Orthostatic Position Research Articles

Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on linear and nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability in patients with heart failure.

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-heart failure (HF) coexistence on linear and nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV). Forty-one patients (14 with COPD-HF and 27 HF) were enrolled and underwent pulmonary function and echocardiography evaluation to confirm the clinical diagnosis. Heart rate (HR) and R-R intervals (iRR) were collected during active postural maneuver (APM) [supine (10 min) to orthostasis (10 min)], respiratory sinus arrhythmia maneuver (RSA-M) (4 min), and analysis of frequency domain, time domain, and nonlinear HRV. We found expected autonomic response during orthostatic changes with reduction of mean iRR, root mean square of successive differences between heart beats (RMSSD), RR tri index, and high-frequency [HF (nu)] and an increased mean HR, low-frequency [LF (nu)], and LF/HF (nu) compared with supine only in HF patients (P<0.05). Patients with COPD-HF coexistence did not respond to postural change. In addition, in the orthostatic position, higher HF nu and lower LF nu and LF/HF (nu) were observed in COPD-HF compared with HF patients. HF patients showed an opposite response during RSA-M, with increased sympathetic modulation (LF nu) and reduced parasympathetic modulation (HF nu) (P<0.05) compared with COPD-HF patients. COPD-HF directly influenced cardiac autonomic modulation during active postural change and controlled breathing, demonstrating an autonomic imbalance during sympathetic and parasympathetic maneuvers compared with isolated HF.

Multicomponent exercise training in cardiovascular complexity in prefrail older adults: a randomized blinded clinical pilot study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent training on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and heart rate (HR) complexity of prefrail older adults. Twenty-one prefrail community-dwelling older adults were randomized and divided into multicomponent training intervention group (MulTI) and control group (CG). MulTI performed multicomponent exercise training over 16 weeks and CG was oriented to follow their own daily activities. The RR interval (RRi) and blood pressure (BP) series were recorded for 15 min in supine and 15 min in orthostatic positions, and calculation of BRS (phase, coherence, and gain) and HR complexity (sample entropy) were performed. A linear mixed model was applied for group, assessments, and their interaction effects in supine position. The same test was used to assess the active postural maneuver and it was applied separately to each group considering assessments (baseline and post-intervention) and positions (supine and orthostatic). The significance level established was 5%. Cardiovascular control was impaired in prefrail older adults in supine position. Significant interactions were not observed between groups or assessments in terms of cardiovascular parameters. A 16-week multicomponent exercise training did not improve HR complexity or BRS in supine rest or in active postural maneuver in prefrail older adults.

The Physical Capacity of Rowing Athletes Cannot Reverse the Influence of Age on Heart Rate Variability during Orthostatic Stress.

The current study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the high physical capacity of rowing athletes may not reverse the influence of age on cardiac autonomic control decline estimated by heart rate variability (HRV). Forty-four male subjects divided in four groups: 11 young athletes (YA; 18 ±1 year), 11 young non-athletes (YNA; 20 ±1 year), 11 middle age athletes (MAA; 43 ±6 years) and 11 middle age non-athletes (MNA; 44 ±8 years) participated in the study. Heart rate (HR) was recorded beat-by-beat for 10 minutes in supine (SUP) and 10 min in orthostatic (ORT) positions. HRV was analyzed in the frequency domain to obtain the spectral power in the high (HF) and low frequency (LF) bands, and the changes to ORT (%∆HRV) were calculated (ORT - SUP / SUP). During SUP, HF was lower in MNA and MA compared to YA and YNA, while LF was lower in MNA than YA. For %ΔHRV, %ΔHF was higher in YA than YNA, MA and MNA. The %ΔLF was not different among groups. In conclusion, aging seems to overcome the influence of physical fitness on neural regulation of the heart, as highlighted by the HRV response to active standing.

