Oxidative Stress Profile Research Articles

Neuroprotective effect of anethole against rotenone induced non-motor deficits and oxidative stress in rat model of Parkinson’s disease

IntroductionNon-motor symptoms (NMS) have high prevalence in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). These symptoms are mainly the result of increased oxidative stress and neuronal damage. In this study we investigated the possible neuroprotective effects of anethole as a potent antioxidant on rotenone-induced behavioral deficits, hippocampal neuronal death, and oxidative stress profile in rats. MethodsMale Wistar rats were administered with anethole (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg, i.g) concomitantly with rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c) for 35 days. Shuttle box and novel object recognition tests were performed to determine cognitive functions, and tail flick test was used to measure pain sensitivity. The levels of BDNF, MDA, SOD, and GPx were assayed in the hippocampus. Hippocampal neuronal damage was evaluated using cresyl violet staining technique. ResultsChronic administration of rotenone induced cognitive deficit and reduced thermal pain threshold. Rotenone also decreased SOD and GPx activities, increased MDA level, and reduced the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus. In addition, hippocampal neuronal loss was increased in rotenone treated rats. Treatment with high dose of anethole (250 mg/kg) improved cognitive function and increased pain threshold in all three doses (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg). Despite the unchanged SOD and GPx activities, hippocampal levels of MDA was significantly decreased after high-dose anethole treatment. Moreover, High dose of anethole increased the number of surviving neurons in the hippocampus, but couldn’t increase the BDNF expression. ConclusionOur findings indicated that anethole has antioxidant and neuroprotective effects against non-motor disorders induced by rotenone toxicity.

Cucumis melo Var. agrestis Naudin as a potent antidiabetic: Investigation via experimental methods

BackgroundThe present study reveals that the ethanolic extract of Cucumis melo var. agrestis (CMVA), can influence the activity of blood glucose level, insulin level, oxidative stress, and lipid profile in Alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic rats. MethodsWistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6), viz. Normal control (non-diabetic), diabetic control (alloxan induced), diabetic treated group (infused with doses 250 and 500 mg/kg b.w) of CMVA ethanolic extract, and standard treated diabetes (infused with pioglitazone 1 mg/kg b.w). Diabetes was induced by administration of alloxan monohydrate (150 mg/kg i.p). The ethanolic extract of CMVA was supplemented orally in different doses for 45 days. Biochemical investigations as well as histopathological examination were carried out accordingly. ResultsThe diabetic rats supplemented with CMVA significantly decreased blood glucose levels in a dose dependent manner (#p < 0.001). The plasma insulin level was found significantly increased in rats treated with CMVA. However, in CMVA treated group, the oxidative stress parameters (such as SOD, CAT, GSHpx and GSH) and lipid parameters were restored up to normal level (#p < 0.001). Histopathological studies showed that the microscopic architecture of pancreatic cells were improved in CMVA treated groups. ConclusionThe research illustrated that CMVA has potent antidiabetic as well as antioxidant activity along with hypolipidemic effect. Therefore, active phyto-compounds of the selected plants can be isolated and further formulation can be develop in near future.

Persea americana attenuates inflammatory response associated with hyperlipidemia in ovariectomized and irradiated rats by regulating MMP-3/TIMP-1 levels

Objective: To explore the effect of Persea americana supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid profiles in ovariectomized rats fed with a high-fat diet and exposed to radiation. Methods: The control group was sham operated, while groups 2-5 were ovariectomized and fed a high-fat diet. Groups 4 and 5 were exposed to γ-radiation (1 Gy/week for 5 weeks) after ovariectomy. Groups 3 and 5 were treated with 1 mL/250 g/day of Persea americana for one month. Serum levels of estrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins were measured. Additionally, hepatic oxidative stress, inflammatory and fibrogenic markers were evaluated. Results: Persea americana treatment reduced the oxidative stress markers as well as the levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which in turn lowered hepatic fat accumulation. Moreover, it suppressed hepatic inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein) and downregulated pro-fibrogenic markers (transforming growth factor-β and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1). Conclusions: Persea americana provides protection against ovariectomy, and gamma radiation-mediated hepatic inflammation not only through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, lipid-lowering effect but also by modulating the fibrogenic markers.

Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Oxidative Stress Profile in Brachidontes pharaonis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from the Tunisian Coast: Insight into Its Relevance as Bioindicator of Marine Pollution.

This study aims to verify the relevance of Brachidontes pharaonis to assess the ecotoxicological status of polluted sites. For this, the levels of some heavy metals (i.e. Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) and a battery of biomarkers including metallothionein (MT), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were assessed in mussels collected from the harbor of Rades (North), and the harbor of Zarzis (South). Moreover, abiotic parameters including temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were assessed. Results from the ICP-OES showed that the southern population exhibited a higher metal pollution index with significantly higher Zn, Cu, and Pb concentrations. Moreover, the specimens from Zarzis displayed significantly higher levels of MDA, MT, GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT reflecting higher levels of oxidative and chemical stress. These results emphasize the potential utility of B. pharaonis for the monitoring of heavily impacted sites.

Differential effects of high-altitude exposure on markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and iron profiles.

High-altitude (HA) exposure may stimulate significant physiological and molecular changes, resulting in HA-related illnesses. HA may impact oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and iron homeostasis, yet it is unclear how both repeated exposure and HA acclimatization may modulate such effects. Therefore, we assessed the effects of weeklong repeated daily HA exposure (2,900-5,050 m) in altitude-naïve individuals (n = 21 individuals, 13 females, mean ± SD, 25.3 ± 3.7 yr) to mirror the working schedule of HA workers (n = 19 individuals, all males, 41.1 ± 9.4 yr) at the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Observatory (San Pedro de Atacama, Chile). Markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and iron homeostasis were measured in blood plasma. Levels of protein oxidation (P < 0.001) and catalase activity (P = 0.023) increased and serum iron (P < 0.001), serum ferritin (P < 0.001), and transferrin saturation (P < 0.001) levels decreased with HA exposure in both groups. HA workers had lower levels of oxidative stress, and higher levels of antioxidant capacity, iron supply, and hemoglobin concentration as compared with altitude-naïve individuals. On a second week of daily HA exposure, changes in levels of protein oxidation, glutathione peroxidase, and nitric oxide metabolites were lower as compared with the first week in altitude-naïve individuals. These results indicate that repeated exposure to HA may significantly alter oxidative stress and iron homeostasis, and the degree of such changes may be dependent on if HA is visited naïvely or routinely. Further studies are required to fully elucidate differences in HA-induced changes in oxidative stress and iron homeostasis profiles among visitors of HA.

Evaluation of Hematological, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Profile in Cattle Infected with Brucellosis in Southern Punjab, Pakistan.

Brucellosis is a well-known and harmful zoonotic disease that poses a severe threat to public health and wild and dairy animals. Due to a lack of monitoring and awareness, disease incidence has increased. Therefore, this study was conducted for the first time to ascertain the status of seroprevalence of brucellosis, hematological, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes in different breeds of cattle reared under tropical-desert conditions in Pakistan. This study comprised 570 cattle of different breeds. We recorded some epidemiological traits, including age and gender. The blood samples were obtained from all the cattle, screened with RBPT, and then confirmed by ELISA and PCR. The results recorded an overall 11.75%, 10.7%, and 9.64% prevalence of brucellosis based on RBPT, ELISA, and PCR. We obtained nonsignificant results in different age and sex groups of cattle. The results showed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower values of erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin quantity, hematocrit, lymphocytes, and monocytes in infected cases. The results showed that the total leukocyte and neutrophil cells significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased. The lipid peroxidation parameters (MDA- and NO-scavenging activity of erythrocyte) increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in infected cattle, whereas significantly reduced antioxidant enzymes like SOD, RGSH, and CAT were. Similarly, significantly lower serum albumin levels and total serum proteins were recorded in infected cattle.

OXR1 signaling pathway as a possible mechanism of elastase-induced oxidative damage in pulmonary cells: the protective role of ellagic acid.

