Oxidation Of Compounds Research Articles

Enhancement of high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resistance behaviors of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V by ultrasonic shot peening

In the present study, Ultrasonic shot peening (USSP) method has been adopted to understand the electrochemical corrosion resistance, high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resistance of Ti alloy (Ti6Al4V) fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process. The results showed the significant enhancement in electrochemical corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl, high temperature oxidation resistance and hot corrosion resistance in Na2SO4 + 25 % NaCl and Na2SO4 + 50 % V2O5 at 750 °C after the USSP treatment. Various characterization techniques such as Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) used to characterize the high temperature oxidation as well as the hot corrosion products and the result confirms the formation of various oxide compounds such as TiO2, Al2O3, V2O3, V2O5, Na2TiO3 etc. Grain size have been significantly reduced from 62.4 ± 6.5 to 39.3 ± 3.4 μm and it substantially improved the hardness value from 386 to 457.5 HV after USSP treatment.

Enhancing Energy Solutions and Environmental Remediation: Piezocatalysis in Ferroelectric High-Entropy Oxides and 2D Materials

Hydrogen is the most abundant element on Earth, and it is a safe and efficient source of energy. Through electrocatalysis and photocatalysis water molecules can be split into O and H2, which can then be used for fuel. This has been widely studied as a promising approach to reduce CO2 emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. A solar-assisted electrochemical process that generates H2 without toxic byproducts is being investigated. Solutions involving the remediation of water pollutants, water splitting, and clean energy alternatives have been widely investigated. However, most semiconducting photocatalysts are not very efficient when used in water-based solutions, because they have a low quantum yield. This talk will report how the piezocatalyts and flexocatalysts can proceed with electrochemical reactions for highly efficient wastewater treatment and hydrogen production. Considering the piezophototronic effect in the visible range, we combined a ferroelectric component with a high entropy oxide (HEO) compound, which can significantly enhance the charge transfer of the HEO's surface, enhancing the catalytic activity (Figure 1). Theoretical calculations revealed that a ferroelectric component could create an inner electric field at interfacial phase boundaries and effectively moderate free carriers, strengthening the charge separation in the ferroelectric HEO catalyst. When an external mechanical force was coupled with photoirradiation, the photoinduced charge separation coupled with piezoelectric polarization enhanced the charge transport in trapping sites. In this talk, I will provide an overview of High Entropy Oxide (HEO) ferroelectric catalysts, along with advancements in piezocatalysts within 2D materials and ferroelectric domains. The concepts presented will pave the way for designing next-generation piezo-photocatalysts.References Y. T. Lin, S. N. Lai, J. M. Wu*, Advanced Materials 32 (34), 2002875, 2020.SC Chang, HY Chen, PH Chen, JT Lee, JM Wu*, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 324, 122204, 2023. Figure 1

Trace Metal Levels in Seawater, Suspended Particulate Matter and Sediment in Mersin Bay, Turkey

The concentrations and distributions of trace metals in surface sediment, water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) in coastal area of Mersin Bay were studied to determined the anthropogenic inputs from surrounding activities. Elevated zinc levels (275 ppm) represent the trace metal with the highest concentration, as measured in suspended particulate matter samples collected from the Kazanlı and Karaduvar areas. The high concentrations are associated with terrestrial inputs from the anthropogenic (domestic +industrial) sources. An important observation is that increasing concentrations are found in dissolved phase, sediment and particulate phase, respectively. But this is not the case for Cr which is higher in sediment. This is related to intense activity of chromium processing plant working for many years. Moreover, Cd and Cr concentrations in surface sediments are above the shale average. Heavy metal concentrations in surface sediments are Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd, respectively. The elevated copper level relative to cadmium in surface sediments is likely attributable to the higher stability of surface complexes with clay minerals, which constitute the primary components of the sediments. Adsorption of zinc to iron and manganese oxide compounds in the sediment is a possible explanation for the high amounts of zinc that were found in the sediments. The estimated index values (enrichment factor, geoacumulation index and pollution load index) indicated widespread contamination of Cr and Cd in Mersin Bay. The origins of these trace metals in the sediments were caused by human activity, and the region was categorized as a moderately severely polluted area.