Association between Cardiac Autonomic Control and Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects postural and cardiac autonomic control. However, since it is unknown whether these changes are associated, the objective of this study was to determine whether such a relationship exists. Twenty-three patients with PD participated. The RR intervals were recorded in different positions and heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed. Postural sway was analyzed based on the center of pressure. No significant differences on HRV indices were induced by postural change. A correlation was found between these indices and postural control, high frequency (HF), and anterior-posterior (AP) root mean square (RMS-AP) (r = 0.422, p = 0.045), low frequency (LF)/HF, and AP mean velocity (r = 0.478, p = 0.021). A correlation was found between HRV induced by postural change and postural control, Δ LF/HF and RMS-AP (r = 0.448, p = 0.032), Δ LF/HF and ellipse area (r = 0.505, p = 0.014), Δ LF/HF and AP mean velocity (r = −0.531; p = 0.009), and Δ LF and AP mean velocity (r = −0.424, p = 0.044). There is an association between the autonomic and postural systems, such that PD patients with blunted cardiac autonomic function in both the supine and orthostatic positions have worse postural control.

Irrational use of alendronate sodium by the elderly

Introduction: The effectiveness and safety of alendronate sodium are dependent on patient adherence to very specific guidelines regarding use. This study aims to estimate the rational use of alendronate sodium in the elderly. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with a structured questionnaire containing form of use and occurrence of adverse events related to alendronate sodium. The patients were recruited in their own homes. Rational use was considered as being the participants who: a) took the tablet in the morning; b) were fasting; c) waited at least 30 minutes before eating; d) ingested with a full glass of water; e) ingested the whole tablet; f) and remained in the orthostatic position for at least 30 minutes after use. Additionally, the odds ratio (OR) was used to analyze the association between the irrational use of alendronate sodium and the independent variables. Results and Discussion: Of the 248 participants in the study, most of the participants administered the medication in the morning (95.2%), with fasting (89.1%), waited at least 30 minutes to eat the first meal of the day (87.9%), and were in the orthostatic position until the time of the first meal (78.6%), but less than half ingested the tablet with a full glass of water (43.6%). Rational use of the medication was observed in only 30.7% of the participants. Regarding possible adverse events, 13.3% of the participants reported some event. Among the most prevalent were dry cough (6.5%), stomach pain (5.2%) and some throat discomfort (4.8%). The irrational use of this medication is associated with age and education level. Conclusion: The prevalence of irrational use of alendronate sodium in the elderly is high, and this use is associated with patients’ sociodemographic factors.

Mechanisms and management of gastrointestinal symptoms in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a disorder of orthostatic intolerance associated with many GI manifestations that can be broadly classified into two different categories: those present all the time (non-positional) and those that occur with orthostatic position change. There are also many conditions that can co-exist with POTS such as mast cell activation syndrome and the hypermobile form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) that are also oftentimes associated with GI symptoms. In the current issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Tai et al. explored the relationship between functional GI disorders among hEDS patients with and without concomitant POTS and showed that the hEDS-POTS cohort was more likely to have more than one GI organ involved compared to the cohort with hEDS alone, and certain GI symptoms were also more common in the hEDS-POTS cohort. In this review article, we will briefly review the literature surrounding putative mechanisms responsible for GI symptoms in POTS with an emphasis on the contributory role of concomitant hEDS and then discuss management strategies for GI symptoms in POTS.

Cerebral hemodynamics in patients with arterial hypertension of the older age groups with orthostatic hypotensive reactions

Abstract Objective To study cerebrovascular autoregulation in pts with arterial hypertension (AH) with orthostatic hypotensive reactions (OHR) during an active orthostatic test (AOT). 50 pts with AH (40 g, 10 m), 68.5±5.3 years, I-III gr. were examined. Blood pressure monitoring (BPM) by “BP Lab”, Russia. AOT was performed with continuous measurement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the digital artery (“Task Force Monitor”, “CNSystems” Austria). The criteria for the OHR were evaluated according to guidelines ESC, 2018. Cerebral hemodynamics in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) was monitored during the AOT (Angiodin-2K (BIOSS company, Russia), using a transcranial sensor with a freq. of 2 MHz. In the MCA, systolic (Vs), diastolic (Vd), average cerebral blood flow velocity (Vm), pulsation index (Pi), and vascular resistance index (Ri), the difference ΔVm30s,% and ΔVm30s, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney method using Statistica 6.0 Results In 17 (34%) pts with AH, OHR was detected. BP in pts with OHR compared with pts without OHR (mmHg), SBP: 131.7±12.2 vs 131.3±13.8, p&amp;gt;0.05; DBP 74.3±11.8 vs 75.3±8.9, p&amp;gt;0.05). In AOT in pts with OHR, the Vm in the orthostasis significantly decreased compared to pts without OHR, both in the first 30 s. and at 3 min. (Tabl.1). Conclusions In pts with AH of older age groups with OHR, in comparison with the same category of pts without OHR, there is a change in cerebral autoregulation in the form of a more pronounced decrease in cerebral blood flow velocity in MCA in the orthostatic position. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Heart rate response to orthostatic challenge in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease.

