Oxidative Stress In Wistar Rats Research Articles

Experimental Periodontitis Increases Anxious Behavior and Worsens Cognitive Aspects and Systemic Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats.

Periodontitis (PD) has the potential to induce systemic changes that affect both physical and behavioral aspects. These alterations may be associated with changes in both the inflammatory profile and the oxidative stress status of individuals with PD. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of PD on oxidative stress, as well as on behavioral parameters and cognitive impairment, in a preclinical model. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to PD and sham groups. PD was induced by the ligature protocol for 14 days. Behavioral tests were initiated on the 9th day of the experiment to evaluate anxious behavior and cognition (learning and memory). After euthanasia, oxidative stress was evaluated in the gums, blood, hippocampus, and amygdala. Alveolar bone loss, bone microstructure, and elemental compositions of the mandibular bone were also assessed. PD increased alveolar bone loss, reduced the calcium and phosphorus content in the mandibular bone, and increased anxiety-like behavior and cognitive decline (p < 0.05). Furthermore, PD significantly affected the redox balance, as evidenced by increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the gingiva and hippocampus (p < 0.05). It also led to increased lipid peroxidation in the gingiva and erythrocytes (p < 0.05), decreased antioxidant defenses in erythrocytes (superoxide dismutase) and the hippocampus (catalase), and increased antioxidant activity (catalase) in the amygdala (p < 0.05). PD resulted in cognitive alterations, including impairments in spatial learning and memory, as well as increased anxious behavior, likely due to redox imbalance in rats.

Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Cinnamomum cassia Oil in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats.

Diabetes mellitus presents a great diversity of treatments that cause adverse effects; therefore, plants are a source of compounds that may have fewer adverse effects; Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia) has compounds with potential antidiabetic activity. The objective was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of C. cassia oil (CCO) and its impact on oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Five groups were evaluated: (1) sham (SH), (2) 300 mg/kg CCO (CCO), (3) diabetic (D) induced with alloxan, (4) D + 300 mg/kg of CCO (D + CCO), and (5) D + 500 mg/kg of metformin (D + MET); all were treated for 5 days. CCO did not show alteration in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) vs. SH. D + CCO vs. D significantly reduced glucose (333 ± 109 vs. 458 ± 81 mg/dL), ALT (66 ± 15 vs. 160 ± 54 U/L), AST (119 ± 26 vs. 243 ± 104 U/L), and blood urea nitrogen (18.8 ± 2.3 vs. 29.2 ± 6.9 mg/dL). No significant changes were observed in D + CCO vs. D in malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), whereas a significant reduction in MDA and GSH was achieved in D + MET, with an increase in SOD. There was a reduction in Rela and Gpx in D + CCO and D + MET vs. D. CCO has antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects and reduces ALT, AST, and BUN levels.

Modulation of BDNF Expression by Bryophyllum pinnatum Extract: Implications for Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Function in Pain-induced Wistar Rats

This research work investigated modulatory effects of Bryophylum pinnatum extract on BDNF expression, and cognitive functions in repetitive pain-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Animals weighing between 80–100g were acquired from the animal house of the Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, and all animals received standard laboratory rat feeds and water ad libitum. The study was designed to assess the time dependent effects with a total of 30 rats divided into 6 groups. Group 1(Control), Group 2 (Pain Only), Group 3 (Pain + 5mg/kg Morphine), Group 4 (Pain + 10mg/kg Morphine), Group (Pain + 25mg/kg Bryophylumm Pinnatum), Group 6 (Pain + 50mg/kg Bryophylumm Pinnatum), Hydromethanolic extracts was prepared accordingly, and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis were carried out. Neurobehavioral studies were conducted weekly to assess the effects of the interventions on cognitive and neurological parameters, using radial maze and navigational maze test. Assay of BDNF was done using the Elisa method. The Results showed that Morphine and Bryophyllum pinnatum both significantly improved BDNF expression, showed antioxidant effects, improved cognitive functions, and provided possible mechanisms of pain relief. Pharmacokinetic studies on the binding affinities and drug-likeness properties of the active compounds from these extracts revealed some favorable properties with regard to management of oxidative stress and promotion of cognitive function in states of pain. The study therefore provide indication of the therapeutic potential of Bryophyllum pinnatum in the effective management of Pain, oxidative stress and cognitive functions.

