Oxidative Stress Profile Research Articles

Effect of trehalose on post thaw semen quality profiles, sperm kinetic profiles and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in Mithun

Present study was designed to assess the effect of trehalose on post thaw semen quality parameters (SQPs), sperm velocity and kinetic profiles, antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles and sperm cholesterol efflux in mithun. A total of 25 ejaculates were selected based on the biophysical parameters and each sample was split into four equal aliquots after dilution with the Tris-citrate-glycerol (TCG) extender such as Group I: control, Group II, III and IV: 50, 75 and 100 mM of trehalose, respectively. Cryopreserved and thawed samples were analysed for their motility parameters (progressive forward and in bovine cervical mucus penetration test [BCMPT]), kinetic and velocity parameters by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA), viability, sperm morphological and nuclear abnormalities, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane integrity and nuclear integrity and sperm intra-cellular enzymatic leakage and biochemical (sperm cholesterol, antioxidants and malondialdehyde) profiles. Study revealed a significant enhancement in viability, sperm morphological and nuclear normalities, acrosome integrity, motility, sperm cholesterol content and reduction in leakage of intracellular enzymes in Group II. Moreover, intactness of acrosome and biochemical membranes were protected significantly in addition to significant improvement in kinetic and velocity profiles in extender containing 50 mM trehalose. These results clearly indicated that however the cryopreservation of mithun’s spermatozoa in TCG was comparable with other species, inclusion of 50 mM trehalose holds a clear advantage over control or 75 or 100 mM trehalose. It can be concluded from the present study that trehalose supplementation in semen extender can be effectively utilized to reduce the oxidative stress and improve the antioxidant profiles with cascading beneficial effects on cryopreserved semen quality parameters in mithun.

Basis blood indices, serum biochemical profiles, antioxidant and oxidative profiles of endangered local buffaloes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands at different stages of reproduction

Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI) have non-defined and non-descriptive breed of buffaloes. Andaman local buffaloes (ALB) are distributed in Andaman group of Islands and few numbers are available in Campbell Bay and Nicobar group of Islands. Andaman local buffaloes represent an admixture of different Indian breeds that had been brought to these islands in different phases of inhabitation and rehabilitation of migrated people. It is believed that the ALBs have the inheritance from Murrah, Nagpuri, Bhadawari and Marathwada. It is unique buffalo, well adapted to special type of tropical humid island climatic and environmental condition. The present study was designed to standardise the normal reference haematological and biochemical ranges in different stages of reproduction of Andaman local buffaloes which were maintained in the Andaman Districts of ANI, India from April 2019 to March 2020. In this study, haematological parameters, biochemical indices and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles were estimated in healthy, normal physiological ALBs in different reproductive stages. The present study results clearly indicated that the values of haematological, biochemical and antioxidant profiles fell under the normal physiological ranges. The results of this study may serve as the reference values in which alterations due to metabolic, nutrient deficiency, physiological and health status can be compared for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for ALBs in ANI and its neighboring countries or other parts of the country with similar environmental and climatic conditions.

Effect of Levothyroxine on Oxidative stress and Lipid Profile in Hypothyroid Patients

Background & Objective: Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder and requires lifelong treatment. The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of levothyroxine (LT4) on the oxidative stress and metabolic state by assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) level along with lipid profile in hypothyroid patients.
 Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Rajshahi Medical College in collaboration with the Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Rajshahi between July 2018 to June 2019 to compare malondialdehyde (MDA) level and lipid profile among hypothyroid patients, normal individuals and levothyroxine treated hypothyroid patients. The study included 20 newly-diagnosed hypothyroid patients, 20 Levo-treated hypothyroid patients and 20 healthy controls of both sexes.
 Result: The MDA level was significantly highest in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients among the three groups (p < 0.001). The mean of MDA level of hypothyroid patients, LT4-treated hypothyroid patients and normal healthy controls were 10.0 ± 2.13 μmol/l, 5.88 ± 1.90 μmol/l and 2.66 ± 0.61 μmol/l respectively. Significantly higher values of total cholesterol (TC) (198.5 ± 19.2 mg/dl), triglycerides (TG) (147.0 ± 14.5 mg/dl), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (133.9 ± 19.7 mg/dl), and a significantly decreased value of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (35.1 ± 3.67 mg/dl) were observed in newly-diagnosed hypothyroid patients as compared to those in Levo-treated hypothyroid patients and normal healthy individuals (p = 0.009).
 Conclusion: The MDA level is significantly raised which suggests that people with hypothyroidism have high risk of free radical damage and risk of development of atherosclerosis, which may lead to coronary heart diseases (CHD). Treatment with LT4 significantly improves oxidative stress and corrects lipid profile but not up to the normal level. Addition of lipid lowering drugs and supplementation with antioxidants to traditional LT4 therapy can be tested to see further improvement in outcome parameters.
 Ibrahim Card Med J 2021; 11 (1): 48-53

