Osteopenia Group Research Articles

Nutrient Intake in Postmenopausal Rheumatoid Arthritis Women with Osteoporosis: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Objective. Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the principal comorbidities in women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Proper nutrition for these patients is required not only to improve bone health but to better manage their chronic illness. Thus, our aim was to assess the status of key nutrient intake in postmenopausal RA women with OP. Methods. Using cross-sectional data of 4,933 postmenopausal women in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (K-NHANES IV, V) conducted between 2008 and 2011, we investigated the daily nutrient intake in RA subjects and their bone mineral density (BMD). We examined the association of nutrient intake and BMD after adjusting age, level of education, body mass index, family history, alcohol use, and total calorie intake in the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal BMD group using multivariable linear regression. Results. We included 222 RA women and 320 controls whose BMD and T-score data were available. Low calcium and phosphorous intake were associated with reduced BMD T-scores in postmenopausal RA women. Additionally, β-carotene, potassium, riboflavin, and vitamin C intake were significantly lower in RA women with OP. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed a strong positive association of intake of β-carotene, potassium, riboflavin, and calcium with higher T-scores at the lumbar spine, femur neck, and total hip (all p＜0.0001, respectively). Conclusion. We found insufficient intake of nutrients such as β-carotene, potassium, riboflavin, and vitamin C in Korean postmenopausal RA women with low BMD. Dietary counseling and recommendations are warranted for these subjects to attain better bone health. (J Rheum Dis 2017;24:35-42)

PS 02-08 Elevated Arterial Stiffness is Associated with Early Bone Loss in Healthy Subjects

Objective: Both arterial stiffness and osteoporosis are the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as age-related public health issues. We investigated the relationship between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) for arterial stiffness and bone mineral density (BMD) for osteoporosis in healthy subjects. Design and Method: Participants in this study included 1,727 subjects (mean age: 55 ± 10 years, M:F = 914:813) who underwent routine health check-up between March 2009 and August 2011. We estimated baPWV using an automated oscillometric analyzer and BMD using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and analyzed the gender difference after categorizing the subjects into 3 groups (normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis) according to the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic classification. Results: There was a significant inverse correlation and gender difference between total BMD measured in the femur and right baPWV in both male (r = −0.136, p = 0.001) and female (r = −0.234, p < 0.001), respectively. In subgroup analysis according to the WHO diagnostic classification, there was a significant gender difference of right baPWV in normal (M:F = 1437 ± 203: 1309 ± 182 cm/sec, p < 0.001) and osteopenia group (M:F = 1508 ± 296: 1428 ± 243 cm/sec, p = 0.002), respectively. However, there was no gender difference in the osteoporosis group (1550 ± 316: 1570 ± 327 cm/sec, p = 0.616). After adjusting for age and gender, right baPWV was independently associated with osteopenia (Mvs.F = odds ratio (OR):1.003, 95% confidence interval(CI) 1.002-1.004, p < 0.001 vs. OR:1.003, 95%CI 1.001-1.009, p = 0.029, respectively) and osteoporosis (Mvs.F = OR:1.002, 95%CI 1.001-1.003, p < 0.001 vs. OR:1.005, 95%CI 1.001-1.009, p = 0.010, respectively) in both male and female, respectively. Conclusions: Arterial stiffness is elevated even in the osteopenia. Therefore more specific therapeutic strategies are important for pathophysioloic understanding of vascular damage during early bone loss period.

Incidence Rates of Osteopenia Based on the Appendicular Muscle Mass in the Elderly Korean Males

PURPOSE Bone mineral density (BMD) is known to diminish with aging. Despite numerous studies done on aging females, a limited number of studies have been published to elucidate cause of lowered BMD in elderly males. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship of the appendicular muscle mass to osteopenia in elderly Korean males. METHODS Data for 873 men (60≥age≥79) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011 were included. Bone mineral density results (g/cm2) were used to divide the subjects in to the osteopenia and control groups for comparison of muscle masses of the whole body (WB), upper limb (UL), and lower limb (LL). The muscle masses were further classified into 4 quartiles (Q) to calculate the odd ratios (OR) of osteopenia in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) areas. RESULTS Muscle masses were significantly less in all areas of WB, UL, and LL. The sarcopenia incidence rates increased as the muscle mass decreased in WB, UL, and LL in both LS and FN areas. Fourth Quartiles of WB and LL showed greatest OR of 3.55 and 2.76. Although the muscle mass ratio showed less significance, WB, UL, and LL showed increasing tread of OR, especially in the FN area. CONCLUSIONS The overall increase in muscle mass may reduce the incidence rate of the osteopenia. Moreover, the lower appendicular muscle mass may reduce osteopenia in the lumbar spine and femoral neck in the elderly males. 색인어: 골감소증, ë ¸í™”, 골밀도, 상하지 근육량 Keywords: Osteopenia, Aging, Bone mineral density, Appendicular muscle mass