Extraction, Characterization, and Nutraceutical Potential of Prosthechea karwinskii Orchid for Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats.

Prosthechea karwinskii is an endemic orchid of Mexico with cultural significance for its ornamental, food, religious, and medicinal uses. In traditional medicine, diabetic patients use the leaves of this plant to lower glucose levels. The present study evaluated the effect of P. karwinskii leaves extract on the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in a model of obese rats with insulin resistance for its nutraceutical potential to reduce insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Obesity and insulin resistance were induced with 40% sucrose in water for 20 weeks. Four groups (control rats, obese rats, obese rats administered the extract, and obese rats administered metformin) were evaluated. Extract compounds were identified by UHPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS. Glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and insulin resistance indices (HOMA-IR and TyG), as well as the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, increased in rats in the obese group. Administration of P. karwinskii extract and metformin reduced glucose, insulin, triglyceride, and insulin resistance indices and antioxidant enzyme activity to values similar to those of the control group. Therefore, this study shows the nutraceutical potential of P. karwinskii extract as an ingredient in the formulation of dietary supplements or functional foods to help treat diseases whose pathophysiology is related to oxidative stress and insulin resistance.

The Effect of Chronic Administration of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Rats

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد تأثير التناول المزمن للمنشطات من نوع الأمفيتامين بجرعات متفاوتة على الالتهاب والإجهاد التأكسدي في فئران ويستار. تم إعطاؤهم ميثيلفينيديت وتم تقسيمهم إلى 4 مجموعات علاجية. علاوة على ذلك ، تم إجراء تجميع عشوائي بسيط لتقسيم العينات إلى 5 مجموعات ، تتكون كل مجموعة من 9 فئران. تضمنت هذه المجموعات الفئران التي أعطيت فقط الماء المقطر كعناصر تحكم ، بالإضافة إلى تلك التي أعطيت ميثيلفينيديت بجرعات 10 مجم / كجم من وزن الجسم ، و 20 مجم / كجم من وزن الجسم ، و 40 مجم / كجم من وزن الجسم لمدة 4 أسابيع كمجموعات تجريبية. ثم تم إجراء التحليل الإحصائي باستخدام GraphPad Prism لمقارنة تأثيرات الإجهاد التأكسدي والالتهاب الجهازي و BDNF والذاكرة المكانية لفئران Wistar. أدى الاستخدام المزمن للمنشطات إلى انخفاض كبير في مستويات الجلوتاثيون بيروكسيديز وكذلك زيادة في إطلاق IL-6 وعامل نخر الورم ألفا مقارنة بمجموعة التحكم. بناءً على النتائج ، لعبت المسارات المتورطة في الضعف الإدراكي ، والتي كانت مرتبطة باستخدام المنشطات من نوع الأمفيتامين ، دورًا في معالجة التأثير الضار لتعاطي المخدرات والأمراض المصاحبة لها.