Oxidative stress is a process that occurs through free radicals on the cell membranes which causes damage to the cell and intracellular organelles, especially mitochondria membranes. H2O2 induced oxidative stress in human cells is of interest in toxicological research since oxidative stress plays a main role in the etiology of several pathological conditions. Neutrophil Elastase (Serine proteinase) is involved in the pathology process of emphysema as a respiratory disease through lung inflammation, and destruction of alveolar walls. The present study investigated the direct oxidative stress effects of Elastase in comparison with H2O2 on human lung epithelial cells (A549 cells) concerning the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and modulation of oxidation resistance 1 (OXR1) and its downstream pathway using the well-known antioxidant Ellagic acid as an activator of antioxidant genes. The human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549) were divided into the nine groups including Negative control, Positive control (H2O2), Elastase (15, 30, and 60mU/mL), Ellagic acid (10μmol/L), and Elastase + Ellagic acid. Cytotoxicity, ROS generation, oxidative stress profile, level of reactive metabolites, and gene expression of OXR1 and its downstream genes were measured in all groups. The obtained data demonstrated that Elastase exposure caused oxidative stress damage in a dose-depended manner which was associated with decreases in antioxidant defense system genes. Conversely, treatment with Ellagic acid as a potent antioxidant showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and content which was in line with the upregulation of OXR1 signaling pathway genes. The present findings can highlight the novel mechanism underlying the oxidative stress induced by Neutrophil Elastase through OXR1 and related genes. Moreover, the benefit of Ellagic acid on cytoprotection, resulting from its antioxidant properties was documented.

Methanol leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis protected against dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress induced by high-fat diet in Wistar rats

BackgroundHigh-fat diet (HFD) has been linked to oxidative stress, dyslipidaemia, obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that medicinal plants have antioxidant properties and may have protective effects against oxidative stress and dyslipidaemia induced by high-fat diet. Chrysophyllum albidum (white star apple) and Irvingia gabonensis (African bush mango) are very useful medicinal plants common in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This study was aimed at investigating the protective effect of methanol leaf extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis against dyslipidaemia and oxidative stress in Wistar rats promoted by the consumption of HFD as well as characterize active compounds in the extracts. Thirty-six male Wistar rats were assigned into six groups of six animals each and respective groups received normal fat diet (NFD), HFD, HFD + Chrysophyllum albidum (250 mg/kg/ 500 mg/kg), HFD + Irvingia gabonensis (250 mg/kg/ 500 mg/kg) for fifty six days. Dietary intake, body weight, lipid profile and indicators of oxidative stress were measured.ResultsAdministration of plant extracts did not change the pattern of food intake of the animals. There was a significant inhibition (p < 0.05) of increase in the body weight of rats treated with plant extracts in comparison with those rats that consumed HFD only. There was significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations in rats fed with HFD only when compared with NFD control and extract treated groups. However, HFD control produced significantly lower (p < 0.05) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase than normal control and extract treated groups. Gas chromatography flame ionization detector analysis of these extracts revealed the abundance of kaempferol, quercetin, luteolin, myricetin and naringenin and tannic acid.ConclusionsThe observed antioxidant and anti-dyslipidaemic properties of leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum and Irvingia gabonensis may be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and tannic acid.

Anthocyanins-rich interventions on oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid profile in patients undergoing hemodialysis: meta-analysis and meta-regression.

