production of malic acid.

Purification and kinetic properties of butyryl-CoA synthetase from Paecilomyces varioti.

A butyryl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.2) was obtained from Paecilomyces varioti AHU 9417 in a highly purified form, which appeared to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence and presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The purified enzyme exhibited molecular weights of 145,000 for the native enzyme and 74,000 for the subunit. This enzyme required both monovalent and divalent cations for the reaction. The enzyme was active toward saturated fatty acids with 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and butyrate was the best substrate. The reaction mechanism of the enzyme was also investigated and was found to conform to a Bi-Uni-Uni-Bi ping-pong mechanism, in which the order of addition and evolution of substrates and products was ATP, butyrate, PPi, CoA, butyryl-CoA (or AMP) and AMP (or butyryl-CoA). Butyryl-CoA and AMP were evolved at random or at the same time.

Deterioration of shelled oil palm kernels caused by seedborne fungi

AbstractAutoclaved oil palm kernels were inoculated with spores of seedborne isolates of either Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. janthinellum, Paecilomyces varioti, Syncephalastrum racemosum or Fusarium oxysporum. At 0, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation, determinations were made of the moisture content, oil, free fatty acids (FFA), sugars and protein nitrogen. The principal biochemical changes induced by these fungi were increases in moisture content and FFA, decreases in total oil and total sugars and a degradation of protein nitrogen. Aspergillus flavus caused the greatest changes, and P. varioti caused the least changes under the moisture conditions of this experiment. The main type of deterioration was hydrolytic rancidity of the oil, resulting in a dark reddish‐orange‐coloured oil and a discoloration of the kernel meal.

The use of single and mixed cultures for aerobic treatment of cane sugar stillage and SCP production

Cane sugar stillage (vinasse) is an important polluting agent. In Argentina the present production exceeds 2 million cubic metres per annum and is to become higher. Aerobic microbial treatments of vinasse using mixed cultures for biomass production and COD reduction were evaluated. Candida utilis, Saccharomycopsis lipolitica, Aspergillus niger, A. orizae, Trichoderma viride, Paecilomyces varioti, Rhizopus sp., Azotobacter vinelandii, A. chroococcum, Brevibacterium flavum, and Corynebacterium acetoacidophilum were assayed in single and mixed cultures. Biomass levels from 9 to 23 g litre −1 were obtained with COD reductions from 30% to 65% in batch cultures. With C. utilis and A. niger in a two-step continuous culture the maximum COD reduction obtained was 89%.

Purification and characterization of NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase from Paecilomyces varioti.

NADP+-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) was purified to homogeneity from a crude extract of acetate-grown Paecilomyces varioti AHU 9417 with high malic acid productivity, by ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Matrex Blue-A and Agarose-hexane-NADP+. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 99,000 and the subunit molecular weight was 51,000. The optimum pH for the reaction was 8.4. The Km values for threo-Ds-isocitrate and NADP+ were calculated to be 12μm and 4.4μm, respectively. Adenine nucleotides had little effect on enzyme activity. Of metabolic intermediates related to the TCA and glyoxylate cycles, α-ketoglutarate inhibited the activity for isocitrate competitively and oxalacetate, non-competitively. Addition of other organic acids such as succinate, fumarate, and pyruvate brought no or slight inhibition at the concentration of 1 mm. However, when oxalacetate and glyoxylate were added simultaneously, the enzyme activity was strongly inhibited at...

Purification and substrate specificity of glucoamylase of Paecilomyces varioti AHU 9417.

A glucoamylase was purified from the culture broth of Paecilomyces varioti AHU 9417 by precipitation with ethanol, chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-150, and preparative disc electrophoresis. The enzyme was homogeneous by disc electrophoretic analysis. The molecular weight was estimated to be 6.9×104 by SDS-disc electrophoresis, and the optimum pH was 4.5. The enzyme preferentially hydrolyzes α-1,4-glucosidic linkages in a series of maltooligosaccharides, and is capable to slowly hydrolyzing nigerose, isomaltose, and panose, but is not active on kojibriose. Soluble starch, amylopectin, glycogen, and β-limit dextrin are rapidly degraded. Activity toward raw starches is very low, but rice and waxy corn raw starches are relatively subject to attack. The subsite affinities (Ai) of each subsite (i) in the active site of the enzyme were evaluated from the Michaelis constants (Km) and the molecular activities (k0) for a series of maltooligosaccharides according to the subsite th...

Use of Computers in Pekilo-Protein Production

The paper deals with development work and experiences on computer applications in the Pekilo-process. The Pekilo-process is an industrial single cell protein (SCP) production process, by which SCP can be produced from suitable carbohydrates like sulphite liquor, wood hydrolysates, molasses etc. The process is based on continuous fermentation of Paecilomyces varioti microfungus with high growth rates resulting 55-60 % w/w raw protein content. Up to this time two full scaled plants using spent sulphite liquor have been constructed in Finland.

Allergenic properties of a feed protein of microfungal origin.

We studied thirty-five process and laboratory workers occupationally exposed to Paecilomyces varioti protein. The protein, used as an animal feed, is prepared industrially by fermentation in pulp waste liquor. Skin tests and radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) to detect specific IgE antibodies showed positive results to Paecilomyces antigen among the workers and among the atopic control persons not occupationally exposed to Paecilomyces protein. Also IgG antibodies to Paecilomyces protein could be detected in workers and in controls in similar amounts in both groups. In no worker could clinical symptoms due to Paecilomyces protein allergy be found. We conclude that positive skin tests and RASTs indicate that immediate hypersensitivity to Paecilomyces antigens occurs. Clinical allergy probably has been prevented by the closed manufacturing process, which keeps occupational exposure at a low level.

Laboratory tests of 8-quinolinol as an additive to volatile fatty acids for preserving hay and other feedstuffs

One part of 8-quinolinol in ten parts of propionic acid, either free or part-neutralised with ammonia, halved the acid required for preserving grass and lucerne hays, beans, rape seed and cereal grains containing sufficient moisture to mould. Propionic acid with 8-quinolinol delays moulding and diminishes the rate of spread of mould growth so that maximum temperatures attained are lowered and growth of thermophilic organisms is prevented. The application of 8-quinolinol and propionic acid to grass on cutting with, or without, use of formic acid as desiccant assisted inhibition of moulding especially in conjunction with ammonium propionate treatment after drying. The additive acts by inhibiting the growth of fungi which tolerate and degrade propionic and related fatty acids. The growth of two such fungi, Paecilomyces varioti and Aspergillus glaucus, is inhibited in culture by much smaller concentrations (less than 200 μM or 30 ppm) of 8-quinolinol than are required on hay, which strongly absorbs the additive and makes it less effective.