Relationship between bone mineral density and serum adiponectin in elderly men

Objective To investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and the changes of serum adiponectin (APN) level in elderly men. Methods A total of 240 elderly men was enrolled in this study. Measurement of BMD of lumbar spine with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed. All subjects were divided into three groups (normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis) according to the T value of BMD. Serum APN level was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), meanwhile were recorded as bone turnover markers. Results ⑴ The level of serum APN in osteopenia group was lower than in normal group, the level of serum APN in osteoporosis group was significantly lower than in osteopenia group, while the level of serum APN in osteoporosis group was significantly lower than in normal group (all P<0.05). ⑵ Serum APN was positively correlated with T value of BMD (r=0.475, P<0.01). ⑶ The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis showed serum APN, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, β-isomerized carboxyterminal propeptide (β-CTX), and osteocalcin could enter into the equation. Conclusions Serum APN might play an important role in pathogenesis of osteoporosis in elderly men. Key words: Bone density; Adiponectin/ME

Analysis of total calorie, calcium and protein intake and relationship with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

Abstract Introduction: the adequate intake of nutrients involved in bone metabolism can prevent and even reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Objective: verify the intake of total calories, protein and calcium in women diagnosed with osteopenia and osteoporosis after menopause. Method: a study of 25 women diagnosed with osteopenia (n=17) or osteoporosis (n=8) in the postmenopausal period, who were members of the Prática de Exercícios Físicos na Osteoporose (Practice of Physical Exercise Against Osteoporosis) (PEFO) study group of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (the Federal Technology University of Paraná) (UTFPR). The study was divided into two data collection phases: assessment of body composition and bone mineral density by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and the recording of food consumption over the previous 72 hours by means of a structured interview. Results: there was a difference between the reference values and the average values found for caloric, protein and calcium intake. There were higher values for protein, while calcium intake was low. The osteoporosis group (mean 59.24+80.07, p&lt;0.05) ingested significantly more protein than the osteopenia group (mean 15.14+16.53, p&lt;0.05). The results showed a significant negative correlation between protein intake and hip BMD (r=-0.416, p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: adequate intake of protein should be recognized as a protective factor for osteoporosis and considered by nutritionists, as well as being widely featured in public health campaigns.

Association between Bone Mineral Density and Platelet Indices in Postmenopausal Women

Objective: It was shown that low bone mass is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in early and late menopausal period. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and platelet indices (mean platelet volume [MPV], platelet distribution width [PDW] and platelet count [PC]) in postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively investigated BMD and platelet parameters of the women aged between 55-75 years between January 2012-December 2015 and 311 women meeting study criteria were included in the study. Participants were divided into 3 groups (control, osteopenia, osteoporosis groups) according to BMD parameters. The average values of age, BMD and platelet indices of groups were compared. Potential correlations between platelet indices with age and BMD levels were investigated and the correlation level and direction were investigated when age variable was controlled. Results: Participants in osteopenia and osteoporosis groups had significantly higher OPH values than those in the control group (p=0.002). When age variable controlled, there was a weak and negative correlation between OPH and with lumbar, femoral neck and femur total BMD (r=-0.177, p=0.002; r=-0.160, p=0.005; r=-0.151, p=0.008 respectively). On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between BMD with PC or PDW. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there is a weak and negative correlation between the BMD the MPV. Further studies on osteoporosis and platelet indices, may contribute to better understanding of increased thrombotic risk in postmenopausal period.

Physical Activity Level of Post-menopausal Women with Low Bone Mineral Density.