CHARACTERIZATION SUBSOLIDUS SYSTEM STRUCTURE CaO - Al2O3 - CoO – NiO

The paper presents the results of calculations characterizing the elements of the subsolidus structure of the CaO– Al2O3 – CoO – NiO system, which is promising for the production of modified aluminous cements and heterophase materials with a complex of unique properties. Insufficient information about the structure of the four-component phase diagram of a certain multicomponent system makes it difficult to obtain such materials. To predict the phase composition of materials, theoretical studies of the structure of the system were carried out. An analysis of the features of the coexistence of heterophase combinations was carried out, taking into account geometric-topological and statistical characteristics. The technological risks of predicting the phase composition of materials that arise in certain concentration regions of the system under study are shown. Calculations were carried out over the entire temperature range, both up to the melting point of the ternary oxide compound Ca3CoAl4O10 at 1439 K, and in a higher temperature region. Using known methods, the characteristics of eutectics in some sections of the system under study, which is of interest for the technological design of materials, were calculated. The results of calculations of the characteristics of eutectics show that among the analyzed tetrahedra, the minimum eutectic temperature (1367 K) is observed between the oxides of cobalt, nickel, calcium-cobalt aluminate and calcium monoaluminate, which can be realized for the synthesis of heterophase materials with a high content of Ca3CoAl4O10. Such materials have practical application in various industries: lime production; lime binders; corundum abrasives and refractories; high temperature catalysts; ceramics with special electromagnetic properties.

Unlocking BaTiO3 - SrTiO3 As Anodes for Highly Efficient and Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Amidst the swift expansion of the electric vehicle industry, the imperative for alternative battery technologies that balance economic feasibility with sustainability has reached unprecedented importance. Herein, we utilized Perovskite-based oxide compounds, namely barium titanate (BaTiO3) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanoparticles, as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries from straight forward and simple carbonate-based electrolyte 1M LiPF6 (1:1 EC: DEC) with 10% Fluoroethylene carbonate. SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 electrodes delivered specific capacity of 80 mA h g-1 at a safe and low average working potential of ≈ 0.6 V vs Li/Li+ with excellent high-rate performance and long cycling of ~ 500 cycles at 100 mA g-1 current density. Our findings pave the way for the direct utilization of perovskite-type materials as anode materials in Li-ion batteries due to their promising potential for Li+ storage. This investigation addresses the escalating market demands in a sustainable manner and opens avenues for the investigation of diverse perovskite oxides as advanced anodes for next-generation metal-ion batteries. KEYWORDS: SrTiO3, BaTiO3, Perovskite, Lithium-ion batteries

Enhancing reactive oxygen release-replenishment and Lewis acid acidity by Nb doping in NbmCeOx for simultaneous elimination of NOx and toluene

Multi-pollutant control (MPC) is a promising technology for the simultaneous removal of nitrogen oxidation (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in fossil and biomass fuel combustion. This study uses Nb doping CeO2 bimetallic oxide catalysts to meet low-temperature NH3-SCR de-NOx, catalytic toluene oxidation and simultaneous elimination of NOx and toluene. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are applied to confirm the Nb doping into the lattice of CeO2 for Nb0.034CeOx and Nb0.36CeOx, but excess Nb in polymeric state NbOx present in Nb0.36CeOx. The effects of Nb doping on surface adsorbed oxygen, surface lattice oxygen and bulk phase lattice oxygen were investigated by XPS, EPR, O2-TPD, H2-TPR and DFT calculations. Using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), it is investigated that the surface reactive oxygen species (including surface adsorbed oxygen and surface lattice oxygen) participates in NO oxidation, NH3 activation and toluene oxidation process. The reaction mechanism of NH3-SCR de-NOx, toluene oxidation and multi-pollutant co-elimination processes, as well as interactions between multiple reactants in the MPC reaction, were also studied with in-situ DRIFTS. It is found that Nb doping contributes to the mobility of lattice oxygen, which favors the oxidation of NH3 to NH2 and the release and rapid replenishment of reactive oxygen species at temperature ≥ 210 °C. The strong Lewis acid sites (Nb5+) promote the adsorption of NH3 species and their stability. These facilitate the NH3-SCR de-NOx in a wide temperature range and achieve the elimination of multiple pollutants on Nb0.034CeOx. So, Nb0.034CeOx exhibits matching activity temperature window in 170–390 °C for MPC (100 ppm toluene and 1000 ppm NO) over 90 % NO and toluene conversion in wet condition. Polymeric NbOx inhibits the activity of surface adsorbed oxygen and surface lattice oxygen and weakens the acidity of Lewis acid, therefore leading Nb0.36CeOx to poor performance of toluene oxidation and NH3-SCR at low-temperature.

