Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation and Oxidative Stress Profile in Brachidontes pharaonis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from the Tunisian Coast: Insight into Its Relevance as Bioindicator of Marine Pollution.

Abstract

This study aims to verify the relevance of Brachidontes pharaonis to assess the ecotoxicological status of polluted sites. For this, the levels of some heavy metals (i.e. Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd) and a battery of biomarkers including metallothionein (MT), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were assessed in mussels collected from the harbor of Rades (North), and the harbor of Zarzis (South). Moreover, abiotic parameters including temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were assessed. Results from the ICP-OES showed that the southern population exhibited a higher metal pollution index with significantly higher Zn, Cu, and Pb concentrations. Moreover, the specimens from Zarzis displayed significantly higher levels of MDA, MT, GSH, GPx, SOD, and CAT reflecting higher levels of oxidative and chemical stress. These results emphasize the potential utility of B. pharaonis for the monitoring of heavily impacted sites.