Modulation of testicular activity in Indian stinging catfish Heteropneustes fossilis under acute exposure to 4-Nonylphenol

Aim: To evaluate the impact of nonylphenol on the modulation of testicular activity of catfish Heteropneustes fossilis as well as its impact on haematological and antioxidative parameters simultaneously. Methodology: Sexually matured male catfish were divided into three sub groups: first group as control, second as vehicle control and third group exposed to 80 µg l-1 4-Nonylphenol (4-NP) for 21 days. After 21 days, testis and blood were collected for assessment of histology, haematology, oxidative stress and steroid hormone profile. Results: Present study showed that 4-Nonylphenol elicited significant effect on the testicular activity by decreasing RBC and WBC count, causing alterations in RBC morphology and induction of micronucleus in RBC of catfish. Further exposure decreased CAT (F = 34.88; P>0.001), SOD (F = 246.87; P < 0.001), GPX (F = 948.88; P < 0.001), and increased H2O2 (F = 1813.71; P < 0.001) and LPO (F = 105651; P>0.001) activities in the testis. There was significant decrease in GSI compared to control group. Histopathology of testis showed abnormalities in the testicular architecture. Estradiol-17β level significantly increased showing 4-NP as estrogenic compound also the testosterone and progesterone levels significantly decreased (F Steroids = 590.61; F Dose = 37.376; F Steroids X Dose = 142.606; P < 0.001). Interpretation: Nonylphenol exposure resulted in the impairment of male reproductive system of catfish by modulating its activity at multiple levels and also induced cytotoxicity in blood.

Does propolis have any effect on rheumatoid arthritis? A review study.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in its pathophysiology. Complementary therapies along with medications may be effective in the control of RA. Propolis is a natural substance extracted from beehives, which have confirmed anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The present study aimed to review the possible effects of propolis on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid profile in patients with RA. English articles in online databases such as PubMed‑Medline, AMED, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched. Pieces of evidence show that supplementation with propolis may have therapeutic effects on RA patients. Due to increased inflammation and oxidative stress in the affected joints of RA patients, propolis could inhibit the inflammatory cascades by inhibiting the nuclear factor kappa B pathway and reducing reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and interleukin‐17 by increasing some antioxidants. Therefore, inflammation and pain reduce, helping improve and control RA in patients. Further investigations are required with larger sample sizes and different doses of propolis to demonstrate the definite effects of propolis on various aspects of RA.

Tremella fuciformis Crude Polysaccharides Attenuates Steatosis and Suppresses Inflammation in Diet-Induced NAFLD Mice.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disorder characterized by an enhanced accumulation of lipids, which affects around 40% of the world’s population. The T. fuciformis fungus possesses immunomodulatory activity and other beneficial properties that may alleviate steatosis through a different mechanism. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect T. fuciformis crude polysaccharides (TFCP) on inflammatory and lipid metabolism gene expression, oxidative stress, and lipid profile. Mice were divided into groups receiving (a) a normal chow diet (NCD), (b) a methionine–choline-deficient (MCD) diet, and (c) a MCD diet with TFCP. Liver histopathology was performed, and the hepatic gene expression levels were estimated using qRT-PCR. The lipid profiles, ALT, AST, and efficient oxidative enzymes were analyzed using ELISA. The TFCP administration in the MCD-fed mice suppressed hepatic lipid accumulation, lipid metabolism-associated genes (HMGCR, FABP, SREBP, ACC, and FAS), and inflammation-associated genes (IL-1β, TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-6) whilst enhancing the expression of HNF4α genes. TFCP mitigated against oxidative stress and normalized healthy lipid profiles. These results highlighted that TFCP prevents NAFLD through the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation, suggesting TFCP would potentially be an effective therapeutic agent against NAFLD progression.

