Oxide Electrodes Research Articles

Polyfluorene Conjugated Polyelectrolytes-Covalently Modified Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Bioinspired Electronics.

As some of the most promising candidates for constituting bioinspired electronics, polymer memristors with analog-type switching behavior exhibit great potential for synaptic mimicking and neuromorphic computing systems. By using highly soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte poly[9,9-bis(6-(3-methyl-1-imidazolium-yl)hexyl)fluorene]-covalently modified black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterial (BP-PF-NMI+Br-) as the active layer, an electronic device with the BP-PF-NMI+Br- film sandwiched between the aluminum and indium tin oxide electrodes is successfully fabricated. This device exhibits an excellent amount of electricity-dependent memristive performance at a small sweep voltage range of ±1 V. With increasing amount of electricity flowing through the device, the device resistance gradually decreased in a linear pattern. The changes in frequency, amplitude, and duration of voltage pulses do not affect the linear relationship between the amount of electricity passing through the device and the resistance value achieved after each state reached equilibrium at different numbers of the same voltage pulse stimulations. Both the synaptic potentiation/depression and learning/memorizing/forgetting functions of biological systems have been emulated. In contrast to BP-PF-NMI+Br-, the pure PF-NMI+Br--based device shows a write-once-read-many-times effect at the same scanning voltage range, while the BP:PF-NMI+Br- blends exhibit very unstable memristive performances.

Application of electro oxidation process for treating wastewater from petrochemical with mixed metal oxide electrode

Petrochemicals require a large volume of water for their operation, which results in the production of a large volume of wastewater. Treatment of petrochemical wastewater is an important process before discharging it into the environment. This research examines the treatment of real petrochemical wastewater using the electrochemical oxidation process. Direct anodic oxidation is an effective advanced electrochemical oxidation process (AEOP), with different electrodes using a parallel plate electrochemical reactor. Four types of real wastewater were received from different petrochemical units were treated by AEOP. Real wastewater samples with chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations ranging from 20,450 to 52,300 mg/l. The main goal of this research is to make electrodes of Mixed Metal Oxide (MMO), which can reduce the treatment time and electricity consumption for oxidation, greater stability of the surface of the electrodes. Investigation of the rate constant kinetics shows that high COD removal efficiency can be achieved following the pseudo-second order reaction rate (R2 > 98%). When the wastewater pH is less than 5, COD removal efficiency is higher and the treatment process will be successful, which succeeded in removing 79% COD, but in alkaline wastewater, COD reduction efficiency was not satisfactory. The electricity consumption for 79% removal during 6 min was 117 kWh/m3. As a result, due to the very short time of the process (6 min), it can be used as one of the pre-treatment steps of petrochemical wastewater with acidic pH.

Intense pulsed light annealing of solution-based indium–gallium–zinc–oxide semiconductors with printed Ag source and drain electrodes for bottom gate thin film transistors

In this study, an intense pulsed light (IPL) annealing process for a printed multi-layered indium–gallium–zinc–oxide (IGZO) and silver (Ag) electrode structure was developed for a high performance all-printed inorganic thin film transistor (TFT). Through a solution process using IGZO precursor and Ag ink, the bottom gate structure TFT was fabricated. The spin coating method was used to form the IGZO semiconductor layer on a heavily-doped silicon wafer covered with thermally grown silicon dioxide. The annealing process of the IGZO layer utilized an optimized IPL irradiation process. The Ag inks were printed on the IGZO layer by screen printing to form the source and drain (S/D) pattern. This S/D pattern was dried by near infrared radiation (NIR) and the dried S/D pattern was sintered with intense pulsed light by varying the irradiation energy. The performances of the all-printed TFT such as the field effect mobility and on–off ratio electrical transfer properties were measured by a parameter analyzer. The interfacial analysis including the contact resistance and cross-sectional microstructure analysis is essential because diffusion phenomenon can occur during the annealing and sintering process. Consequently, this TFT device showed noteworthy performance (field effect mobility: 7.96 cm2/V s, on/off ratio: 107). This is similar performance compared to a conventional TFT, which is expected to open a new path in the printed metal oxide-based TFT field.

