Abstract
[Purpose]This study examined the association of femur bone mineral density (BMD) with body composition and physical activity in elderly women.[Methods]This was a cross sectional study involving 119 women with mean age of 73.1±5.5 years. Body composition parameters including body mass index (BMI), percent of body fat (%BF), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) index and femur BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Physical activity was assessed by the uniaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days including weekends. Based on femur BMD T-scores, subjects were classified as optimal group, osteopenia group, and osteoporosis group. Based on ASM index, subjects were classified as normal group and sarcopenia group. According to WHO recommendations of physical activity for elderly, the subjects were classified as active group or inactive group. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratio (OR) for osteopenia and osteoporosis.[Results]There were linear decreases for body composition parameters including weight (P=.023), BMI (P=.039), lean mass (P=.032), ASM index (P=.007) and physical activity parameters including daily of step (P<.001), low intensity physical activity (P<.001), moderate intensity physical activity (P=.001) across femur BMD levels. Compared to the normal group (OR=1), the sarcopenia group had a significantly higher OR (OR=4.823; P=.042), and the inactive group had a significantly higher OR (OR=5.478; P=.005) having osteopenia and osteoporosis when compared to the active group (OR=1).[Conclusion]The findings of this study suggested that physical activity along with a healthy nutrition should be promoted as a preventive strategy against osteopenia and osteoporosis in elderly women.
Highlights
Aging population is globally progressing due to the decline in birth rate and extension of the average life span
Several recent studies reported that body composition, weight, alcohol consumption, amount of sunshine, nutritive condition, eating habits, and physical activities etc. have a significant effect on the bone mineral density (BMD), and the modifiable lifestyle factors were reported as a main cause of the osteoporosis[6,7]
Comparison of the body composition and obesity indicators according to the BMD levels Table 2 showed the comparison results of the body composition and obesity indicators among groups classified according to the level of the BMD
Summary
Aging population is globally progressing due to the decline in birth rate and extension of the average life span. In Korea, 65 years of age or older of the total population reached 12.7% based on 2014 and is expected to increase by 27.6% in 2034 at the current rate[1] This aging population phenomenon induces a rapid increase in the prevalence of age-related diseases, among which degenerative musculoskeletal diseases including osteoporosis has been recognized as a serious problem over the years. Estrogen deficiency of the postmenopausal women results in an imbalance of the bone resorption and bone formation promoting factors with changes in serum calcium concentration. This can lead to rapid changes in bone metabolism resulting in osteoporosis[5]. Precise biological mechanism of the body weight and bone metabolism remain unknown; weight loss inhibits the regeneration of the bone by reducing the mechanical loading passed to the bone and induces osteopenia by causing hormonal changes[8,9]
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