The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of anthocyanins-interventions on oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profile in patients undergoing hemodialysis. This systematic review and meta-analysis were registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42020209742). The primary outcome was anthocyanins-rich intervention on OS parameters and secondary outcome was anthocyanins-rich intervention on inflammation and dyslipidemia. RevMan 5.4 software was used to analyze the effect size of anthocyanins-rich intervention on OS, inflammation and dyslipidemia. Meta-analysis effect size calculations incorporated random-effects model for both outcomes 1 and 2. Eight studies were included in the systematic review (trials enrolling 715 patients; 165 men and 195 women; age range between 30 and 79 years). Anthocyanin intervention in patients undergoing hemodialysis decrease the oxidant parameters (std. mean: -2.64, 95% CI: [-3.77, -1.50], P ≤ 0.0001, I2 = 97%). Specially by reduction of malondialdehyde products in favor of anthocyanins-rich intervention (std. mean: -14.58 µmol.L, 95% CI: [-26.20, -2.96], P ≤ 0.0001, I2 = 99%) and myeloperoxidase (std. mean: -1.28 ηg.mL, 95% CI: [-2.11, -0.45], P = 0.003, I2 = 77%) against placebo group. Decrease inflammatory parameters (std. mean: -0.57, 95% CI: [-0.98, -0.16], P = 0.007, I2 = 79%), increase HDL cholesterol levels (std. mean: 0.58 mg.dL, 95% CI: [0.23, 0.94], P = 0.001, I2 = 12%) against placebo group. Anthocyanins-rich intervention seems to reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory parameters and improve lipid profile by increasing HDL cholesterol levels in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis.

Feline obesity causes hematological and biochemical changes and oxidative stress - a pilot study.

Obesity, an extremely important factor in feline clinical practice, is estimated to affect up to one third of the feline population. Moreover, it can trigger chronic inflammation, which could predispose to oxidative stress by increasing reactive oxygen species, thereby generating potentially irreversible cellular damage. This study analyzed hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress profiles at various degrees of feline obesity. Forty-five cats were selected and divided into three groups: control (n = 17), overweight (n = 13) and obese (n = 15), after clinical and laboratory evaluation and body condition score. Biochemical and oxidative stress analyses were performed using a photocolorimeter and hematological analyses were performed in a veterinary cell counter. Obese cats showed increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV), red cell distribution width (RDW), HDL cholesterol and triglycerides and decreased activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) than control cats, although within the reference ranges for the species. As for oxidative stress, obese cats showed higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC), by the inhibition of 2,2'-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzthiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid (ABTS), inhibition of ABTS associated with horseradish peroxidase (ABTS + HRP), cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, while overweight cats had a higher TAC-ABTS + HRP and TAC-FRAP than control cats. We conclude that the conditions of natural obesity and overweight in the feline species alter its hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters.

Low-dose hydralazine reduces albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis in a mouse model of obesity-related chronic kidney disease.

AimTo determine, using a mouse model of obesity, whether low‐dose hydralazine prevents obesity‐related chronic kidney disease (CKD).MethodsFrom 8 weeks of age, male C57BL/6 mice received a high‐fat diet (HFD) or chow, with or without low‐dose hydralazine (25 mg/L) in drinking water, for 24 weeks. Biometric and metabolic variables, renal function and structural changes, renal global DNA methylation, DNA methylation profile and markers of renal fibrosis, injury, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed.ResultsThe HFD‐fed mice developed obesity, with glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia. Obesity increased albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, which were significantly ameliorated by low‐dose hydralazine in the absence of a blood pressure‐lowering effect. Obesity increased renal global DNA methylation and this was attenuated by low‐dose hydralazine. HFD‐induced changes in methylation of individual loci were also significantly reversed by low‐dose hydralazine. Obese mice demonstrated increased markers of kidney fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, but these markers were not significantly improved by hydralazine.ConclusionLow‐dose hydralazine ameliorated HFD‐induced albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, independent of alterations in biometric and metabolic variables or blood pressure regulation. Although the precise mechanism of renoprotection in obesity is unclear, an epigenetic basis may be implicated. These data support repurposing hydralazine as a novel therapy to prevent CKD progression in obese patients.

