Outsourcing Mechanism Research Articles

Hubungan Kapitalis di Tempat Produksi yang Tersembunyi: Studi Kasus Petani Kakao Sertifikasi di Desa Piriang Tapiko

Abstract: This paper aims to depict the formation of capitalist relations in the hidden abode of production within the cocoa sector in the Village of Piriang Tapiko. The research is based on data collected from field research using an explanatory qualitative method. Employing a Marxist political economy approach, this study reveals that: (1) The presence of cocoa plants has ensnared local farmers in the village of Piriang Tapiko in commodification of subsistence. However, this entanglement does not necessarily subject them to class differentiation, as believed by some Marxist scholars. (2) Despite undergoing commodification of subsistence and full integration into market relations, cocoa farmers in the village of Piriang Tapiko can still access the market freely and control their work processes and its outcomes independently. The fertile forest land shapes their self-reliance in confronting market forces. (3) The plummeting cocoa productivity due to plant diseases has separated them from control over the means of production and their output, ensnaring them in a concealed capitalist relation as unpaid labor through outsourcing mechanisms hierarchically controlled by Nestle in the certified cocoa commodity chain. Ultimately, the formation of capitalist relations in the village of Piriang Tapiko adds a unique dimension to the trajectory of capitalism's development in diverse contexts.

Information security decisions of security‐interdependent firms in the presence of consumer sensitivity

AbstractFirms suffer security‐interdependent risks while applying network technology, causing severe customer churn. This paper studies the security and price decisions of security‐interdependent firms that face security‐sensitivity consumers. We show that one firm's product price increases (decreases) with the other's security efforts under positive (negative) interdependence. Firms can overinvest or underinvest in security due to security interdependence. Two mechanisms are proposed to solve this distortion. In the Reward mechanism, the firms reward (penalize) the other under the positive (negative) interdependence. In the Outsourcing mechanism, the security service providers raise (reduce) the compensations with consumer sensitivity.

Evaluasi Efektivitas Pengendalian Internal pada Aktivitas Outsourcing Pengelolaan Bea Meterai

Stamp duty is the only type of tax that is managed by the Directorate General of Taxes (DJP) through the outsourcing mechanism. Under this mechanism, the management of stamp duty is predominantly carried out by third parties, while the DJP acts as the principal overseeing the process. As previously researched, despite its advantages, the outsourcing mechanism also comes with weaknesses and risks. Therefore, controls are needed to ensure they align with the DJP's intended objectives. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the internal controls implemented by the DJP in the outsourcing activities related to stamp duty management. The study takes the case study form and adopts a qualitative approach, evaluating the components and principles of the 2013 COSO Internal Control Integrated Framework concerning outsourcing activities in stamp duty management. Data collection involves document analysis and interviews with individuals directly involved in stamp duty management. The data is analyzed using maturity levels to determine the effectiveness of each control component and principle. The research results reveal diverse levels of control effectiveness. Among the five control components, only two are at an optimum level, while the others exhibit lower levels of effectiveness in control principles. This study provides recommendations to the DJP for enhancing internal control effectiveness, particularly in the aspects of supervising the internal control system, comprehensively identifying risks, and considering the potential for fraud in risk assessments. This research is expected to contribute academically and serve as a reference for regulators in making decisions related to stamp duty management.

Study on the Joint Outsourcing Mechanism of Carbon Emission Reduction in The Supply Chain Considering Risk Appetite

In the case of considering the risk preference, according to the problem of supply chain carbon emission reduction joint outsourcing, build the enterprise outsourcing, the supply chain, and analyze the suppliers and manufacturers of the outsourcing factors of the decision, finally summarize the research in this paper, for the risk aversion of supply chain enterprise carbon emission reduction joint outsourcing mechanism to provide certain management enlightenment, to the future research.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К СТРАТЕГИЯМ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ РИСКАМИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern approaches to the selection of risk management strategies for an organization. The paper analyzes the use of the risk-taking strategy from the point of view of the inaction of persons responsible for risk management. The organization’s response measures when choosing a risk avoidance strategy are considered in detail. The paper describes a new strategy for risk accumulation as a method that allows the company to effectively interact with stakeholders, thereby maintaining business activity. The advantages and disadvantages of the most common risk reduction strategy and examples of its use in today’s realities are explored. The author consider in detail the strategy of risk transfer through the outsourcing mechanism with an analysis of possible risks associated with the loss of control over business processes.