Mo-doped porous Co3O4 nanoflakes as an electrode with the enhanced capacitive contribution for asymmetric supercapacitor application

Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) electrode materials have tremendous properties for supercapacitors, such as being environmentally friendly, having a high surface area, being low cost, and having high theoretical specific capacitance (3560 Fg−1). However, its poor electronic conductivity restricts the performance of the practical application. Doping transition metal ions into the host materials is an effective method to improve conductivity and enhance storage capacity. In this research work, we studied Mo-doped Co3O4 nanostructure electrodes synthesized using the electrodeposition technique. The integrated material samples were characterized by XRD, SEM with EDAX, XPS, FTIR, Raman spectra, UV–visible, and BET for their structure, morphology, composition, optical, and surface area properties. The 2 mM Mo-doped Co3O4 electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical pseudocapacitive properties. The optimized Mo2-doped Co3O4 shows a maximum specific capacitance of 1674 Fg−1 at 10 mA cm−2 current density in 1 M KOH electrolyte solution. Finally, the asymmetrical hybrid supercapacitor device (AsHScD) Mo2-Co3O4//rGO) demonstrates the highest power density of 159.0 KWKg−1 and maximum energy density of 13.80 WhKg−1 with a long-term stability of 95 % up to 2000 cycles. The Mo2-Co3O4 electrode is a promising candidate material for a charge-storage hybrid supercapacitor in an aqueous 1 M KOH electrolyte.

Triple multivalent aptamers within DNA tetrahedron on reduced graphene oxide electrode: Unlocking enhanced sensitivity and accelerated reactions in electrochemical sensing

DNA nanostructures are emerging as promising biosensing platforms due to their programmability, predictable assembly, and compatibility with aptamers for enhanced selectivity. This study focuses on a triple-multivalent aptamer (tApt) complex immobilized on a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) and integrated with an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO) electrode for highly sensitive mercury ion (Hg2+) detection. Compared to a linear multivalent aptamer-modified electrode (S2/ERGO-GCE), the 3D tApt/ERGO-GCE aptasensor exhibits superior sensitivity, signal amplification, and reaction kinetics. The tApt/ERGO-GCE sensor achieves an exceptional limit of detection (LOD) of 4.1 zM, surpassing the LOD of 0.71 fM for S2/ERGO-GCE. Additionally, the tApt/ERGO-GCE sensor demonstrates faster response times, with a half-saturation time (T1/2) of 6 minutes compared to 17 minutes for S2/ERGO/GCE. The 3D tApt aptamer's superior performance is attributed to its tetrahedral DNA structure integrated on ERGO, providing multiple aptamer binding sites, facilitating oriented immobilization on the electrode surface, and enhancing analyte capture and concentration. In contrast, the linear S2 aptamers lack rigidity, resulting in a disordered orientation on the electrode surface, hindering efficient Hg2+ binding and reducing target molecule binding efficiency. This study underscores the potential of triple-multivalent aptamer-based nanostructures for ultrasensitive and rapid biosensing applications. The tApt/ERGO-GCE aptasensor's exceptional sensitivity, signal amplification, and reaction kinetics make it a promising tool for Hg2+ detection and other biosensing applications.

Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide as a stabilizing layer on the Ni-rich layered oxide electrodes for enhancing the cycling stability of Li-ion cathodes

One of the critical challenges for layered Ni-rich cathode material is the surface degradation caused by the parasitic reaction between the cathode material and the organic electrolytes. Herein, we develop an overall electrode modification strategy to improve the cathode surface's structural stability by integrating graphene oxide (GO) coating on the surface of the cathode electrode with the assistance of the electrophoretic deposition technique (EPD). The attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results confirm the formation of the uniform thin GO layer on the surface of the Ni-rich cathode. The electrochemical studies such as galvanostatic charge-discharge, galvanostatic intermittent titration Technique (GITT), and incremental capacity analysis (ICA) tests show that the existence of thin layers of GO not only does not hinder the intercalation of Li+ ions but also can facilitate the charge transfer and intercalation of Li+ ions by decreasing the charge transfer resistance of the electrode. The cycling stability of the cathode coated with GO in 30 s of EPD shows better performance over 150 charge-discharge cycles and lower Rct than the pristine electrode. Our work provides a design idea for stabilizing the surface/bulk structure of advanced Ni-rich cathode for high-performance Li-ion batteries.