Content of nitric oxide and glycative compounds in cured meat products-Negative impact upon health

Content of nitric oxide and glycative compounds in cured meat products-Negative impact upon health

Long short term memory networks for predicting resilient Modulus of stabilized base material subject to wet-dry cycles

The resilient modulus (MR) of different pavement materials is one of the most important input parameters for the mechanistic-empirical pavement design approach. The dynamic triaxial test is the most often used method for evaluating the MR, although it is expensive, time-consuming, and requires specialized lab facilities. The purpose of this study is to establish a new model based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for predicting the MR of stabilized base materials with various additives during wet-dry cycles (WDC). A laboratory dataset of 704 records has been used using input parameters, including WDC, ratio of calcium oxide to silica, alumina, and ferric oxide compound, Maximum dry density to the optimal moisture content ratio (DMR), deviator stress (σd), and confining stress (σ3). The results demonstrate that the LSTM technique is very accurate, with coefficients of determination of 0.995 and 0.980 for the training and testing datasets, respectively. The LSTM model outperforms other developed models, such as support vector regression and least squares approaches, in the literature. A sensitivity analysis study has determined that the DMR parameter is the most significant factor, while the σd parameter is the least significant factor in predicting the MR of the stabilized base material under WDC. Furthermore, the SHapley Additive exPlanations approach is employed to elucidate the optimal model and examine the impact of its features on the final result.

Coal structure evaluation and morphological properties that affect the coal usage in industries

The contemporary research article is central to understanding coal structure evaluation and the morphological development impacting its utilization in different applications. Through Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) designs high content phyllosilicates minerals and swelling clay minerals were rationalized to provides a novel insight into enhanced coal beneficiation and the benefits of coal by-product re-utilization progressions that encourage safer environments and economic sustainability. This work commences with collection of five (5) different coal samples from the central district region in Botswana, sample characterization deploying Thermogravimetric coal analysis (TGA), x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI) test that was directed to quantification of the coal hardness and fracture toughness during milling. The cumulative objective was to understand the correlation that exists between the natural composition of the coal sample and their adaptation and application in various carbonaceous products. A solid connection was thus identified in the sulfur and phosphorus weight percentage inclusions in all the coal materials hence higher significance in sphalerite mineral phases (Zn, Fe) S critically increased the fracture toughness and hardness properties. Moreover, mineral amalgams intrinsic to the coal maceral such as aluminum oxides (Al2O3), silicate (SiO2), calcites (CaO), Iron oxide (Fe2O3), potassium feldspars (K − AlSi3O8), albite (Na − AlSi3O8), and anorthite (Ca − Al2Si2O8) compounds in alkali feldspars were detected in larger quantities. The coal industry has attracted much industrial attention to manufacturing foundations producing cement, ceramic tiles, paving bricks, and material synthesis and will continue to supply other economic sectors in the conceivable future.Graphical

Eco-Conscious Approach to Synthesizing Aluminum Oxides Using Nonthermal Plasma Technology

AlO is a prevalent oxide compound composed of aluminum and oxygen, with the chemical formula Al2O3. This study aims to prepare aluminum oxide nanoparticles using aluminum nitrate nonahydrate Al(NO[Formula: see text] 9H2O through direct exposure to a plasma jet system using argon gas, as plasma is the fourth state of matter and a common effective method. The major study in the preparation of Al2O3 nanoparticles, which is a physical method, examines the effect of aluminum oxide nanoparticles against bacteria and fungi. Different methods were used for diagnosis. The X-ray diffraction examination showed an average particle size of 37.8 nm. It was also found through the UV-Vis examination that a surface plasmon resonance was formed at 300 nm with an energy gap value of 4.21 eV. The electron microscope field emission scanning (FE-SEM) was used to study the surface morphology. The results of biological testing showed that aluminum oxide nanoparticles have high antibacterial and antifungal activity.