Certificateless Public Auditing for Cloud-Based Medical Data in Healthcare Industry 4.0

In the context of healthcare 4.0, cloud-based eHealth is a common paradigm, enabling stakeholders to access medical data and interact efficiently. However, it still faces some serious security issues that cannot be ignored. One of the major challenges is the assurance of the integrity of medical data remotely stored in the cloud. To solve this problem, we propose a novel certificateless public auditing for medical data in the cloud (CPAMD), which can achieve efficient batch auditing without complicated certificate management and key escrow. Specifically, in our CPAMD, a new secure certificateless signature method is designed to generate tamper-proof data block tags; a manageable delegated data outsourcing mechanism is presented to reduce the burden of data maintenance on patients and achieve auditability of outsourcing behavior; and a privacy-preserving augmented verification strategy is proposed to provide comprehensive auditing of both medical data and its source information without compromising privacy. We perform formal security analysis and comprehensive performance evaluation for CPAMD. The results demonstrate that the presented scheme can provide better auditing security and more comprehensive auditing capabilities while achieving good performance comparable to state-of-the-art ones.

Diskresi Perekrutan PPNPN (PEGAWAI PEMERINTAH NON PEGAWAI NEGERI) Berdasarkan Surat Menteri PANRB NO. B/185/M.SM.02.03/2022 Tentang Status Kepegawaian Di Instansi Pemerintah Pusat Serta Pemerintah Daerah

This change in regulations regarding employment status creates new dynamics in the implementation of employee recruitment in various government agencies. This creates challenges in maintaining the quality and integrity of the state civil apparatus, along with efforts to increase the professionalism and effectiveness of the bureaucracy. To understand the impact of this change comprehensively, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research that can provide better insight into how the PPNPN recruitment discretion can influence the letter of the Minister of PANRB No. B/185/M.SM.02. 03/2022 concerning Employment Status in Central Government and Regional Government institutions, the contents of which are that honorary employees will completely expire on November 28 2023 and be replaced by PPPK. This regulation means that government officials no longer have discretionary authority to appoint honorary employees or PPNPN. Flexibility of authority for the government to meet the needs of supporting personnel through outsourcing mechanisms. Document Study research method: by reviewing existing related documents. The documentation study approach is research that analyzes the PANRB Minister's Letter and other related policy documents to understand the content, objectives and provisions of the regulations. Data collection through literature and qualitative analysis. The research results show that violations of the PANRB ministerial regulations will be subject to sanctions in accordance with the provisions of the regulations. To meet the shortage of ASN positions or other supporting staff, the leadership proposed the formation of CPNS and PPPK after mapping the positions. The recommendations from this research are the importance of the availability of human resources for civil servants for good public services, and changes in policy regarding the recruitment of honorary employees by the government or leadership.

Outsourcing of Non-core Functions in the Halls of Residence at the University of Cape Coast: Prospects and Challenges

In today’s rapidly evolving global market space with growing consumer needs and fierce competition, outsourcing of services is often seen as a tool organizations use to manage resources and capabilities efficiently to maximize gains and performance. The areas under study were the six traditional halls of residence at the University of Cape Coast: VALCO, Oguaa, Nkrumah, Casley Hayford, Atlantic and Adehye Halls. The approach was purely qualitative with a purposive sampling technique. In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 office bearers in the six halls of residence. The purpose of this study is to assess the prospects and challenges of outsourcing at the University of Cape Coast. Therefore, we examined how outsourcing impacts operational strategy, especially on the goals of operations related to cost reduction, improved quality, flexibility and better service. Our findings show that managers of the students’ Halls of Residence believe that outsourcing has great potential not only for cost reduction but also has an impact on other operational objectives that make outsourcing more strategic. Another finding from the study indicates that outsourcing could significantly affect organizational performance, which empirically corroborates aspects that have only been theoretically analyzed previously. From the study, it is found that outsourcing would only make sense if it exerts a positive influence on the various goals of operations and halls of residence performance. It was recommended that, with the great benefit to be derived from the outsourcing mechanism, it should be kept in mind by the policy implementors that it can be implemented shortly.