Candle soot carbon-Co3O4 nanofibers composite as a binder-free electrode for high-performance supercapacitor application: An experimental and theoretical investigation

Extensive research has been conducted on nanostructured metal oxide electrodes for energy storage applications, particularly in supercapacitors, owing to their high specific capacitance. However, a major hindrance to their commercialization is their limited life cycles. To address this issue, incorporating carbon allotropes as a conductive support to enhance the electrode's stability has been explored. In the current work, a novel composite material was synthesized by combining candle soot carbon with cobalt oxide (Co3O4) to create a highly efficient electrode. The optimal composite, with a 2 wt% of candle soot carbon to Co3O4, exhibited utmost specific capacitance (997.5 Fg−1) at 1 Ag−1. After subjecting both electrodes to 10,000 cycles of repetitive charge and discharge, the composite demonstrated a capacitance retention of 83.3 %, while the Co3O4 electrode only achieved 75 % under identical conditions. Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) investigations were performed to elucidate the improved charge-storing capacities of the composite electrode. The computed density of states indicates enrichment of energy states near the Fermi level in the composite when seen to pristine Co3O4. The Partial Density of States (PDOS) analysis illustrates the transportation of charge from the carbon p orbital (candle soot carbon) to the Co d orbital (Co3O4), validating the conductivity improvement in the hybrid configuration, which benefits from enhanced charge storage performance. Overall, the composite material is promising for hybrid supercapacitors, especially due to the incorporation of candle soot carbon as one of its components. It not only enhances the performance of the supercapacitor but also offers the advantage of being a renewable material derived from waste materials. This combination makes the composite an appealing and sustainable choice for next-generation energy storage devices.

A highly sensitive and selective impedimetric sensor for the determination of oxytetracycline based on a new polyamine functionalized calix [4] arene

The antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC), from the tetracycline family of drugs, is generally used to enhance growth as well as to prevent and cure harmful microorganisms in animals and aquaculture. However, improper OTC use exposes people to trace amounts of antibiotics in the food chain, increasing their risk of health problems. For the first time, a new calix [4] arene functionalized at the upper rim by protected ethylenediamine groups has been successfully synthesized and fully characterized by using elemental analysis 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Moreover, indium tin oxide electrode (ITO) modified with the calix [4] arene derivative (EDCA [4]) was successfully prepared using a simple drop-cost method. EDCA [4] film was characterized by static contact angle measurement, cyclic voltammetry measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and microscopic surface imaging (SEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (SIE) measurement showed that the EDCA [4]/ITO exhibited high molecular recognition and consequently displayed a good impedimetric response toward oxytetracycline (OTC).The developed sensor exhibited a wide linear concentration range of 10−10M to 10−5M and a lower detection limit of 2.3 10−11 M. Also, the presented sensor has demonstrated great selectivity and reproducibility, and the designed electrochemical platform was successfully used for detecting trace oxytetracycline in spiked milk samples.

Multi‐Interface Engineering of Self‐Supported Nickel/Yttrium Oxide Electrode Enables Kinetically Accelerated and Ultra‐Stable Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution at Industrial‐Level Current Density

AbstractThe development of highly active and robust non‐noble‐metal electrocatalysts for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at industrial‐level current density is the key for industrialization of alkaline water electrolysis. Herein, a superhydrophilic self‐supported Ni/Y2O3 heterostructural electrocatalyst is constructed by a high‐temperature selective reduction method, which demonstrates excellent catalytic performance for alkaline HER at high current density. Concretely, this catalyst can drive 10 mA cm−2 at a low overpotential of 61.1 ± 3.7 mV, with a low Tafel slope of 52.8 mV dec−1. Moreover, it also shows outstanding long‐term durability at high current density of 1000 mA cm−2 for 500 h in 1 m KOH, evidently exceeding the metallic Ni and Pt/C(20%) catalysts. The superior HER activity can be attributed to the multi‐interface engineering of the Ni/Y2O3 electrode. Construction of Ni/Y2O3 heterogeneous interface with dual active sites lowers the energy barrier of water dissociation and optimizes the hydrogen adsorption energy, thus synergistically accelerating the overall HER kinetics. Also, its superhydrophilic self‐supported electrode structure with the firm electrocatalyst‐substrate interface and weakened electrocatalyst‐bubble interfacial force ensures rapid charge transfer, prevents catalyst shedding, and expedites the H2 gas bubble release timely, further enhancing the catalytic activity and stability at high current density.