Relationships between Sex and Adaptation to Physical Exercise in Young Athletes: A Pilot Study

The purpose of this study was to compare the redox, hormonal, metabolic, and lipid profiles of female and male basketball players during the seasonal training period, compared to their relative sedentary controls. 20 basketball players (10 female and 10 male) and 20 sedentary controls (10 female and 10 male) were enrolled in the study. Oxidative stress, adiponectin level, and metabolic profile were determined. Male and female athletes showed an increased antioxidant capacity (27% for males; 21% for females) and lactate level (389% for males; 460% for females) and reduced salivary cortisol (25% for males; 51% for females) compared to the sedentary controls. Moreover, a peculiar metabolite (in particular, amino acids and urea), hormonal, and lipidic profile were highlighted in the two groups of athletes. Female and male adaptations to training have several common traits, such as antioxidant potential enhancement, lactate increase, and activation of detoxifying processes, such as the urea cycle and arachidonic pathways as a response to inflammation. Moreover, we found different lipid and amino acid utilization related to sex. Deeper investigation could help coaches in developing training programs based on the athletes’ sex in order to reduce the drop-out rate of sporting activity by girls and fight the gender stereotypes in sport that also have repercussions in social fields.

Nanomedicine of Plant Origin for the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders.

Metabolic disorders are major clinical challenges of health that are progressing globally. A concurrence of metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and systematic hypertension leads to metabolic syndrome. Over the past years, the metabolic syndrome leads to a five- and two-fold rise in diabetes mellitus type II and cardiovascular diseases. Natural products specifically plant extracts have insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties and are also considered as an alternative option due to few adverse effects. Nanotechnology is one of the promising strategies, which improves the effectiveness of treatment and limits side effects. This review mainly focuses on plant extract-based nanosystems in the management of the metabolic syndrome. Numerous nano-drug delivery systems, i.e., liposomes, hydrogel nanocomposites, nanoemulsions, micelles, solid lipid, and core–shell nanoparticles, have been designed using plant extracts. It has been found that most of the nano-formulations successfully reduced oxidative stress, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and lipid profile in in vitro and in vivo studies as plant extracts interfere with the pathways of metabolic syndrome. Thus, these novel plant-based nanosystems could act as a promising candidate for clinical applications.

The potential beneficial effects of polysaccharide peptide on oxidative stress and lipid profile in post myocardial infarction patients: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Indonesia"s Ministry of Research and Technology grants Background Inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation activities contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis leading to myocardial infarction (MI). These sustainable cascade are considered to remain, in fact after the episode of MI. Polysaccharide peptide is renowned to exert anti-oxidative and lipid-lowering effects, thus may impair subsequent post-infarction plaque accumulation. Purpose To evaluate the role of polysaccharide peptide of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium extracts (β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan) as potent protective antioxidant and lipid-lowering agent in post MI patients. Methods This was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial in 45 post MI patients who had undergone reperfusion or conservative therapy. The eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) into two groups i.e. treated group (TG) and control group (CG). Treated group was given 180 mg β-1,3/1,6-D-Glucan thrice a day for 90 days, and control group received placebo. Variables measured were nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides. All measurements were conducted at baseline and after 90-days. All patients received guideline-driven therapy throughout the study. Results There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the two groups (all p > 0.05). At 90 days, allocation to polysaccharide peptide demonstrated significant increase in NO and SOD (p = 0.020, p = 0.023; respectively) and also significant reduction in MDA (p = 0.001) as compared to placebo. Treated group compared with placebo revealed significant reduction in LDL-C (p = 0.036), but not in total cholesterol, HDL-C and triglycerides (p = 0.105, p = 0.398, p = 0.843; respectively). Conclusions Polysaccharide peptide exhibits potent protective anti-oxidative and lipid-lowering properties in post MI patients. It may offer benefit on top of standard medical treatment. Abstract Figure. Results among treated and control groups Abstract Figure. Box plot comparison among TG and CG

Daily and seasonal rhythmic secretary pattern of antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers in mithun bull

A study was conducted to assess the rhythmic changes of antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles (antioxidantand oxidative stressors together is called as oxidative stress biomarkers: OSBs) to understand their flow pattern in24 h during different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) in intact adult mithun bulls (n=6; 5–6 years).Antioxidants [total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathionereductase (GSHR) and catalase (CAT)] and oxidative stressor [malondialdehyde (MDA)] were estimated at 4 hinterval for a whole day in different seasons. Analysis was done in two different ways with respect to time (0800,1200, 1600, 2000, 2400 and 0400 h) and day time (0800 to 1600 h) and night time (2000 to 0400 h) collections. Thelevels of OSBs differed significantly among the seasons, among the collection times and between day and nighttimes. Winter and spring had recorded significantly higher antioxidants and lower MDA than summer. Levels ofantioxidants were higher and MDA was lower during night as compared to day time collections. It was concludedthat spring and winter seasons had greater beneficial effects than summer on health and wellbeing of the mithun.