Cone photoreceptors transfer damaged mitochondria to Müller glia.

Mitochondria are vital organelles that require sophisticated homeostatic mechanisms for maintenance. Intercellular transfer of damaged mitochondria is a recently identified strategy broadly used to improve cellular health and viability. Here, we investigate mitochondrial homeostasis in the vertebrate cone photoreceptor, the specialized neuron that initiates our daytime and color vision. We find a generalizable response to mitochondrial stress that leads to loss of cristae, displacement of damaged mitochondria from their normal cellular location, initiation of degradation, and transfer to Müller glia cells, a key non-neuronal support cell in the retina. Our findings show transmitophagy from cones to Müller glia as a response to mitochondrial damage. Intercellular transfer of damaged mitochondria represents an outsourcing mechanism that photoreceptors use to support their specialized function.

Industrial platform capitalism

Countering the theses of ‘post-industrial society’, in this article we develop the argument that platform capitalism synthesises the radicalisation and the spread of the logic of industrial production. In our analysis of platform capitalism and the mechanisms of outsourcing, we argue that online platforms provide empirical evidence of the development of the industrial logic of the production of goods (whether products or services, material and/or immaterial, tangible or intangible). They are the tip of the iceberg of an entire productive structure reconfigured by information technologies and neoliberal policies that are shaping an industrial platform capitalism. This process is ongoing, and we observe its tendency to spread the platformisation of work and its forms of exploitation, of labour relations devoid of rights. However, as in every other moment in the history of capitalism, this exploitation meets resistance from workers’ struggles, which exposes perverse facets of platform work.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ И РЕСТРУКТУРИЗАЦИЯ СУБЪЕКТОВ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСТВА В НЕФТЕГАЗОВОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ

This article briefly presents the results of a study of the processes of restructuring of industrial entrepreneurship entities in the oil and gas complex from the point of view of their economic security. The issues of forming restructuring systems of interaction between industry entrepreneurship entities based on outsourcing tools are considered. The processes of shadowization of entrepreneurial activity using the outsourcing mechanism are described.

Methodological approach to evaluation of efficiency of it outsourcing

The aim of the article. When deciding on outsourcing, it is necessary to analyze the financial and organizational costs, without releasing from the analysis area the risks that arise when organizing the outsourcing of IT services. The lack of a full analysis in making this decision can instead of benefit cause significant losses. The purpose of the article is to develop methodological approaches to assessing the economic feasibility and effectiveness of the use of information technology outsourcing in the practice of domestic industrial enterprises. Analyses results. The article examines the existing scientific and methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the use of information technology outsourcing in the production and commercial activities of industrial enterprises. Methodical recommendations for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of the IT outsourcing mechanism are formulated, which allows to determine the result of its implementation and the direction of its further development. Guidelines for deciding on IT outsourcing are proposed, the use of which is part of the decision-making process on the use of outsourcing in the enterprise and involves consistent implementation of measures to identify the business process for outsourcing to improve the quality and efficiency of delegated processes. A graphical comparative method for analyzing the effectiveness of decisions on the use of outsourcing by third-party companies and the practical implementation of the IT function by the company's own forces has been developed. The methodological approach to assessing the effectiveness of outsourcing management information systems in real business enterprises is sufficiently universal, as it takes into account the conceptual principles of outsourcing on the one hand and allows to adapt the structure of efficiency assessment depending on the complexity and cost of technologies used in business. enterprise, goals and scale of outsourcing. Conclusions and directions for further research. The proposed methodological approach allows to assess the economic efficiency of IT outsourcing to a greater extent in terms of economic justification of the management decision to accept services to IT outsourcers or perform them on their own. Graphoanalytical method for evaluating the effectiveness of outsourcing (Fig. 1) does not allow this. Its algorithm uses aggregated economic indicators (total costs, fixed costs, variable costs), the structure of which is not provided in the mechanism of using this method. Based on this, we consider as a direction of further development and research to develop guidelines for detailing these indicators in order to identify their components, to which the outsourcing company needs to pay special attention. Being based on the consideration of outsourcing as a process, the proposed approach has limitations that allow its application to assess the effectiveness of outsourcing only at a time when outsourcing is not yet implemented in practice. Additional research is needed to address this limitation.