Tin-based oxide microsphere reinforced by Al2O3 and CNT with superior lithium storage performance

To improve lithium storage performances of tin-based oxide electrodes, i.e. SnO2 microspheres reinforced by Al2O3 and CNTs (SnO2-Al2O3/CNT) are constructed using a convenient microwave-assisted method. The findings indicate that the SnO2-Al2O3/CNT composite predominantly consisted of the rutile structure phase, with a minor presence of the orthorhombic phase. SnO2-Al2O3/CNT electrodes demonstrate greater capacity, significantly enhanced cyclability and improved rate performance when compared to the electrodes based on SnO2-Al2O3 and SnO2. Specifically, a sable specific capacity of 745.34 mAh/g can be maintained at 1.0 A/g, while a large specific capacity of 617.36 mAh/g can still be demonstrated at a high current density of 4.0 A/g after 100 cycles. The improved Li-storage performances may be attributed to by the significant synergistic effect among SnO2, Al2O3, CNTs, and the morphology as well.

Highly conductive riboflavin-based carbon quantum dot–embedded SiO2@MoS2 nanocomposite for enhancing bioelectricity generation through synergistic direct and indirect electron transport

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is an advanced green battery that has limited application because of its low current density. In the present study, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, which is an electricity-producing bacterium, was used in an electrochemical reactor as a bacterial model. Mesoporous spherical silica nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with riboflavin (RF) were prepared as the starting material, following which surface modification was conducted to expose the thiol group, which considerably increased the affinity of the NPs to MoS2 and resulted in the formation of a dense MoS2 shell on the surface after calcination. Moreover, the loaded RFs were successfully transformed into RF-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs), which resulted in a substantial increase in conductivity. The CQD-embedded SiO2@MoS2 NPs, which contained redox-active N-doped CQDs and had a metallic MoS2 shell, were able to receive electrons from exoelectrogenic bacteria (charging) and transfer electrons to an indium tin oxide electrode (discharging). Thus, these NPs could act as an electron nanoshuttle and a conductive medium in biofilms for enhancing systematic extracellular electron transport. A 10-fold increase in bioelectricity production than no NPs addition was achieved, which confirmed the applicability of the aforementioned NPs in advanced MFC applications. The NPs prepared in this study, which mimic biological electron shuttles (e.g., RF) in long-distance conduction, can usher in a new era in the development of advanced MFCs.

High activity nanostructured vanadium–nitrogen supported nickel foam as an electrode for efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol

One-step hydrothermal method preparation of a VO-N/NF electrode for highly efficient electrocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation to obtain benzoic acid.

Online monitoring of epithelial barrier kinetics and cell detachment during cisplatin-induced toxicity of renal proximal tubule cells.

Real-time and non-invasive assessment of tissue health is crucial for maximizing the potential of microphysiological systems (MPS) for drug-induced nephrotoxicity screening. Although impedance has been widely considered as a measure of the barrier function, it has not been incorporated to detect cell detachment in MPS with top and bottom microfluidic channels separated by a porous membrane. During cell delamination from the porous membrane, the resistance between both channels decreases, while capacitance increases, allowing the detection of such detachment. Previously reported concepts have solely attributed the decrease in the resistance to the distortion of the barrier function, ignoring the resistance and capacitance changes due to cell detachment. Here, we report a two-channel MPS with integrated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes capable of measuring impedance in real time. The trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and tissue reactance (capacitance) were extracted from the impedance profiles. We attributed the anomalous initial increase observed in TEER, upon cisplatin administration, to the distortion of tight junctions. Cell detachment was captured by sudden jumps in capacitance. TEER profiles illuminated the effects of cisplatin and cimetidine treatments in a dose-dependent and polarity-dependent manner. The correspondence between TEER and barrier function was validated for a continuous tissue using the capacitance profiles. These results demonstrate that capacitance can be used as a real-time and non-invasive indicator of confluence and will support the accuracy of the drug-induced cytotoxicity assessed by TEER profiles in the two-channel MPS for the barrier function of a cell monolayer.