Evaluation of DNA Damage, Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, and Status of Antioxidant Enzymes in Freshwater Fish (Labeo rohita) Exposed to Pyriproxyfen

Pyriproxyfen (PPF) mimics a natural hormone in insects and disrupts their growth. It is a well-known synthetic insecticide and aromatic juvenile hormone analog frequently used in agriculture and vegetable crops to control various insect species. At present, scanty information is available about the possible potential threats of PPF in aquatic organisms. Therefore, in this study, different toxico-pathologic endpoints of PPF like DNA damage, biomarkers of oxidative stress, and status of antioxidant enzymes were determined in Labeo rohita (freshwater fish). In our study, 60 active, free from any external obvious ailments, same size, age, and body mass were randomly allocated to four glass aquaria (T0-T3) separately containing 100 L water. The fish present in groups T1, T2, and T3 were administered PPF dissolved in water 300, 600, and 900 μg/L for 30 days. Different tissues including the blood and visceral organs were obtained from each fish on days 10, 20, and 30 of the experiment. Results on various morphological and nuclear changes in red blood cells of PPF-exposed Labeo rohita fish including pear-shaped erythrocytes, spherocytes, red blood cells with a blebbed nucleus, micronucleus, and nuclear remnants were significantly increased. Our results on genotoxicity (comet assay) recorded significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased DNA damage in various tissues of insecticide-exposed fish. The results on oxidative stress profile (reactive oxygen species and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and antioxidant enzymes (reduced glutathione superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) in multiple tissues of Labeo rohita fish concluded significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher quantity of biomarkers of oxidative stress and lower concentrations of different antioxidant enzymes in treated fish. Hence, the findings of our experimental research determine that PPF could induce adverse toxic impacts on multiple tissues of Labeo rohita fish.

Morus Alba leaf extract affects metabolic profiles, biomarkers inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind clinical trial

Morus Alba extract, despite its special properties, has been less studied in terms of its effects on metabolic profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was carried out to determine the effects of Morus Alba extract, known as white mulberry, on liver enzymes, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, insulin metabolism and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM. The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 patients with T2DM. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups to receive either Morus Alba extract (300mg) (n=30) or placebo (n=30) twice a day. Fasting blood samples were collected at the baseline and 12 weeks after intervention to quantify related markers. Morus Alba extract intake significantly decreased insulin (P=0.026) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (P<0.001), and significantly increased HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P=0.001) compared with the placebo. However, Morus Alba extract intake did not affect other metabolic profiles. The results of this study shown that the 12-week administration of Morus Alba extract among subjects with T2DM had beneficial effects on HDL-cholesterol, insulin and MDA levels, but did not affect other metabolic profiles. The present study was registered in the Iranian website for clinical trials as http://www.irct.ir: IRCT2016081312438N21.

Saffron reduces some inflammation and oxidative stress markers in donepezil-treated mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's Disease patients: A randomized double-blind placebo-control trial

BackgroundMounting evidence indicates the possible positive effects of Crocus sativus (saffron) on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This study assessed the effects of saffron on cognitive outcomes and circulatory markers in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. MethodsSixty adults with mild-to-moderate AD were found eligible to take part in a 12-week, randomized double-blind placebo-control clinical trial with a parallel-group design. Volunteers were randomized to receive donepezil plus either saffron capsule at 15 mg/twice a day dose or placebo (n = 30 each). The main outcomes of this study were the changes in the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score, serum inflammatory markers (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and serum antioxidant and oxidative stress status markers (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)). ResultsMMSE score of the patients in the saffron group was not significantly different from the placebo group (p = 0.303). When compared to the placebo treatment, saffron administration significantly decreased IL-1β (p = 0.036) and MDA (p = 0.021) levels and increased TAC (p = 0.032) in the serum sample of mild-to-moderate AD patients. ConclusionThis study showed no additional effects of saffron supplementation on cognitive outcomes in donepezil-treated mild-to-moderate AD patients; however, patients in the saffron group had improved inflammatory, antioxidant, and oxidative stress profiles compared with the placebo group, which may prove the beneficial effects of the additive on circulatory markers in AD patients.