Introduction Proper physical activity is related to the prevention and the treatment of osteoporosis. Purpose To assess the level of physical activity (PA) in post-menopausal women with low bone mineral density (BMD). Methods This cross-sectional clinical study included 123 post-menopausal women. The inclusion criteria were: age of ≥ 45 years with last menses at least 12 months prior to the initiation of the study, and bone density scan (BDS) values measured over the preceding 12 months. Women with severe osteoarthritis were excluded. Women were allocated into three groups, according to BMD measured by BDS [osteoporosis (OP; 54 women), osteopenia (35 women), and normal bone density (NBD; 35 women)], and compared for general, clinical, and anthropometric data, and for PA level. The latter was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) units. Participants were classified as sedentary, active or very active. Quantitative variables were compared using ANOVA followed by Tukey's test. Associations between qualitative variables were tested by Chi-square (χ2) or Fisher's exact test. In order to check for differences among groups and IPAQ domains, a generalized linear model with Gamma distribution was adjusted for values in METs. Results The OP group differed from the NBD group regarding age (61.8 ± 10.1 and 52.9 ± 5.4 years), percentage of participants with self-declared white ethnicity (43.9 and 28.0%), body mass index (BMI - 25.7 ± 5.4 and 30.9 ± 5.1 kg/m(2)), and time since menopause (15.5 ± 7.5 and 5.8 ± 4.5 years). Smoking rates were higher in the OP (55.6%) and NBD groups (33.3%) than in the osteopenia group (11.1%). Within the OP group, the rate of subjects with sedentary lifestyles was higher (42.6%), and time spent sitting was greater (344.3 ± 204.8 METs) than in the groups with osteopenia (20.0% and 300.9 ± 230.6 METs) and NBD (17.7% and 303.2 ± 187.9 METs). Conclusions The rate of sedentary lifestyles was higher in post-menopausal women with OP than in those with either osteopenia or NBD. In order to change this physical inactivity profile, strategies should be created to address this group of patients.

우리나라 50세 이상 남성의 골감소증·골다공증 유병률과 관련 요인: 2010~2011 국민건강영양조사 자료

ABSTRACT Osteoporosis is a major health problem that can lead to mortality. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis separately and to assess the risk factors associated with osteope-nia/osteoporosis in Korean men aged 50 years and over. A total of 1,136 subjects were analyzed among the participants of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010∼2011 by us-ing SPSS statistics complex samples (windows ver. 23.0). The prevalence rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis were 46.3% and 7.3%, respectively, and the mean ages of both osteopenia and osteoporosis risk groups were significantly higher than that of the normal group. The mean values for lifetime tallest height and bone min-eral density in whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were significantly lower in the risk group(osteopenia/osteoporosis) than in the normal group, whereas the mean values for height, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides of the two groups showed no significant differences. The intakes of energy and carbohydrates were significantly higher in the risk group than in the normal group. The results of multiple logistic regression showed that being underweight and having hypercholesterolemia were significantly related with the prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis, whereas health habits such as smoking and exercise, chronic diseases such as obesity and hypertension, and nutrient intakes were not. These findings sug-gest the need for further studies to examine osteopenia/osteoporosis risk factors and outcomes specificly fo-cused on Korean men.Key words : KNHANES, osteoporosis, over 50 years aged men, prevalence, nutrition

Association of sarcopenia and physical activity with femur bone mineral density in elderly women.

[Purpose]This study examined the association of femur bone mineral density (BMD) with body composition and physical activity in elderly women.[Methods]This was a cross sectional study involving 119 women with mean age of 73.1±5.5 years. Body composition parameters including body mass index (BMI), percent of body fat (%BF), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index and femur BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical activity was assessed by the uniaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days including weekends. Based on femur BMD T-scores, subjects were classified as optimal group, osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group. Based on ASM index, subjects were classified as normal group and sarcopenia group. According to WHO recommendations of physical activity for elderly, the subjects were classified as active group or inactive group. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratio (OR) for osteopenia and osteoporosis.[Results]There were linear decreases for body composition parameters including weight (P=.023), BMI (P=.039), lean mass (P=.032), ASM index (P=.007) and physical activity parameters including daily of step (P<.001), low intensity physical activity (P<.001), moderate intensity physical activity (P=.001) across femur BMD levels. Compared to the normal group (OR=1), the sarcopenia group had a significantly higher OR (OR=4.823; P=.042), and the inactive group had a significantly higher OR (OR=5.478; P=.005) having osteopenia and osteoporosis when compared to the active group (OR=1).[Conclusion]The findings of this study suggested that physical activity along with a healthy nutrition should be promoted as a preventive strategy against osteopenia and osteoporosis in elderly women.