Label-free electrochemical immunosensor employing new redox probes/porous organic polymers/graphene oxide nanocomposite towards multiplex detection of three SARS-COV2-induced storming proteins for severe COVID-19 diagnosis

Since an outbreak of severe acute respiratory disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the province of Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has tremendously evolved into a global pandemic. COVID-19 causing serious failures in organ functions is found to be involved in many groups or kinds of “cytokine storm effect” protein biomarkers resulting from the human immunological responses to the virus. The in-body abnormalities and clinical features relevant to COVID-19 exhibit a wide range and it is difficult to forecast the severity of infection in patients. Consequently, the development of a fast and highly accurate method for screening, diagnosis, monitoring, rapid identification, and isolation of COVID-19-infected patients, and monitoring its severity is urgently needed. This work aims to develop a highly sensitive multiplex label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on a porous organic polymer (POP-AQ)/graphene oxide (GO) electrode to screen and diagnose COVID-19 severity. The screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) consisting of three working electrodes is modified by a new POP-AQ/GO nanocomposite to enhance its specific surface area and electrochemical reactivity. The resultant platform is functionalized with three different chitosan-encapsulated redox probes (m-cresol purple (mCP), thymol blue (TMB), and polydopamine (PDA)), followed by three different antibodies, which are employed to quantitatively detect the corresponding proteins from the immunological response. This novel platform allows for the simultaneous measurement of critical illness biomarkers (IL-6, D-dimer, and ferritin), with high sensitivities and low detection limits (LODs). The biosensor displays an excellent analytical performance with wide linear dynamic ranges of 0.005–5, 2.5−100, and 2.5−100 ng mL−1, and LODs of 0.0040, 0.844, and 0.806 ng mL−1 for IL-6, D-dimer, and ferritin, respectively. Moreover, this platform reveals high reproducibility and stability, while maintaining low instrumentation complexity, and cost-effectiveness. This proposed multiplex immunosensor has excellent potential for fast COVID-19 diagnosis and severity screening in infected patients. Additionally, its versatility suggests applicability in diagnosing other diseases and emerging pathogens.

Design and Analysis of Junctionless-Based Gate All Around N+ Doped Layer Nanowire TFET Biosensor

This work is based on the analysis and designing of Gate All Around N+ doped layer Nanowire Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (NTFET) without junctions for application in biosensor by considering the various bio molecules like uricase, proteins, biotin, streptavidin, Aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane (ATS) and many more with dielectric modulation technique and gate-all-around (GAA) environment. Device sensitivity and tunneling probability is further improved by N+ doped layer (1 × 1020 cm−3). The change in the subthreshold-slope (SS), drain current (ID), transconductance(gm), and ratio of ION/IOFF has been examined to detect the sensitivity of the proposed device by confining various biomolecules in the area of nanocavity. The nanocavity area creates a shield in the source gate of oxide layer and electrodes metal. The Junctionless Gate All Around Nanowire Tunnel-Field-Effect-Transistor (JLGAA-NTFET) shows less leakage current and large control on the channel. The design of JLGAA-NTFET is with high doping concentration and observed higher sensitivity for ATS biomolecule which is suitable for sensor design application.

Visible-light-driven oxygen reduction by an anisotropically crystallized CuBi2O4 photocathode fabricated using a mixed metal-imidazole casting method

An anisotropically crystallized CuBi2O4 (CuBi2O4(w)) film adhering rigidly on a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode was prepared by a mixed metal-imidazole casting (MiMIC) method using 1-methylimidazole (MeIm).

Cost-effective quantification of uric acid using niobium oxide and graphene oxide-modified pencil-drawn electrodes on PVC substrates.