Cardio and Neuroprotective Effects of Naringenin Against Aluminum Chloride-induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Background: Plant secondary metabolites have been reported to offer a wide variety of medicinal purposes, including protection against heavy metal toxicity. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the potentiality of naringenin a flavonoid in ameliorating the antioxidant defense system of neural and cardiac cells against aluminum chloride (AlCl3 ) toxicity in rats. Methods: The rats were divided into control (group 1), AlCl3 -treated (2), AlCl3+Naringenin-treated (3), and Naringenin-treated (4) groups. During experimentation, group 2 received an oral dose of 100 mg/kg/BW of AlCl3 , and group 3 received 100 mg/kg/BW of AlCl3 and 50 mg/ kg/BW of naringenin. In addition, group 4 received 50 mg/kg/BW of naringenin each day, while group 1 and all groups received a normal diet and water ad libitum for 30 days. The animals were sacrificed, and then blood, brain, and heart tissues were collected for biochemical and histological studies. Results: The results revealed that naringenin administration ameliorates the antioxidant defense system (catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and glutathione transferase) in AlCl3 toxicity in neural and cardiac tissues. AlCl3 caused oxidative tissue damage, showing a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) (P&lt;0.05) in both tissues. The levels of neurotransmitter acetylcholine esterase, nitric oxide, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the rats of group 3 were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher compared with AlCl3 -intoxicated rats. Furthermore, the AlCl3 -administered group had significantly (P&lt;0.05) elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, with reduced high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in comparison to the naringenin-treated and control groups. Naringenin treatment normalized the lipid profile. Histological analysis using the hematoxylin and eosin staining method revealed that AlCl3 caused degenerative changes in the cerebellum and cardiac tissues, which were ameliorated by co-treatment with naringenin. Conclusion: Naringenin has the potential to mitigate AlCl3 -induced oxidative stress (OS) in the neural and cardiac tissues of rats by enhancing the antioxidant defense system and reversing tissue injuries in the brain and heart.

In vitro and In vivo Antioxidant Effect of Mango, Coconut and Cotton Seed Oils on Hydrogen Peroxide- Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

This study is aimed at determining the antioxidant activity of Mango kernel oil (MKO), Coconut oil (CCO) and Cotton seed oil (CSO) in vitro and in vivo. Antioxidant parameters demonstrated by five spectrophotometric methods such as: DPPH, FRAP, MCA, HRSA and SRSA was determined in the oils. Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), catalase activity (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in the serum of the Wistar rats. The antioxidant assay of the oils showed Coconut oil (75.67±0.21 %) was able to neutralize the DPPH radical more than the other oils followed by Cotton seed oil (38.70±0.23 %) and Mango kernel oil (31.56±0.24 %). Coconut oil exhibited the highest FRAP activity at (1.04 mMolFe2+) while the Cotton seed oil displayed significantly lower (P&lt; 0.05) FRAP activity at (0.18±0.00 mMolFe2+). The Metal chelating activity (MCA) of Coconut oil (52.72±0.24 %) was found to be significantly higher than Mango and Cotton seed oils, Superoxide radical scavenging activity showed Coconut oil (62.36±0.01 %) having a relatively high ability to scavenge superoxide radicals better than the other oils with the standard glutathione being significantly higher (81.36±0.07 %). The result of the in vivo study showed the mean values for the SOD of MKO (118.10±5.39 IU/L), CCO (120.53±4.53 IU/L) and CSO (108.80±3.33 IU/L), CAT of MKO (108.93±11.60 IU/L), CCO (96.85±11.69 IU/L) and CSO (88.28±10.66 IU/L) and MDA of MKO (0.25±0.07 mmol/L), CCO (0.24±0.14 mmol/L) and CSO (0.31±0.02 mmol/L). The oils markedly reduced the amount of MDA while significantly increasing the activities of both CAT and SOD content.

Ameliorating effects of Lactobacillus probiotics on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Ameliorating effects of Lactobacillus probiotics on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity, inflammation, and oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Subchronic Exposure to Mixture of Cadmium, Copper, and Nickel Induces Neurobehavioral Deficits and Hippocampal Oxidative Stress of Wistar Rats.