Expression levels of estrogen receptor α mRNA in peripheral blood cells are an independent biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis

BackgroundThe up- and down-regulation of the osteoclastogenesis response depends on the estrogen/estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway. Previous reports have shown that the promoter hypermethylation and gene polymorphism of ERα are risks for menopausal osteoporosis. No previous study has evaluated the expression levels of ERα mRNA in menopausal osteoporosis using human subjects. We hypothesized that ERα mRNA expression may show less resistance to postmenopausal osteoporosis. MethodsIn this study, we enrolled 107 women older than 45years without menstruation and classified them into control, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups depending on their T-scores. The ERα mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells (PBCs) were analyzed via quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR), and estrogen in the serum was detected via ELISA. ResultsERα mRNA levels in PBCs had a negative correlation with age and a positive correlation with estrogen and BAP in the osteopenia and osteoporosis groups, but not in the control group. Additionally, multivariate analysis showed that older age (>55years), and low ERα mRNA levels in PBLs (≦250.39 copies/μg DNA) were associated with an approximately 9.188-, and 31.25-fold risk of osteoporosis. ConclusionWe conclude that ERα mRNA levels in PBLs could be used as an independent risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis. General significanceOur findings suggested that ERα mRNA levels in PBLs may be more important than age and serum estrogen levels.

Relation between phalangeal bone mineral density and radiographic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundMajor reports have suggested that bone mineral density (BMD) is higher in patients with osteoarthritis (OA), while other studies do not agree. Our aim was to examine the cross-sectional association between phalangeal BMD and radiographic knee OA.MethodsA total of 2855 participants were included in this study. Radiographic knee OA was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) Grade ≥ 2 in at least one leg. BMD scans of the middle phalanges of the second, third and fourth digits of the nondominant hand were performed with a compact radiographic absorptiometry system (Alara MetriScan®). A multivariable logistic analysis model was applied to test the relation between phalangeal BMD with radiographic knee OA, the presence of knee osteophytes (OSTs), and knee joint space narrowing (JSN) after adjusting for a number of potential confounding factors.ResultsThe multivariable-adjusted odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals [ORs (95 % CI)] of radiographic knee OA across phalangeal BMDs were 1.08 (95 % CI 0.89–1.32) and 0.62 (95 % CI 0.45–0.86), respectively. The P for trend was 0.09. For the female population, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95 % CI) of radiographic knee OA across phalangeal BMD were 1.01 (95 % CI 0.73–1.37) and 0.58 (95 % CI 0.38 − 0.87), respectively. The P for trend was 0.02. This positive finding, however, did not exist in the male subgroup. There was a significantly lower prevalence of OST in the osteoporosis (OP) group than in the normal group (OR = 0.59, 95 % CI 0.40–0.88; P for trend was 0.01). In contrast, the prevalence of JSN was significantly higher in the osteopenia group (OR = 1.22, 95 % CI 1.00–1.48) and the OP group (OR = 1.35, 95 % CI 1.00–1.84) than in the normal group. The P for trend was 0.02.ConclusionsThis study observed lower odds for the presence of radiographic knee OA and OST in OP patients than in normal subjects. The prevalence of JSN was higher in the osteopenia and OP groups than in normal subjects.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-016-0918-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Influence of Skeletal and Local Bone Density on Dental Implant Stability in Patients with Osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is a major skeletal disease affecting millions of people worldwide. Recent studies claim that patients with osteoporosis do not have a higher risk of early implant failure compared to non-osteoporotic patients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of skeletal osteoporosis and local bone density on initial dental implant stability. Seventy-three patients were recruited and were assigned (based on a Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scan) to either the osteoporosis (Opr), osteopenia (Opn), or control (C) group. Forty nine of the 73 patients received dental implants and had implant stability measured by means of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at implant placement and at prosthetic abutment placement. On the computerized tomography scans, the cortical thickness and the bone density (Hounsfield Units) at the sites of implant placement were measured. At implant placement, primary stability was on average lower in group Opr (63.3 ± 10.3 ISQ) than in group Opn (65.3 ± 7.5 implant stability qutient (ISQ)), and group C (66.7 ± 8.7 ISQ). At abutment placement, a similar trend was observed: group Opr (66.4 ± 9.5 ISQ) scored lower than group Opn (70.7 ± 7.8 ISQ), while the highest average was for group C (72.2 ± 7.2 ISQ). The difference between groups Opr and C was significant. Implant length and diameter did not have a significant effect on implant stability as measured with RFA. A significant correlation was found between local bone density and implant stability for all regions of interest. Implant stability seems to be influenced by both local and skeletal bone densities. The lower stability scores in patient with skeletal osteoporosis reinforce the recommendations that safe protocols and longer healing times could be recommended when treating those patients with dental implants.