Immunomodulatory effect of a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet compared with bariatric surgery and a low-calorie diet in patients with excessive body weight

<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background & aim</h3> Inflammation and oxidative stress are the most probable mechanistic link between obesity and its co-diseases with cancer among them. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the nutritional ketosis and weight loss induced by a very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) modulates the inflammatory and oxidative stress profile, compared with a standard, balanced hypocaloric diet (LCD) or bariatric surgery (BS) in patients with obesity. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was performed in 79 patients with overweight or obesity and 32 normal-weight volunteers as the control group. Patients with obesity underwent a weight reduction therapy based on VLCKD, LCD or BS. The quantification of the circulating levels of a multiplexing test of cytokines and carcinogenesis/aging biomarkers, as well as of lipid peroxides and total antioxidant power, was carried out. <h3>Results</h3> First, we observed that pro-inflammatory cytokines increase, while anti-inflammatory cytokines decrease under excessive body weight. Relevantly, when patients underwent weight loss strategies, it was shown that energy-restricted and surgical strategies of weight loss induced changes in circulating cytokine and lipid peroxides. This effect was more notable in patients following the VLCKD than the LCD or BS and it was observed mainly in the ketosis phase of the intervention. Particularly, IL-11, IL-12, IL-2, INF-γ, INF-β, Pentraxin-3 or MMP1 changed after VLCKD. Whereas, APRIL, TWEAK, osteocalcin and IL-28A increased after BS. <h3>Conclusion</h3> As far as we know, this is the first study that evaluate the time-course of cytokines and oxidative stress markers after a VLCKD as compared with a standard LCD and BS. The observed results support the immunomodulatory effect of nutritional ketosis induced by a VLCKD synergistically with weight loss as a strategy to improve innate-immunity and to prevent infections and carcinogenesis in patients with obesity.

Improvement of Glycaemia and Endothelial Function by a New Low-Dose Curcuminoid in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes.

Curcumin has been suggested as a promising treatment for metabolic diseases, but the high doses required limit its therapeutic use. In this study, a new curcuminoid is synthesised to increase curcumin anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential and to achieve hypoglycaemic and protective vascular effects in type 2 diabetic rats in a lower dose. In vitro, the anti-inflammatory effect was determined through the Griess reaction, and the antioxidant activity through ABTS and TBARS assays. In vivo, Goto-Kakizaki rats were treated for 2 weeks with the equimolar dose of curcumin (40 mg/kg/day) or curcuminoid (52.4 mg/kg/day). Fasting glycaemia, insulin tolerance, plasma insulin, insulin signalling, serum FFA, endothelial function and several markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. Both compounds presented a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, the curcuminoid had a marked hypoglycaemic effect, accompanied by higher GLUT4 levels in adipose tissue. Both compounds increased NO-dependent vasorelaxation, but only the curcuminoid exacerbated the response to ascorbic acid, consistent with a higher decrease in vascular oxidative and nitrosative stress. SOD1 and GLO1 levels were increased in EAT and heart, respectively. Altogether, these data suggest that the curcuminoid developed here has more pronounced effects than curcumin in low doses, improving the oxidative stress, endothelial function and glycaemic profile in type 2 diabetes.

Redox profiles of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis lymphoblasts with or without known SOD1 mutations.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal and rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons. This disease is associated with oxidative stress especially in mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (mutSOD1) patients. However, less is known for the most prevalent sporadic ALS form, due to a lack of disease models. Here, we studied oxidative stress profiles in lymphoblasts from ALS patients with mutSOD1 or unknown (undSOD1) mutations. mutSOD1 and undSOD1 lymphoblasts, as well as sex/age-matched controls (3/group) were obtained from Coriell and divided into 46years-old-men (C1), 46years-old-women (C2) or 26/27years-old-men (C3) cohorts. Growth curves were performed, and several parameters associated with redox homeostasis were evaluated, including SOD activity and expression, general oxidative stress levels, lipid peroxidation, response to oxidative stimulus, glutathione redox cycle, catalase expression, and activity, and Nrf2 transcripts. Pooled (all cohorts) and paired (intra-cohort) statistical analyses were performed, followed by clustering and principal component analyses (PCA). Although a high heterogeneity among lymphoblast redox profiles was found between cohorts, clustering analysis based on 7 parameters with high chi-square ranking (total SOD activity, oxidative stress levels, catalase transcripts, SOD1 protein levels, metabolic response to mM concentrations of tert-butyl hydroperoxide, glutathione reductase activity, and Nrf2 transcript levels) provided a perfect cluster segregation between samples from healthy controls and ALS (undSOD1 and mutSOD1), also visualized in the PCA. Our results show distinct redox signatures in lymphoblasts from mutSOD1, undSOD1 and healthy controls that can be used as therapeutic targets for ALS drug development.