The present study was aimed at evaluating the influence of the subchronic exposure of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) mixtures on affective behaviors, memory impairment, and oxidative stress (OS) in the hippocampus. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 equal groups. Group 1 (control) received a saline solution (NaCl 0.9%). Groups 2, 3, and 4 received Cd (0.25 mg/kg), Cu (0.5 mg/kg), and Ni (0.25 mg/kg), respectively, while group 5 received a Cd, Cu, and Ni mixture through intraperitoneal injections for 2 months. After the exposure period, all rats were submitted to behavioral tests. Subsequently, OS markers and histological changes in the rats' hippocampi were assessed. Results showed that a 2-month exposure to the mixtures of metals (MM) has led to higher anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and cognitive deficits in rats when compared to the control group and the individual metals. Furthermore, the MM induced heightened OS, evidenced by the rise in lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels. These effects were accompanied by a decrease in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the hippocampus. The histopathological analysis also supported that MM caused a neuronal loss in the CA3 sub-region. Overall, this study underscores that subchronic exposure to the Cd, Cu, and Ni mixture induces an OS status and histological changes in the hippocampus, with important affective and cognitive behavior variations in rats.

Dietary snakehead fish powder alleviates renal injury by suppressing oxidative stress in rat gentamicin-induced

Nephrotoxicity or renal injury is triggered due to the accumulation of drug levels in the kidneys causing oxidative stress. Albumin and omega-3 are known to repair and protect against tissue damage by free radicals due to oxidative stress. Snakehead fish (Channa striata) is a natural resource that is rich in albumin and omega-3. This study aimed to determine the nephroprotective activity of snakehead fish powder (SFP) in Wistar rats induced by gentamicin. This study used thirty male rats divided into six groups. Test animals were divided into normal control (not treated); positive control (omega-3 270 mg/ kg of rat); negative control (CMC Na 0.25%); dose I (350 mg/kg SFP); dose II (700 mg/ kg SFP) and dose III (1400 mg/kg SFP). All groups were induced with 100 mg/kg gentamicin intraperitoneally except for normal control. The treatment was carried out for 14 days. Rats fasted for 24 hrs after the treatment on the last day. The blood test animals were taken to measure creatinine, urea and albumin levels, then sacrificed, and their kidneys were taken for analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels. The data obtained were statistically tested using the one-way ANOVA method and continued with post hoc LSD. The results showed the effect of SFP on the decrease in creatinine, urea, MDA, and GSH levels starting from the smallest dose of 350 mg/kg significantly compared with the negative control in gentamicin-induced Wistar rats. A higher dose of SFP can provide better nephroprotective activity. In conclusion, SFP has nephroprotective activity by suppressing oxidative stress in Wistar rats.

Phœnix dactylifera, L. seed oil alleviates Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Objective Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most serious form of interstitial lung disease. We aimed to investigate the effect of Phœnix dactylifera, L. seed oil (DSO) on a murine model of IPF induced by bleomycin (BLM). Methods Male Wistar rats were treated with a single intra-tracheal injection of BLM (4 mg/kg) and a daily intraperitoneal injection of DSO (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Results Our phytochemical results showed that DSO has an important antioxidant activity with a high content of polyphenols and flavonoids. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed a high amount of oleic and lauric acids and a large quantity of vitamins. Histological examination showed a significant reduction in fibrosis score and collagen bands in the group of rats treated with 75 mg/kg of DSO compared to the BLM group. DSO (75 mg/kg) reversed also the increase in catalase and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels while higher doses (150 and 300 mg/kg) are ineffective against the deleterious effects of BLM. We revealed also that DSO has no renal or hepatic cytotoxic effects. Conclusion DSO can play antioxidant and antifibrotic effects on rat models of pulmonary fibrosis at the lowest dose administered.