This study introduces a cost-effective approach for quantifying uric acid (UA), the main antioxidant species in human physiology and implicated in inflammatory regulation. Using a PVC substrate and pencil drawing technique, electrodes were fabricated and modified with niobium oxide and graphene oxide via a straightforward "drop casting" method. The nanostructures of the substrate, electrode, and modified electrode were evaluated using SEM images. The synergistic effect between these materials significantly facilitated the uric acid oxidation process with a 400 mV peak potential shift and 45% current increase. The evaluation of the electrode's response to common blood and urine components showed minimal deviation. Among the components tested-ascorbic acid, glucose, nitrate, nitrite, cysteine, urea, creatinine, and ammonium ion-only the ammonium ion exhibited a 10% interference at concentrations commonly found in urine. The sensors showed a good detection limit of 8.7 μmol L-1, with a wide linear range from 8.7 to 2000 μmol L-1 with a correlation factor of 0.9993 for five different sensors. The reproducibility and repeatability of the produced sensors were estimated by the RSD at 4% and 1%, respectively. Synthetic urine samples spiked exhibited reliable analysis, with recovery values within a 5% error margin. This work presents a practical, simple, and affordable sensor platform for rapid and accurate UA quantification.

Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine in the Presence of Uric Acid at Cerium Oxide and L-Tyrosine Mixture Modified Carbon Paste Electrode: A Cyclic Voltammetry Study

In the present work, we are prepared a simple is sensitive and selective for Cerium oxide L-Tyrosine modified carbon paste electrode (CeO2 - L-TMCPE) for the simultaneous examination of Dopamine (DA) and Uric Acid (UA), by using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Carbon paste electrode was fabricated with Cerium oxide L-Tyrosine mixture as modifier for the detection of DA in the presence of UA in 0.2 M Phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.0. The CeO2 - L-TMCPE MCPE display an increase in the peak (Ip) current as related to that of BCPE. The CeO2 - L-TCPE mixture MCPE showed outstanding electro catalytic action for selective determination of DA in the presence of UA. Surface morphology of CeO2NPs was studied using XRD, SEM and EDAX, some electrochemical constraints alike effect of pH, effect of Scan rate, varied concentrations DA & UA were considered at CeO2 - L-TMCPE MCPE. The modified CeO2 - L-TCPE behaves similar selective electrochemical sensor for finding of DA and UA.

The role of oxygen in automotive grade lithium-ion battery cathodes: an atomistic survey of ageing.

The rising demand for high-performance lithium-ion batteries, pivotal to electric transportation, hinges on key materials like the Ni-rich layered oxide LiNixCoyAlzO2 (NCA) used in cathodes. The present study investigates the redox mechanisms, with particular focus on the role of oxygen in commercial NCA electrodes, both fresh and aged under various conditions (aged cells have performed >900 cycles until a cathode capacity retention of ∼80%). Our findings reveal that oxygen participates in charge compensation during NCA delithiation, both through changes in transition metal (TM)-O bond hybridization and formation of partially reversible O2, the latter occurs already below 3.8 V vs. Li/Li+. Aged NCA material undergoes more significant changes in TM-O bond hybridization when cycling above 50% SoC, while reversible O2 formation is maintained. Nickel is found to be redox active throughout the entire delithiation and shows a more classical oxidation state change during cycling with smaller changes in the Ni-O hybridization. By contrast, Co redox activity relies on a stronger change in Co-O hybridization, with only smaller Co oxidation state changes. The Ni-O bond displays an almost twice as large change in its bond length on cycling as the Co-O bond. The Ni-O6 octahedra are similar in size to the Co-O6 octahedra in the delithiated state, but are larger in the lithiated state, a size difference that increases with battery ageing. These contrasting redox activities are reflected directly in structural changes. The NCA material exhibits the formation of nanopores upon ageing, and a possible connection to oxygen redox activity is discussed. The difference in interaction of Ni and Co with oxygen provides a key understanding of the mechanism and the electrochemical instability of Ni-rich layered transition metal oxide electrodes. Our research specifically highlights the significance of the role of oxygen in the electrochemical performance of electric-vehicle-grade NCA electrodes, offering important insights for the creation of next-generation long-lived lithium-ion batteries.

Anodic peroxide production for advanced oxidation processes with different metal oxide electrodes in carbonate electrolytes

Anodic electrochemical peroxide generation is promising for AOP applications. This study evaluates the electrochemical efficiency and oxidizing power of the resulting peroxide mixtures, depending on the electrolyte composition.