Haematology and biochemical profiles of endangered local cattle of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Andaman and Nicobar Islands have two different genetic groups of cattle namely Andaman local cattle and Trinket cattle. Andaman local cattle are distributed in Andaman group of Islands and Campbell Bay of Nicobar group of Islands. Andaman local cattle are non-descriptive and represent an admixture of different Indian breeds that had been brought to these islands in different phases of inhabitation and rehabilitation of migrated people. It is believed that the Andaman local cattle have the inheritance from Red Sindhi, Sahiwal and Hariana. It is unique cattle, well adapted to special type of tropical humid island climatic and environmental condition. The present study was designed to standardise the normal reference haematological and biochemical range for different age groups of Andaman local cattle which were maintained in the South Andaman and North and Middle Andaman district, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. In this study, haematological parameters, biochemical indices and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles were estimated in healthy, normal physiological Andaman local cattle for different age groups. The present study results clearly indicated that the values of haematological, biochemical and antioxidant profiles were under the normal physiological range. These results of this study may serve as the reference values in which alterations due to metabolic, nutrient deficiency, physiological and health status can be compared for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes for Andaman local cattle in Andaman and Nicobar Islands and its neighbouring countries or other parts of the country with similar environmental and climatic conditions.

Effect of season and age on biochemical, antioxidant and oxidative profiles in mithun bull

Mithun (Bos frontalis) is a domesticated free-range bovine species primarily used as a meat animal and is apride of North Eastern Hilly regions of India. The present study was conducted to measure the effect of season onbiochemical, and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles for different age groups at different seasons in mithunbulls. A total of 30 mithun males were selected from the mithun breeding farm, ICAR-NRC on Mithun, Medziphema,Nagaland and were equally divided into five classes based on their age. Each group consisted of six animals andthe groups were Gr A, Gr B, Gr C, Gr D and Gr E. Seasons were categorised into winter, spring, summer andautumn based on the meteorological parameters such as temperature humidity index (THI) and sunshine hours.Biochemical indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose and total cholesterol; antioxidant profilessuch as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSHR) andsuperoxide dismutase (SOD); and oxidative profile such as malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated. Statisticalresults revealed that these experimental profiles differed significantly between the different age groups for thedifferent seasons and between the seasons for different age groups. Blood biochemical indices increased significantlyas age advanced and higher concentration in spring and winter than in summer season. TAC, CAT, GSH, GSHRand SOD were significantly greater and MDA was significantly lower in spring and winter than in summer season.The antioxidants increased significantly from Gr A to Gr B and then reduced gradually to Gr E, whereas concentrationof MDA significantly increased as the age advanced. It can be concluded that spring and winter season hassignificantly greater beneficial effects than summer season on production and reproduction programme in semiintensivemanagement of mithun in tropical humid hilly ecosystem of Nagaland.

A comparative study on the model of PM2.5 direct or indirect interaction with bronchial epithelial cells.

The impact of PM2.5 on epithelial cells is a pivotal process leading to many lung pathological changes and pulmonary diseases. In addition to PM2.5 direct interaction with epithelia, macrophages that engulf PM2.5 may also influence the function of epithelial cells. However, among the toxic researches of PM2.5, there is a lack of evaluation of direct or indirect exposure model on human bronchial epithelial cell against PM2.5. In this present research, PM2.5-exposed human bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) serves as the direct interaction model. By contrast, a PM2.5-stimulated co-culture model of macrophages and epithelial cells based on the transwell system was adopted as indirect stimulation model. By comparing these two models of interaction, we examined the viability of BEAS-2B and mRNA/protein expression profile of oxidative stress and inflammatory response-related transcription factors Nrf2, NF-kB, and according inflammatory indicators such as IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8, with a view to evaluating the effects of different interaction models of PM2.5 on epithelial cell damage in vitro. Our results indicated that under the same doses, the direct stimulation model of PM2.5 could inhibit the viability of BEAS-2B. Furthermore, the indirect stimulation model strengthen inflammation response of epithelia under the higher concentration of PM2.5 and induce epithelia to undergo EMT under the lower concentration of PM2.5. Overall, we have found that macrophage involvement may protect epithelia from PM2.5 cytotoxic effect, while it strengthens the inflammation response and induce epithelia to undergo EMT.