The association between bone mineral density, quality of life, quality of sleep and fatigue

Objectives:: This study was undertaken to examine quality of life (QoL), the quality of sleep and fatigue level in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (OP) but without fractures, to assess the associations between these parameters and to compare the results with those for subjects who have osteopenia or normal bone mineral density (BMD).Methods:: In this study, 113 postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) subjects without fractures, 172 subjects with osteopenia and 102 subjects with normal BMD were included. The severity of pain, QoL, quality of sleep and fatigue were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), the QoL Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis (QUALEFFO-41), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Checklist of Individual Strength (CIS) questionnaire.Results:: No statistically significant differences between the three groups were found in terms of VAS and QUALEFFO-41 total scores (p > 0.05). On the other hand, PSQI and CIS total scores were significantly different in the PMO and osteopenia groups (P = 0.015 and 0.007, respectively) compared to the group with normal BMD.Conclusions:: During the follow-up and treatment of women with PMO or osteopenia, QoL, quality of sleep and fatigue should be assessed and incorporated into treatment decisions, even in the absence of fractures.

An evaluation of homocysteine, C-reactive protein, lipid levels, neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio in postmenopausal osteopenic women

Objective: In the present study, the risk coefficients of serum homocysteine (hcy), lipid levels, C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in postmenopausal osteopenic women were determined.Methods: We enrolled 269 patients with postmenopausal women from Hangzhou No.1 Hospital gynecological clinic, who aged 45 to 60 years old and never received menopause hormone therapy. According to the bone mineral density determination results, subjects were divided into normal group (n = 128), osteopenia group (n = 141). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum hcy, CRP and lipid indexes were determined by enzyme chemiluminescence immunoassay.Results: The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of those variables (menopausal age, duration of menopause, LDL, CRP, hcy and NLR) were found significant (p < 0.05). Menopausal age, duration of menopause, LDL, CRP, hcy and NLR variables were found statistically significant in the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROCs).Conclusion: The present study shows that menopause age, duration of menopause, serum LDL, CRP, hcy and NLR levels are risk factors for postmenopausal osteopenic women, which may be used as the indicators of bone loss in postmenopausal women.

Sex- and age group-specific associations between intakes of dairy foods and pulses and bone health in Koreans aged 50 years and older: Based on 2008~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Purpose: This study was performed to examine associations of intakes of milk and dairy products, pulses, and soy foods with bone health in Koreans aged 50 yr and older. Methods: A total of 3,201 men and 3,581 women aged 50 yr and older who participated in the 2008~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were grouped by sex and age groups of 50~64 yr and 65 yr and older. Subjects within each sex and age group were divided into three bone health groups: normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on bone mineral density. Intakes of nutrients and foods derived from 24-hour recall data were compared among three bone health groups. Associations between intake frequencies of foods, including milk, yogurt, tofu, or soy milk, and osteoporosis risk were evaluated based on confounding risk factor-adjusted logistic regression. Results: Calcium intake was in the order of normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in men (p < 0.01) and women (p < 0.05) aged 50~64 yr as well as in men aged 65 yr and older (p < 0.001). In women aged 50~64 yr, intake of milk and dairy products was lower in the osteoporosis group (p < 0.01) as compared with the osteopenia group. Intake of pulses or tofu was not significantly different among bone health groups. Odds ratio (OR) for milk intake frequency (≥ 2 times/week) compared to intake frequency less than 1 time/month was 0.45 (95% CI 0.24~0.85, p for trend = 0.022) in men aged 65 yr and older. The OR for yogurt intake frequency (1 time/month~1 time/week) was 0.47 (95% CI 0.30~0.73, p for trend = 0.019) in women aged 50~64 yr. Intake frequency of tofu or soy milk was not associated with reduced risk of osteoporosis in all groups. Conclusion: Dairy food intake was significantly associated with bone health, and its effect was sex- and age group-specific, whereas soy food intake was not. Dietary intervention to prevent osteoporosis would be effective for women aged 50~64 yr old and for men aged 65 yr and older.

Effects of 12-week exercise training on osteocalcin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations, and insulin resistance in elderly females with osteoporosis.

[Purpose] This study examined the effects of exercise training on bone metabolism markers, inflammatory markers, and physical fitness in patients with osteoporosis from an osteoporosis-related immunological perspective. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-nine elderly female subjects (age, 74.2 ± 3.2 years) were classified into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on the T-score measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The exercise was performed voluntarily by the patients for 1 hour per day, three times per week, for 12 weeks. [Results] The differences between bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and osteocalcin concentrations increased significantly in the osteoporosis group after 12 weeks of exercise and were significantly higher than those in the normal and osteopenia groups. However, the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance score decreased significantly in the osteoporosis group after 12 weeks of exercise. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations tended to decrease in all groups after 12 weeks of exercise and showed an inverse correlation with osteocalcin concentration; however, no statistical significance was observed. [Conclusion] Our findings suggest that an exercise program in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis effectively reduces the risk of osteoporotic fracture and related diseases since it improves bone density and physical fitness and reduces inflammatory marker levels.

