Abstract
The antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC), from the tetracycline family of drugs, is generally used to enhance growth as well as to prevent and cure harmful microorganisms in animals and aquaculture. However, improper OTC use exposes people to trace amounts of antibiotics in the food chain, increasing their risk of health problems. For the first time, a new calix [4] arene functionalized at the upper rim by protected ethylenediamine groups has been successfully synthesized and fully characterized by using elemental analysis 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Moreover, indium tin oxide electrode (ITO) modified with the calix [4] arene derivative (EDCA [4]) was successfully prepared using a simple drop-cost method. EDCA [4] film was characterized by static contact angle measurement, cyclic voltammetry measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and microscopic surface imaging (SEM). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (SIE) measurement showed that the EDCA [4]/ITO exhibited high molecular recognition and consequently displayed a good impedimetric response toward oxytetracycline (OTC).The developed sensor exhibited a wide linear concentration range of 10−10M to 10−5M and a lower detection limit of 2.3 10−11 M. Also, the presented sensor has demonstrated great selectivity and reproducibility, and the designed electrochemical platform was successfully used for detecting trace oxytetracycline in spiked milk samples.
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