Glutathione in semen extender modulates post thaw semen quality profiles, and antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles in mithun

Present study was designed to assess the effect of glutathione (GSH) on post thaw semen quality parameters (SQPs), sperm kinetic profiles, antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles and sperm cholesterol efflux in mithun. Ejaculates (25) were selected based on biophysical parameters for the present experiment. Each sample was split into four equal aliquots after dilution with the Tris-citrate-glycerol (TCG) extender, viz. Group I (control), Group II, III and IV contained 5, 10 and 15 mM of GSH, respectively. Cryopreserved and thawed samples were analysed for their motility parameters (progressive forward and in bovine cervical mucus penetration test [BCMPT]), kinetic and velocity parameters by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA), viability, sperm and nuclear abnormalities, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane and nuclear integrities, sperm enzymatic leakage and biochemical (sperm cholesterol and antioxidant and oxidative stress) profiles. Study revealed a significant enhancement in viability, sperm and nuclear normalities, acrosomal integrity, motility (progressive and in cervical mucus), sperm cholesterol content and reduction in leakage of intracellular enzymes in Group III. Moreover, intactness of acrosome and biochemical membranes were protected significantly in addition to significant improvement in kinetic and velocity profiles in extender containing 10 mM GSH. These results clearly indicate that though the cryopreservation of mithun’s spermatozoa in TCG was comparable with other species, inclusion of 10 mM GSH holds a clear advantage over control and 5 or 15 mM GSH. The study concludes that GSH supplementation in semen extender can be effectively utilized to reduce the oxidative stress and improve the antioxidant profiles with cascading beneficial effects on cryopreserved semen quality parameters in mithun bull.

Taurine in semen extender modulates post-thaw semen quality, sperm kinematics and oxidative stress status in mithun (Bos frontalis) spermatozoa

Objective: To assess the effect of taurine on post-thaw semen quality parameters, sperm kinematics, antioxidant and oxidative stress profiles and sperm cholesterol efflux in mithun (Bos frontalis). Methods: A total of 50 ejaculates (n=25 samples) were selected based on biophysical parameters. Each sample was split into four equal aliquots after dilution with the Tris-citrate-glycerol extender. Group I, II, III and IV contained 0 mM (the control), 25 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM of taurine, respectively. Frozen-thawed samples were analysed for motility parameters (progressive forward and in bovine cervical mucus penetration test), kinetic and velocity parameters by computer-assisted sperm analyzer, viability, sperm and nuclear abnormalities, acrosome integrity, plasma membrane and nuclear integrities, sperm enzymatic leakage and biochemical (sperm cholesterol and oxidative stress) profiles. Results: The extender containing 50 mM taurine led to a significant enhancement in viability, acrosomal integrity, plasma membrane integrity, motility (progressive and in cervical mucus), and sperm cholesterol content and notably reduced sperm morphological and nuclear abnormalities, and leakage of intracellular enzymes compared to other taurine treated and untreated control groups (P<0.05). Moreover, in addition to significant improvement in kinetic and velocity profiles, 50 mM taurine protected the integrity of acrosome and biochemical membranes than in the untreated control and other taurine treated groups. Inclusion of 50 mM taurine held a clear advantage over the control or 25 mM or 100 mM taurine in cryopreservation of mithun semen. Conclusions: Taurine (50 mM) supplementation in semen extender can be effectively utilized to reduce oxidative stress and improve post-thaw semen quality in mithun.

Association of tobacco addiction, oxidative stress, and abnormal seminogram profile among middle-aged Indian males

Association of tobacco addiction, oxidative stress, and abnormal seminogram profile among middle-aged Indian males

Metabolic Influences Modulating Erythrocyte Deformability and Eryptosis.

Many factors in the surrounding environment have been reported to influence erythrocyte deformability. It is likely that some influences represent reversible changes in erythrocyte rigidity that may be involved in physiological regulation, while others represent the early stages of eryptosis, i.e., the red cell self-programmed death. For example, erythrocyte rigidification during exercise is probably a reversible physiological mechanism, while the alterations of red blood cells (RBCs) observed in pathological conditions (inflammation, type 2 diabetes, and sickle-cell disease) are more likely to lead to eryptosis. The splenic clearance of rigid erythrocytes is the major regulator of RBC deformability. The physicochemical characteristics of the surrounding environment (thermal injury, pH, osmolality, oxidative stress, and plasma protein profile) also play a major role. However, there are many other factors that influence RBC deformability and eryptosis. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the various elements and circulating molecules that might influence RBCs and modify their deformability: purinergic signaling, gasotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO), divalent cations (magnesium, zinc, and Fe2+), lactate, ketone bodies, blood lipids, and several circulating hormones. Meal composition (caloric and carbohydrate intake) also modifies RBC deformability. Therefore, RBC deformability appears to be under the influence of many factors. This suggests that several homeostatic regulatory loops adapt the red cell rigidity to the physiological conditions in order to cope with the need for oxygen or fuel delivery to tissues. Furthermore, many conditions appear to irreversibly damage red cells, resulting in their destruction and removal from the blood. These two categories of modifications to erythrocyte deformability should thus be differentiated.

Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in human Sertoli cells exposed to boric acid

BackgroundBoron, which is used in a range of industries worldwide, is an essential micronutrient for plants and “probably essential” for humans. Conflicting reports have been published regarding the toxicity of boron compounds. Moreover, boric acid and sodium borates are classified as toxic to development and reproduction in the European Union-Classification, Labelling and Packaging Regulation (EU-CLP Regulation). The scope of our study was to ascertain whether boric acid caused the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects, as well as oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle profiles on human Sertoli cells. MethodsThe possible toxic effects of boric acid on human Sertoli cells were investigated by in vitro methods. The cellular viability and DNA damage were examined by neutral red uptake and alkaline comet assay, respectively. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest profiles were analyzed by flow cytometry. ResultsBoric acid was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic in a wide concentration range (0.5–1000 μM) on human Sertoli cells. No significant difference in the DNA damage was observed between boric acid-treated and control groups (p > 0.05). Boric acid did not stimulate oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest within the tested concentrations. ConclusionOur study provides novel insights into the influences of boric acid on human Sertoli cells which are used as a model in male reproductive toxicity studies. The concentrations tested in our study were extremely higher than the blood and semen boron levels reported in epidemiological studies.

Effect of Beilschmedia obscura on the prevention of high fat/high sucrose diet induced metabolic syndrome on male Albino Wistar rats

IntroductionBeilschmiedia (Lauraceae) is a pantropical genus of about 287 species, distributed in tropical Asia and Africa used in traditional medicines to cure many diseases. This study aimed to explore biological properties of Beilschmiedia obscura (B. obscura) on the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS) features induced by High Fat/High Sucrose (HF/HS) diet in rats as therapeutic option. MethodsMetS was induced after administration of HF/HS diet followed by administration of B. Obscura powder at 5% or 10% for 21 days, while the control group received a chow diet and distilled water and the positive control group received the HF/HS diet and distilled water. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed; the parameters of lipid profile, markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant status were evaluated. ResultsHF/HS diet successfully induced weight gain, oxidative stress and lipid profile disorders from rats. Treatment with powder of B. obscura at 10% than the 5% showed a reduction of body weight in treated groups and, anti-hyperlipidemic effect by improving lipid profile parameters. Triglycerides, Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were lower (p<0.05) and HDL-cholesterol levels higher in the treated groups compared to positive control. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and improvement protein thiols levels and catalase activity were also observed in treated groups. ConclusionThis study revealed that B. obscura whole plant was efficient in reducing biomarkers involved in metabolic syndrome and could efficiently help in its management by preventive effect.

Evaluation of the Anti-Oxidative Effects of Monocyte Cells Treated with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Supernatant on Experimental Colitis in BALB/c Mice

Background: Alternate activation of monocytes could induce anti-inflammatory impacts. This study aimed to investigate whether monocyte cells treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells supernatant (MSC-Sp) could improve anti-inflammatory responses as a cell transfer therapy for colitis. Materials and Methods: The induction of experimental colitis was done by acetic acid in four groups of male BALB/c mice, including the control colitis, treated-monocytes, non-treated-monocytes, and mesalazine groups. Following MSCs culture, the supernatant was harvested, and then 50% conditioned media, or negative control media was added to the monocytes for 24 h. After ten days, peritoneal injection of treated or non-treated-monocytes (105 cells/100µL) was performed in animals' relevant groups of colitis. Ten days later, the oxidative stress profile and histopathological evaluation of colon tissue were assessed. Results: Treated monocytes showed a significant improvement in the oxidative stress profile, namely myeloperoxidase (0.126±0.008), nitric oxide (0.153±0.01), and malondialdehyde (0.148±0.014) compared to the control colitis group (P&lt;0.05). Also, histopathological results revealed that the rate of damage in the treated-monocytes group was less than in normal mice. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the treated monocytes had anti-oxidative potential in colitis mice and were usable as a complementary therapy. [GMJ.2021;10:e2131]