Comparison of vertebral and femoral bone mineral density in adult females.

[Purpose] This study assessed vertebral and femoral bone mineral density in adult females. [Subjects and Methods] A total of 314 females in their 40s to 70s were divided into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups and their vertebral and femoral bone mineral densities were compared. [Results] Comparisons of T scores revealed significant differences among measurements of the third lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, Ward’s triangle, and femoral trochanter. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess differences between the vertebral and femoral measurements, and significant differences and positive correlations were observed among third lumbar vertebra, femoral neck, Ward’s triangle, and femur trochanter in the normal group. [Conclusion] Females in the normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups showed significant differences in their third lumbar vertebrae. The lack of significant differences among measurements in the osteoporosis group in this study suggests that patients with osteoporosis require careful and accurate diagnosis.

Correlation research between osteoporosis and left ventricular hypertrophy in older men.

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to correlate between osteoporosis and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in older men.Material and methodsOne hundred and forty-six cases of senile male subjects were selected and divided into a normal bone mineral density group, an osteopenia group, and an osteoporosis group based on bone mineral density (BMD). Detailed history inquiry and clinical examination were used to determine biochemical indicators. Femoral neck BMD and lumbar BMD were determined. Electrocardiography was performed to calculate the left ventricular mass index (LVMI). One-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis were performed.ResultsWith the bone mass reduced, LVMI was gradually increased (p < 0.05), incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy was increased, and there were significant differences (p < 0.05). With LVMI as the dependent variable, multiple linear regression analysis showed that lumbar bone density, body mass index, age and serum creatinine were associated with LVMI independently (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia, LVH rates were much higher than in normal bone mineral density patients. Moreover, there might be a relationship between osteoporosis and LVH.

Evaluation of osteoporosis in jaw bones using cone beam CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in jaw bones due to osteoporosis using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Subjects that had undergone CBCT for various oral conditions and demonstrating clinical findings of osteoporosis were invited to participate in the study. Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed on 90 patients aged over 30 years who underwent CBCT. The study groups were based on DXA results, and included 26 osteoporosis patients (mean age ± standard deviation; 58.52 ± 5.91), 33 osteopenia patients (52.67 ± 8.61) and 31 healthy controls (49.81 ± 10.47). CBCT images of jaw bones were evaluated using radiomorphometric indexes, CT values, histogram analysis (HA) and fractal dimension (FD) analysis. Right and left mandibular radiomorphometric indexes, CT values and HA measurements in osteoporosis patients were significantly lower than measurements in osteopenia patients and control subjects (P ≤ 0.05). Positive correlations were observed between measurements of spine bone mineral density (BMD) and right and left mandibular CT values (P ≤ 0.01) and HA (P ≤ 0.01) measurements. Left maxilla FD measurements in osteoporosis patients were significantly lower than in the control (P ≤ 0.05) and osteopenia (P ≤ 0.05) groups. Osteoporosis caused significant changes in radiomorphometric indexes, CT values, and HA and FD measurements in the jaw bones. (J Oral Sci 58, 185-194, 2016).

Relationship between Heavy Metal Exposure and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adult.

BackgroundExposure to heavy metals from environmental and industrial sources remains a concern of serious public health risk. This study was conducted to analysis the relationship between heavy metal concentrations and bone density.MethodsThis study used data from a nation-based sample of Koreans (n=2,429) from 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We were obtained heavy metals (lead, mercury and cadmium), socioeconomic and demographic factors and bone mineral density (BMD) measured by T-score.ResultsMenopausal women, current smoker or the frequent alcohol drinking, low educational level and low family income were greater in the osteopenia or osteoporosis groups than normal group, and were associated with an increased blood heavy metal concentration levels. The highest quartile group in blood lead had a 1.47 times (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.87) risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis. In case of blood cadmium, the risk for osteopenia or osteoporosis increased 2.1 times (95% CI 1.64-2.68).ConclusionsWe observed a significant association between blood heavy metals (lead and cadmium) levels and low BMD. Our findings suggest that heavy metal exposure may be a risk factor for osteoporosis.