Effects of Energy Drinks and Flunitrazepam on Some Cardiac Biomarkers, and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of some energy drinks on cardiac biomarkers (tropin and creatinine phosphokinase) and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. 45 Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups. Group 1 received distilled water; Group 2 received an energy drink (A) (3.75 mg/kg). Group 3 energy drink (A) (7.5 mg/kg) Group 4 received energy drink (B) (3.75 mg/kg). Group 5 energy drink (B) (7.5 mg/kg) Group 6 received flunitrazepam (0.03 ml/kg), Group 7 received 3.75 ml/kg of energy drink (A) and 0.03 ml/kg of flunitrazepam, and Group 8 received 3.75 ml/kg of energy drink (B) and 0.03 ml/kg of flunitrazepam. The result showed that in Group 2, there was a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in cardiac troponin kinase and no significant change in bicarbonate. Group 3 showed a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in the level of cardiac troponin, a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in creatine kinase, and no significant change in bicarbonate. Group 4 showed a significant (p &gt; 0.05) decrease in cardiac troponin and creatine kinase and no significant change in bicarbonate. Group 5 showed a significant (p &gt; 0.05) decrease in cardiac troponin and creatine kinase and no significant change in bicarbonate when compared to the control group. Group 6 showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) increase in cardiac troponin and a decrease (p&gt;0.05) in creatine kinase, but no significant change in bicarbonate. Group 7 showed a significant decrease in cardiac troponin and creatine kinase and no significant change in bicarbonate level when compared to the control group. Group 8 showed a decrease in cardiac troponin and creatine kinase. It was concluded therefore that the consumption of energy drinks and Flunitrazepam led to an increase in oxidative stress and cellular damage.

Modulatory effect of Justicia secunda leaf extract on hematological status, lipid profile, liver function and oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Modulatory effect of Justicia secunda leaf extract on hematological status, lipid profile, liver function and oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Effect of peat biomass smoke exposure on oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Background: Indonesia ranks third in the world regarding air pollution due to forest and land fires; most of the land burned is a peatland. Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 is the largest component of the total smoke particles. Short-term and long-term exposure to PM2.5 remains a hazard to human health.Objective: This study aims to examine the effect of exposure to peat biomass smoke on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and body weight of Wistar rats.Methods: Experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups: Control group (C) is not given treatment, and treatment groups (X1 and X2) are exposed to smoke from peat biomass of 100 g and 150 g of biomass for 60 seconds per day for 14 days. The body weight was examined before and after treatment, while Serum MDA levels were examined after treatment.Results: The results showed significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in serum MDA levels between groups. The highest serum MDA levels were found in group X2 (3.03 ± 0.185 nmol/ml), followed by group X1 (2.67 ± 0.212 nmol/ml) compared to the control group (2.24 ± 0.476 nmol/ml). In contrast, increasing body weight between groups did not show a significant difference.Conclusion: Exposure to PM 2.5 from peat biomass smoke increases oxidative stress in experimental animals.

Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats Under Acute Restraint Stress and Its Modulation by Antioxidants and Nitric Oxide Modulators.

Several pathogenic conditions leading to morbidity, including cancer, aging, diabetes, reperfusion injury, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders, are known to be exacerbated by oxidative stress. Antioxidant therapy is effective in the treatment of such disorders and appears to be a potential therapeutic technique to reduce oxidative stress. The aim of our study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of L-ascorbic acid and nitric oxide (NO) modulators on rats suffering from oxidative stress induced by acute restraint stress (RSx1). In this in vivo study, Wistar rats were subjected to one hour of restraint stress on day 21 to induce oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were used to assess the antioxidant effects. IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. was used for data analysis. Compared to vehicle groups, acute restraint stress (RSx1) dramatically increased MDA levels while decreasing GSH, SOD, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase. L-NAME, 7-NI, AG (50 mg/kg each), and L-ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg) reversed the changes in SOD, MDA, GSH, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase levels. The NO precursor L-arginine (1000 mg/kg) and NO synthase inhibitors followed the same trend. Our study findings highlight the complex role of antioxidants and NO modulators in the pathogenesis of diseases, as evidenced by the reversal of oxidative stress indicators. Antioxidant therapy, with its potential to mitigate oxidative stress, emerges as a viable treatment option for a range of pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress.