To elucidate the differences in autonomic dysfunction between dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease using a simple and convenient method, we investigated the heart rate response to orthostatic challenge. Ninety-seven people participated in this cross-sectional study, and data from 26 DLB patients, 29 Alzheimer's disease patients, and 25 healthy elderly individuals were analysed. Participants underwent postural changes, including 5 min in a supine position, 1 min in a sitting position, and 3 min in an orthostatic position. Their heart rates were continuously recorded. Two heart rate variables were analysed as main outcomes: (i) the difference between heart rate in the sitting position and the peak heart rate within 15 s of orthostasis, defined as the 'early heart rate increase'; and (ii) the difference between the peak heart rate and the negative peak heart rate after this, defined as 'early heart rate recovery.' An early heart rate increase has been considered to reflect parasympathetic and sympathetic functions. Early heart rate recovery is considered to reflect parasympathetic function. We also investigated the frequency domains of resting heart rate variability. A significant difference was observed across the three groups in early heart rate increase, and that of the DLB group was lower than that of the healthy control group. Early heart rate recovery also differed significantly across the three groups, and that of the DLB group was less than that of the healthy control group. In addition, the power of the low-frequency component, which represents both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, was significantly decreased in the DLB group compared to the Alzheimer's disease group. Impaired heart rate response to standing was detected in patients with DLB. Electrocardiogram is a convenient, non-invasive method that might be useful as a subsidiary marker for DLB diagnosis and differentiation from Alzheimer's disease.

Possibilities of Laser-Doppler Flowmetry in assessment of functional state of microcirculation

Aim . In the present study we evaluate the amplitude-frequency spectrum patterns of the relatively healthy individuals using the laser Doppler flowmetry with simultaneous registration of micro-flow in five points and application of orthostatic sample. Materials and methods . 144 healthy volunteers (69 women, 45 men) from 18 to 40 years old (the average age is 26±6) in a good physical condition were included in the exploration. The mobile flowmeters LAZMA-PF (Russia) was used to record blood flow. All patients were carried out by laser Doppler flowmetry with the use of orthostatic test. Measurements were recorded at the same time in five points (medial overhead areas, inner surface of forearms, overhead area). Results . We observed typical patterns of amplitude-frequency spectrum in the regions of arcs of aorta and upper hollow vein, as well as descending aorta and lower hollow vein. The changes are due to the body position alteration. By the monitoring blood flow in the upper extremity and the supercilium regions the spectral harmonic of the myogenic range (0.047–0.145Hz) dominated in the clinostatic position and the harmonic of the neurogenic range (0.02–0.046 Hz) was less noticed. In the signal spectrum obtained from the lower limbs the harmonic of the neurogenic range (0.02–0.046 Hz) dominated and the harmonic of the myogenic range (0.047–0.145Hz) was less noticed. In the orthostatic position in the region of upper extremities and supercilium, the harmonic amplitude of the neurogenic range increased regarding to the amplitude of the myogenic spectrum, and in the region of lower extremities, the harmonic amplitude of the myogenic range increased regarding to the amplitude of the neurogenic range. Conclusions . Using of the several sensors in the different body parts by the same time is improving the technique relevance. The healthy volunteers showed the typical patterns of slow wave part of ACS in the upper and lower parts of the body in clinostatic and orthostatic positions. The body position changing is reversing the patterns in the upper and lower body parts. Getting the postural test allows to assess the integrity of regulation mechanisms of microcirculation. The method used and the results need further investigation to determine the possibility to detect the functional and pathological changes, as well as compensatory possibilities of microcirculation in normal and in pathology.