Characterization of Disinfection By-Products Originating from Residual Chlorine-Based Disinfectants in Drinking Water Sources.

In this study, samples from the Yangtze River, Han River, and Liangzi Lake in Wuhan City were utilized to characterize the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) from chlorine-based disinfection residues in drinking water sources. The results indicated that the main DBPs in drinking water sources were trichloromethane (TCM) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA). The generation of DBPs was significantly positively correlated with oxidative substances, aromatic compounds, pH, and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content in the water. The concentration of TCAA increased from 0 to 2.45 ± 0.31 mg/L when the reaction time increased to 72 h. As the NaClO concentration increased from 5 mg/L to 15 mg/L, the concentrations of TCAA, TBM, and DCAN increased from 2.03 ± 0.04 mg/L, 0 mg/L, and 0 mg/L to 2.49 ± 0.34 mg/L, 0.21 ± 0.07 mg/L, and 0.10 ± 0.04 mg/L before decreasing to 1.75 ± 0.19 mg/L, 0.17 ± 0.07 mg/L, and 0.04 ± 0.05 mg/L, respectively. The orthogonal experimental results showed that Br-, NH3-N, and pH all had significant influences on the TCM generation, whereas temperature affected the formation of TCAA in the Han River. This work reveals the factors influencing the generation of DBPs from chlorine-based disinfection residues, offering a prevention and control method for DBPs in drinking water sources from a theoretical perspective.

Physicochemical characterization of thermally oxidized rapeseed oil: An insight into combining acoustic diagnostic technique and chemometrics

This study aimed to apply an ultrasonic pulse-echo system to characterize thermally oxidized rapeseed oil. After 60 h of heating treatment (165 ± 5 °C), the physicochemical (density, viscosity, acid value, iodine value and polar compounds) and acoustic properties (velocity, acoustic impedance, maximum amplitude of the first echo, difference in amplitude, and area under the curve) of rapeseed oil were measured. Support vector machine, random forest (RF), and backpropagation neural network algorithms were used to establish quantitative prediction models for viscosity and polar compounds based on the acoustic properties of rapeseed oil. The results indicated significant correlations between acoustic impedance and viscosity (R = 0.70), as well as between acoustic impedance and polar compounds (R = 0.79). Heating treatment reduced oil unsaturation and led to the formation of oxidative and polymeric compounds, which in turn increased the velocity and impedance, while decreasing the other three acoustic features. The RF model yielded the best performance in predicting viscosity (R2 = 0.7944) and polar compounds (R2 = 0.8385). These findings highlight that ultrasonic technology not only accurately predicts key quality parameters, but also provides a rapid, non-destructive, and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods for characterizing thermally oxidized rapeseed oil.

Effect of Boric Oxide Compounds on the Physical Properties and Structure of “Huta Ginjang” Quartz Sand-Based Glass Medium

Effect of Boric Oxide Compounds on the Physical Properties and Structure of “Huta Ginjang” Quartz Sand-Based Glass Medium

Unveiling BaTiO3-SrTiO3 as Anodes for Highly Efficient and Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Amidst the swift expansion of the electric vehicle industry, the imperative for alternative battery technologies that balance economic feasibility with sustainability has reached unprecedented importance. Herein, we utilized Perovskite-based oxide compounds barium titanate (BaTiO3) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3) nanoparticles as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries from straightforward and standard carbonate-based electrolyte with 10% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive [1M LiPF6 (1:1 EC: DEC) + 10% FEC]. SrTiO3 and BaTiO3 electrodes can deliver a high specific capacity of 80 mA h g-1 at a safe and low average working potential of ≈0.6 V vs. Li/Li+ with excellent high-rate performance with specific capacity of ~90 mA h g-1 at low current density of 20 mA g-1 and specific capacity of ~80 mA h g-1 for over 500 cycles at high current density of 100 mA g-1. Our findings pave the way for the direct utilization of perovskite-type materials as anode materials in Li-ion batteries due to their promising potential for Li+ ion storage. This investigation addresses the escalating market demands in a sustainable manner and opens avenues for the investigation of diverse perovskite oxides as advanced anodes for next-generation metal-ion batteries.