Dinamika Pekerja Muda Outsourcing: Kegembiraan dan Kerentanan Menuju Risiko Masa Depan

Working is one of the hopes as well as an achievement for the transitional period of youth. The social, cultural, and economic contexts that are developing rapidly due to globalization and advances in science and technology have made the sphere of work also change. As a result, the outsourcing work system has become the right choice for young people to develop their careers. Using qualitative research methods with a biographical model, several young informants were selected to tell narratives related to their dynamic careers in several industries with an outsourcing system. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations on the activities carried out by these young workers—besides, some secondary data related to the world of work as the primary data support. From the results obtained, youth who work in the industrial sector with an outsourcing mechanism have quite a risk of being vulnerable in the future even though the transition period they are experiencing looks relatively smooth (after taking education directly to work). Their joy in their daily lives as young people seems to be able to encourage them to keep their enthusiasm for work even though the risks that exist in the future are uncertain and winding.

A revocable and outsourced multi-authority attribute-based encryption scheme in fog computing

Fog computing is a revolutionary technology for the next generation to bridge the gap between cloud data centers and end-users. Fog computing is not a counterfeit for cloud computing but a persuasive counterpart. It also accredits by utilizing the network edge while still rendering the possibility to interact with the cloud. Nevertheless, the features of fog computing are encountering several security challenges. The security of end-users and/or fog servers brings a significant dilemma in implementing fog computing. Moreover, in conventional cloud computing, the attribute-based encryption (ABE) technology is not appropriate for end-users due to restricted computing resources, i.e., limited resources, high end-to-end delay, and transmission capability. Hence, the revocation and outsourcing mechanisms become inappropriate between end-users and cloud servers. In this regard, this paper recommends a multi-authority attribute-based encryption (MA-ABE) technique to support revocation and outsource the attributes to fog computation. We present an attribute revocation scheme based on cipher-text attribute-based encryption by introducing the attribute group keys. In this process, the secret keys are dynamically altered and realized the requirement of immediate attribute revocations. Hence, we provide the complete encryption and decryption process for end-users and fog servers based on multi-authority, attribute revocation, and outsourcing computation, while most of the existing scheme lack to incorporate all these parameters. Our scheme also outsources the complicated encryption and decryption tasks to the fog server that significantly improves the overall computation efficiency compared to the state-of-the-art work.

CASO: Cost-Aware Secure Outsourcing of General Computational Problems

Computation outsourcing is an integral part of cloud computing. It enables end-users to outsource their computational tasks to the cloud and utilize the shared cloud resources in a pay-per-use manner. However, once the tasks are outsourced, the end-users will lose control of their data, which may result in severe security issues especially when the data is sensitive. To address this problem, secure outsourcing mechanisms have been proposed to ensure security of the end-users' outsourced data. In this paper, we investigate outsourcing of general computational problems which constitute the mathematical basics for problems emerged from various fields such as engineering and finance. To be specific, we propose affine mapping based schemes for the problem transformation and outsourcing so that the cloud is unable to learn any key information from the transformed problem. Meanwhile, the overhead for the transformation is limited to an acceptable level compared to the computational savings introduced by the outsourcing itself. Furthermore, we develop cost-aware schemes to balance the trade-offs between end-users' various security demands and computational overhead. We also propose a verification scheme to ensure that the end-users will always receive a valid solution from the cloud. Our extensive complexity and security analysis show that our proposed Cost-Aware Secure Outsourcing (CASO) scheme is both practical and effective.

Аутсорсинг как средство сохранения устойчивости деятельности коммерческой организации в условиях экономического кризиса

The article is devoted to the issues of applying the outsourcing mechanism in the activities of commercial organizations in the context of the economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Some statements and judgments of the heads of commercial organizations on this issue are given. The positive and negative aspects of the introduction of outsourcing relations in the activities of companies are shown, the legal nature of the outsourcing agreement is disclosed. Based on the analysis of law enforcement, including judicial practice, some recommendations have been developed for the design of contractual relations related to the provision of services and performance of work by outsourcing. The features of civil liability of the parties to the outsourcing agreement (compensation for losses, recovery of penalties, etc.) are considered separately, and proposals are made to include provisions related to the liability of the parties for improper performance of contractual obligations in the outsourcing agreement.