Effect of Superoxide dismutase on cryopreservation of mithun semen

The present study was designed to assess the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on post thaw semen quality parameters (SQPs), kinetic profiles and seminal biochemical profiles in mithun. A total of 25 ejaculates were selected and each was split into four equal aliquots after dilution with Tris-citrate-glycerol (TCG) extender such as Group I: control, Group II, III and IV contained 50, 100 and 150 U/ml of SOD, respectively. Cryopreserved and thawed samples were analysed for their motility parameters (progressive forward and in bovine cervical mucus penetration test [BCMPT]), kinetic and velocity parameters by computer assisted sperm analyser (CASA), viability, sperm morphological and nuclear abnormalities, acrosomal, plasma membrane and nuclear integrities and sperm enzymatic leakage and biochemical (sperm cholesterol and antioxidant and oxidative stress) profiles. Study revealed a significant (p &lt;0.05) enhancement in viability, sperm morphological and nuclear normalities, acrosome integrity, motility (progressive and BCMPT), sperm cholesterol content and reduction in leakage of intracellular enzymes in Group III. Moreover, intactness of acrosome and biochemical membranes were protected significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in addition to significant (p &lt; 0.05) improvement in kinetic and velocity profiles in extender containing 100 U/mL SOD. These results clearly suggest that however the cryopreservation of mithun’s spermatozoa in TCG was comparable with other species and inclusion of 100 U/mL SOD holds a clear advantage over control or 50 or 150 U/mL SOD. It can be concluded that SOD supplementation in semen extender can be effectively utilized to reduce the oxidative stress and improved the antioxidant profiles with cascading beneficial effects on cryopreserved semen quality parameters in mithun.

Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in Long-COVID-19 Patients with Persistent Breathlessness and Fatigue: The COVID-Rehab Study.

(1) Background: Cardiopulmonary and brain functions are frequently impaired after COVID-19 infection. Exercise rehabilitation could have a major impact on the healing process of patients affected by long COVID-19. (2) Methods: The COVID-Rehab study will investigate the effectiveness of an eight-week cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program on cardiorespiratory fitness (O2max) in long-COVID-19 individuals. Secondary objectives will include functional capacity, quality of life, perceived stress, sleep quality (questionnaires), respiratory capacity (spirometry test), coagulation, inflammatory and oxidative-stress profile (blood draw), cognition (neuropsychological tests), neurovascular coupling and pulsatility (fNIRS). The COVID-Rehab project was a randomised clinical trial with two intervention arms (1:1 ratio) that will be blindly evaluated. It will recruit a total of 40 individuals: (1) rehabilitation: centre-based exercise-training program (eight weeks, three times per week); (2) control: individuals will have to maintain their daily habits. (3) Conclusions: Currently, there are no specific rehabilitation guidelines for long-COVID-19 patients, but preliminary studies show encouraging results. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05035628).

Antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effect of red wine in wistar rats fed with obesogenic diet

The health benefits resulting from the usual ingestion of red wines have been studied in humans and animals. However, the evaluation of benefits in antioxidant, hypoglycemic and hypolipemic activity concomitant with the use of an obesogenic diet in adult Wistar rats has been little explored. The present study investigated the use of red wine derived from Northeast Brazil in adult rats fed with an obesogenic diet on antioxidant activity, glucose tolerance, adipose, glycemic and lipemic profile. Sixty 45-day old male Wistar rats formed two groups: standard diet and westernized diet. After changes in body mass and glycemic levels, the animals were subdivided into six subgroups (n = 10 per group) and received water, red wine or hydroalcoholic solution by gavage. The data reveal that the moderate and chronic use of red wine improves the glycemic, lipid and oxidative stress profile, being favorable in preventing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in rats fed with an obesogenic diet.