A Comparative Study of Hydrothermally Leached Al3TM and Al3TM-Rh (TM=Zr, V, Ce) Intermetallic Compounds for Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide.

Rise of the mute assassin "carbon monoxide (CO)" levels impact all aerobic life. The elevated rates of CO concentration endure climatic and geographical characteristics that exacerbate air pollution. Herein, a simple approach for hydrothermal leaching (HyTL) of Al3TM-Rh0.5 (Target material (TM)=Zr, V, Ce) and Al3TM (TM=Zr, V, Ce) intermetallic compounds produces leached products of ZrO2, VO2, and CeO2 with Rhodium (Rh) as an active component. The characterization result reveals the HyTL process and the presence of the active Rh element that elevated the performance of HyTL-Al3Zr-Rh0.5 towards CO conversion compared to other samples. Further, the cubic ZrO2 phase selectively forms after HyTL at 130 °C even though the formation of the cubic ZrO2 phase takes place at a high temperature. Moreover, the presence of Rh promotes higher catalytic activity in all the cases with low temperatures. The advancement in the present study towards the catalytic oxidation of CO over the hydrothermally leached ZrO2-Rh nanocatalyst guarantees the perspective of the aggregation-activation process.

Metabolic mechanisms of carbon and nitrogen interactions during anaerobic digestion of coal

There was limited research on the impact of nitrogen metabolism in the process of methane production with coal, even if carbon and nitrogen metabolism were closely interconnected. Lignite was the source of carbon and nitrogen in anaerobic digestion system. The relationship between carbon and nitrogen metabolism was systematically discussed during the anaerobic digestion process. The results showed that phenolic carbon or ether carbon (C-O), pyridine-type nitrogen (N-6) and nitrogen oxide compound (N-X) in coal were decomposed under the action of Macellibacteroides, Sphaerochaeta and Trichococcus in the hydrolysis stage, respectively. In the acidogenesis stage, the stress of volatile fatty acids and ammonia produced by dissolved organic matter under the action of Syner-01 and Sphaerochaeta on hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogens was alleviated during the nitrogen cycle. In the acetogenesis stage, acetic acid produced from the decomposition of organic acids and alcohols by Synergistaceae and Sedimentibacter was competed by denitrifying bacteria and acetogenic methanogens. In the methanogenesis stage, CO2 was reduced by Methanobacterium and Methanoculleus to produce CH4, while acetic acid was decomposed by Methanosaeta to produce CH4. And methyl substances were generated into CH4 by Methanosarcina and Methanofastidiosum. This understanding will provide a basis for strengthening the favorable factors in biomethane production.

Using Celery Powder in a Semi-Dry Fermented Sausage 'Heat-Treated Sucuk': Nitrosamine Formation, Lipid Oxidation, and Volatile Compounds.

This study investigated the effect of using celery powder (CP) as source of pre-converted nitrite (treatments: A: 150 mg/kg NaNO2, B: 100 mg/kg NaNO2 + CP as 50 mg/kg NaNO2 equivalent, C: 50 mg/kg NaNO2 + CP as 100 mg/kg NaNO2 equivalent, D: CP as 150 mg/kg NaNO2 equivalent) on the physicochemical and microbiological properties in heat-treated sucuk (HTS), a kind of semi-dry fermented sausage. The influence of cooking time (CT) on the nitrosamine formation in HTS with and without CP was also determined. The results indicated that the use of CP increased the pH value and decreased the aw value. Micrococcus/Staphylococcus and residual nitrite were not affected by the use of CP. TBARS value varied from 0.78 to 0.90 mg MDA/kg. CP did not affect the abundance of hexanal in HTS, however, it increased the abundance of camphene. The results of PCA showed that treatments A, B, and C had similar volatile compound profiles. CP did not affect both N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine, but their levels increased as the CT increased. Increased CT also resulted in increased N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) in all treatments, but the cooking for 1 min did not cause a significant increase in treatments A, B, and C. CP leads to a significant increase in NPIP content, especially after 3 and 5 min of cooking in HTS.