Pseudotumor cerebri secondary to secondary hypoparathyroidism and association to Fahr´s Syndrome: a case report

Introduction&#x0D; Headaches are extremely common complications in emergency departments, accounting for up to 16% of visits, according to some studies and are observed in almost all patients with Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH), which is characterized by signs and symptoms that include, in addition to headache, nausea, vomiting, diplopia, decreased visual acuity, pulsatile tinnitus, back and neck pain, among other possible manifestations. However, the clinical presentation is highly variable, which can delay diagnosis.&#x0D; Case report&#x0D; A.T.F, female, 33 years old, BMI 40.17 kg / m², with grade 3 obesity, caucasian, single, with Down Syndrome. Presents a history of post-surgical hypothyroidism, whose thyroidectomy was performed 10 years ago, due to nodular goiter. This patient presented subacute nausea, visual turbidity, diarrhea and pulsatile holocranial headache, which worsened in the horizontal position and presented slight relief in the orthostatic position.&#x0D; Conclusion&#x0D; The conduct of Fahrs Syndrome, in this case, was focused on the treatment of hypoparathyroidism and which consists of correcting metabolism disorders of phosphorus and calcium, which naturally resulted in clinical and radiological improvement, however, without definitive resolution of the condition.

The use of baropodometric analysis in musculoskeletal disorders of dentists working in orthostatic posture - a series of 3 cases.

IntroductionMusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by incorrect working posture among dentists is a serious issue and one that leads to decreased productivity and quality of life.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MSDs caused by postural errors in dental healthcare professionals on the body’s center of gravity through a new and innovative technique – baropodometry.MethodsIn this study we included 3 oral healthcare specialists with over 20 years experience of practicing in orthostatism, with confirmed work-related MSDs, and performed a baropodometric analysis on them.ResultsAccording to the analysis, all 3 test subjects had alterations of the body’s center of gravity, with uneven distribution of pressures on the feet being recorded by the baropodometer.ConclusionIn an effort to maintain a good field of view and workplace in orthostatism, the subject is forced to adopt an non-ergonomic position that leads to uneven weight distribution, shifted center of gravity that eventually cause musculoskeletal disorders.

Thermal Variations in Osteoporosis After Aclasta® Administration: Case Study

Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by an imbalance between bone formation and resorption, that results in an increasing risk of fracture. The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the thermal pattern of a 50-year-old female patient after intravenous infusion of zaledronic acid Aclasta® in the treatment of osteoporosis. Thermal images were acquired in orthostatic position of the dorsal region between the lumbar and sacral portions using a FLIR® T530 camera with a thermal sensitivity (NETD) &amp;lt; 30 mK and the sensor array size of 320 x 240 pixels, with an accuracy of ±2% of the reading. The image analysis was performed using the Flir Tools® 6.4 software in order to identify the minimum, average and maximum temperature values in the region of interest; and MATLAB® 2017a software to extract histograms from images. The results present a good agreement between the temperature measurements and the painful symptomatology of the sacroiliac region of the vertebral column affected by the disease. Thermography might be a promising method for monitoring bone healing process.

Physiological Predictors of Maximal Incremental Running Performance.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to verify whether physiological components [vertical jumps (Squat Jump – SJ and Countermovement Jump – CMJ), eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) of vertical jumps, running economy (RE), metabolic cost (CMET), first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 and VT2) maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX)] can predict maximal endurance running performance.MethodsTwenty male runners performed maximal vertical jumps, submaximal running at constant speeds, and maximal incremental running test. Before, we measured anthropometric parameters (body mass and height) and registered the training history and volume. SJ and CMJ tests were evaluated prior to running tests. Initially, the oxygen uptake (VO2) was collected at rest in the orthostatic position for 6 min. Soon after, a 10-min warm-up was performed on the treadmill at 10 km⋅h–1, followed by two 5-min treadmill rectangular tests at 12 and 16 km⋅h–1 monitored by a gas analyzer. After that, the runners performed a maximal incremental test, where the VT1, VT2, and VO2MAX were evaluated, as well as the maximum running speed (vVO2MAX). Thus, RE and CMET were calculated with data obtained during rectangular running tests. Multivariate stepwise regression analyses were conducted to measure the relationship between independent variables (height and power of SJ and CMJ, EUR; RE and CMET 12 and 16 km⋅h–1; VT1, VT2, and VO2MAX), as predictors of maximal running performance (vVO2MAX), with significance level at α = 0.05.ResultsWe found that VO2MAX and RE at 16 km⋅h–1 predict 81% of performance (vVO2MAX) of endurance runners (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe main predictors of the maximal incremental running test performance were VO2MAX and RE.