Economic regulation business of construction organizations

The thesis presents methodological approaches to diagnosis and restructuring the system of economic regulation business processes of construction organizations, aimed to stabilize their economic development. It was suggested a new definition of the term «business process of construction organization» and performed the decomposition of business processes in construction. It was determined main components of management of construction organizations, which allow improving their structure and consolidating all processes with strategically goals. It was improved the outsourcing mechanism to optimize financial processes and flows of subcontract construction organizations under condition of constrains on resources and deadlines on the construction of residential buildings designed and optimal measures of pre-payment. A new approach for the management of financial flows by means of fuzzy sets. Found out typical failings in administration of business processes in «effective» and «ineffective» of construction organizations to restructure their activity. It was conducted determinative factor analysis of profitability of operating activity in construction industry and worked out measures to improve the situation. Worked out the quantitative characteristics of key business processes, which allow defining the size of the advance payment of a customer to optimal level.

The analysis of the impact of business process outsourcing on the profitability of commercial airline in the conditions of a global pandemic

This article provides an economic assessment of the impact of the global pandemic COVID-19 on the economic efficiency of commercial airlines. The dominant role of airlines in the formation of flexible service supply chain and service travel chain has been identified, which increases their customer orientation and competitiveness in the air transportation market, as well as allows them to adapt more quickly to the changing logistics environment. It has been proven that the use of the outsourcing mechanism in combination with the diversification of services provided, allows, on the one hand, to create added consumer value for customers, and on the other - necessitates building complex integration relationships with business partners in service supply chains. Analysis of statistics and experience of leading airlines with different business models in the air transportation market has shown that outsourcing business processes in a global pandemic has allowed carriers to optimize costs according to the volume of work, respond flexibly to changes in consumer demand and better overcome negative impacts external logistics environment.

LIKC: A liberty of encryption and decryption through imploration from K-cloud servers

The technological advancement in the field of IoT and cloud computing along with the use of handheld gadgets generate huge amount of data. To process and share these data with fine-grained access control while maintaining confidentiality using cloud servers is a challenging task. Individuals as well as the organizations apprehend to use public cloud to share their private data due to security issues. Ciphertext-policy-attribute-based-encryption(CPABE) achieves one-to-many encryption with data confidentiality and fine-grained access control. Due to the computational intensive operations of encryption and decryption the performance of CPABE as a solution in resource-constraint environment is not encouraging enough. Some of the existing models use the resources of cloud servers to carry out outsourced computation either with compromised security or with communication-overhead. To reduce the computational time of encryption and decryption we propose a scheme LIKC which incorporates the outsourcing mechanism using a proxy server. With the imploration the computation time get reduced without compromising the security. It also supports attribute-revocation to support flexible data sharing. The proposed model is implemented using python charm crypto. The output reveals that LIKC is able to produce promising results in comparison to the data sharing models for this study.

Features of Using Outsourcing in Hotel and Restaurant Business

Actuality of problem. The relevance of the research is to address urgent issues of the development and implementation of outsourcing areas of the hospitality industry inUkraine, which will improve the competitiveness and economic efficiency of the industry. The purpose of research. Scientific substantiation of expediency of using outsourcing mechanisms in the sphere of hotel and restaurant business. To identify the directions of increasing the competitiveness of hospitality establishments, as well as the features of using outsourcing as a tool for innovative personnel management. Methods . Combine the analysis of the theoretical basis of the concept and the problems of practical use of outsourcing in the hospitality industry. The scientific novelty of the article is to study the European experience of using outsourcing tools in hospitality establishments and to determine the prospects of developing a systematic management approach in the hotel and restaurant business inUkraine. Conclusions. The efficiency of using outsourcing technologies is analyzed. Directions of improvement of information communication for increase of efficiency of use of outsourcing by hospitality industry enterprises are offered, namely electronic resource for search of specialized companies of recruitment for the enterprises of hotel and restaurant business.