Reducing the overpotential of overall water spitting by micro-pump-like electrode engineering

Electrolyzing water for hydrogen generation consumes a significant amount of electricity. Minimizing bubble accumulation on the electrodes can reduce the overpotential, thereby enhancing the efficiency of water electrolysis. In this work, Co1.8Mn1.2S4 as the catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was optimized from 54 compounds of oxides and sulfides of Ni, Co, and Mn, then designed a three-dimensional electrode with a pump-like function to expel bubbles from the electrodes. Using laser-assisted curing 3D printing technology, a capillary array with side holes was fabricated and utilized as a support structure for the Co1.8Mn1.2S catalyst. During water electrolysis, the electrolyte enters the interior of the capillary through the side holes, and the bubbles inside the capillary are released from both ends of the capillary. The optimized electrode achieved 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 345 mV during the OER, and reached 100 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 435 mV. In-situ optical microscopy observations and fluid dynamics simulations demonstrated that bubbles were effectively released through the main outlet of the capillary. In overall water splitting, the current density reached 10 mA cm−2 at 1.646 V, without significant current decay after 60 h continuous operation. The electrode design presented holds promise for broader applications in catalytic reactions, such as CO2 reduction, electrochemical ammonia synthesis, and electrochemical treatment of water pollutants.

Photoelectrochemical sensor based on copper tetraamino phthalocyanine graphene oxide covalent compound for sensitive detection of cefazolin sodium

In the present research, a novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was built to detect cefazolin sodium. A copper tetraamino phthalocyanine (CuTAPc) covalently linked graphene oxide compound (CuTAPc-GO) was fabricated successfully by covalent bonding of CuTAPc with graphene oxide (GO). The novel PEC sensing platform was prepared using CuTAPc-GO as a photoelectric material. The prepared PEC sensor showed a higher PEC efficiency under red light. In the perfect conditions, the PEC sensor exhibited a linear correlation in detecting cefazolin sodium concentrations between 0.25 and 12.5 μM, featuring a detection limit at 0.15 μM. Furthermore, the manufacturing sensor was employed to detect cefazolin sodium in a real-world sample, demonstrating commendable sensitivity and stability. Thus, our study provides a new method for cefazolin sodium detection.

Genotype-Dependent Variations in Oxidative Stress Markers and Bioactive Proteins in Hereford Bulls: Associations with DGAT1, LEP, and SCD1 Genes.

The objective of this study is to assess the influence of genetic polymorphisms in DGAT1, LEP, and SCD1 on the oxidative stress biomarkers and bioactive protein levels in Hereford bulls. A total of sixty-eight bulls were analyzed at 22 months of age to assess growth metrics and carcass quality, with a focus on polymorphisms in these genes. The key markers of oxidative stress, including malondialdehyde (MDA), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione reductase (GluRed), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured, alongside bioactive compounds like taurine, carnosine, and anserine. The results show that the TT genotype of DGAT1 is linked to significantly higher MDA levels, reflecting increased lipid peroxidation, but is also associated with higher GluRed and GPx activities and elevated levels of taurine, carnosine, and anserine, suggesting an adaptive response to oxidative stress. The LEP gene analysis revealed that the CC genotype had the highest MDA levels but also exhibited increased GPx and SOD activities, with the CT genotype showing the highest SOD activity and the TT genotype the highest total antioxidant status (TAS). The SCD1 AA genotype displayed the highest activities of GluRed, GPx, and SOD, indicating a more effective antioxidant defence, while the VA genotype had the highest MDA levels and the VV genotype showed lower MDA levels, suggesting protective effects against oxidative damage. These findings highlight genotype specific variations in the oxidative stress markers and bioactive compound levels, providing insights into the genetic regulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defences, which could inform breeding strategies for improving oxidative stress resistance in livestock and managing related conditions.