Protective effect of vitamin C against ethanol induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats

Inflammation is a natural immune response to harmful agents. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of vitamin C against alcohol-induced toxicity on hematological inflammatory markers. Forty healthy adult male Wistar rats were acclimatized and divided into eight groups. Group A served as the control, while Group B received alcohol. Groups C, D, and E were given varying doses of vitamin C, and Groups F, G, and H received alcohol followed by vitamin C treatments. After twenty-one days, blood samples were collected and analyzed for various markers. Rats receiving alcohol only showed increased white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), along with decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. However, rats receiving vitamin C alone or in combination with alcohol exhibited reduced inflammatory markers and increased antioxidant activity compared to the alcohol-only group. The study demonstrated that commercial-grade vitamin C at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg effectively reduced chronic low-grade inflammation. Overall, the findings suggest that vitamin C supplementation may mitigate the inflammatory effects of alcohol consumption.

Potential role of Vitamin C as an Antioxidant on Bisphenol (BPA) Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar rats

Potential role of Vitamin C as an Antioxidant on Bisphenol (BPA) Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar rats

Effects of Oral Administration of Pulegone on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Effects of Oral Administration of Pulegone on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats

Combination of Curcumin and Quercetin: Reclaiming the Lost Ground Against Nephrotoxicity

Background: An alkylating agent named cyclophosphamide (CP) is an immunosuppressant used in the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis and various cancers. The combination of curcumin and quercetin was evaluated for antioxidant activity against CP-induced renal oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Methods: A prophylactic treatment using a combination of curcumin and quercetin is given to the rats at 80 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg (b.w.) of the oral dose administered before single injection of CP at 200 mg/kg intra-peritoneally (i.p.). The effects of curcumin and quercetin combination on CP-induced nephrotoxicity were investigated using the assay of oxidative stress biomarkers, serum kidney toxicity markers, and histopathology of kidney tissue. Result: A single dose of CP were enhanced the malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level and reduced the body weight indices (OBWI), haematological parameter, glutathione (GSH) content. The oral administration of curcumin and quercetin were caused a substantial reduction of the MDA, creatinine, BUN level and increased the OBWI, haematological parameter, GSH content. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that curcumin and quercetin combination has a prominent role against CP-induced renal injury.

PS-B05-12: ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AND CARDIO-PROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF O. SANCTUM LEAVES EXTRACT IN L-NAME INDUCED HYPERTENSIVE RATS

Objective: There are approximately 26% of adults in the world who suffer from hypertension, which is the most common cardiovascular disease. Essential hypertension is mainly caused by endothelial dysfunction which results from nitric oxide (NO) deficiency. The present study sought to determine the impact of O. sanctum leaf extract (OS) in protecting against L-NAME induced hypertension and oxidative stress in wistar rats. Design and method: A non-specific nitric oxide inhibitor, L-NAME, (40 mg/kg/day), was administered to male Wistar rats to induce hypertension. CoQ10 was used as a standard anti-hypertensive compound. All of the other groups received L-NAME combined with OS extract (200 mg/kg/day) orally for three weeks. Following the treatment, hemodynamic parameters were measured using direct cannulation. The lipid profile, kidney and cardiac functions, as well as markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. The results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results: L-NAME was found to cause high blood pressure, NO depletion, oxidative imbalance and damage in cardiac and kidney function in animals. The Cardiac markers enzyme level were significantly increased in L-NAME only group whereas, the CO-treatment group had lower lower of Cardiac markers as compared to control as well as L-NAME group. In hypertensive rats, OS treatment significantly lowers the expression of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and mineralocorticoid receptor expression in hypertensive rats. Concurrent treatment with L-NAME and OS extract prevented the all injuries without affecting the heart rate or raising blood pressure. Conclusions: The results confirm O. Sanctum leaves extract antihypertensive action and indicate its protective properties in the L-NAME induced hypertension model of rats, likely due to the presence of rich antioxidant potential and by inhibiting the inflammation.