Inspiratory muscles contributions to postural control in healthy older women

It was hypothesized that induced inspiratory muscles effort, by an acute inspiratory resistance load (IRL) use, increases the postural sway and the neuromuscular activity of postural muscles in older adults. Fifteen older women breathed spontaneously, controlled (15 cycles/minute), and with acute IRL (15 cycles/minute and target load of 30 % of maximal inspiratory pressure) in random order. The breathing tasks were performed in an orthostatic position (eyes closed) during one minute on a baropodometer plate to acquire center-of-pressure (COP) oscillations and with electromyography (EMG) recording. The root mean square (RMS) of EMG was calculated. COP oscillations were higher with IRL use than spontaneous and controlled breathing tasks, but not between spontaneous and controlled conditions. EMG activity of Tibialis anterior and Soleus muscles were higher with IRL use in comparison to spontaneous and controlled breathing conditions. In conclusion, IRL use influenced the postural control through increased postural sway and neuromuscular compensation of the lower limbs in older women.

Lateralities and asymmetries of the orthostatic posture

Man’s body has a large number of asymmetries, some are in relation with regulation of the tonic postural activity, we generally namethem asymmetries of the orthostatic posture and others are in relation with phenomena of cortical lateralization, we sometimes namethem gestural asymmetries. The correlation between these two types of asymmetries is a controversial subject. And actually this studypresents facts that are incoherent: either the correlation is very strong or very low between these two types of corporal asymmetries.A possible signification of these inconsistencies is discussed which seems to highlight the role of the vision.

Are the asymmetries of the orthostatic posture random?

Three posture asymmetries and their connections were assessed by a statistical study as rigorous as possible on the subjects of a sample from a population considered as normal after negative criteria. The comparison of probabilities observed with random probabilities shows that there is less than one chance in a thousand to make an error by rejecting the hypothesis that the asymmetries of the orthostatic posture are random. The definition of the limits of these asymmetries thus fits in the search for the conditions of a clinical examination of the posture.

Heart Rate Variability On Older Adults With Intellectual Disability: A Cross-sectional Study

PURPOSE: There is a deficit on autonomic nervous system regulation in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). However, the cardiac autonomic modulation during exercise in older adults with intellectual disability (ID) without DS is not enough described. AIM: To evaluate and compare the heart rate variability (HRV) during the six-minutes walk test (6MWT) in older adults with and without ID. METHODS: Seventeen participants with low-moderate ID non DS and 25 participants without ID were recruited. The HRV was assessed by R-R intervals on rest (10 minutes before the test), during the 6MWT and on recovery (10 minutes after the test), in orthostatic position by a Polar RS800X heart rate monitor. The symbolic analysis was used to evaluate nonlinear HRV components, and 0V% and 2UV% variations were considered as sympathetic and vagal modulation parameters, respectively. Two-way Anova was used to compare HRV parameters between the groups on rest, 6MWT and recovery. RESULTS: Only the group without ID showed a significant increase of 0V% values (p=0.003), and a decreased 2UV% (p=0.003), as expected. Both groups showed a significant reduction in RRi mean (p=0.006). Distance walk on 6MWT was significant higher in the group without ID (536 m vs. 452 m (p=0.001) CONCLUSION: participants with ID did not present cardiac autonomic modulation responses during the exercise, and show a worse performance in 6MWT. Thus, future studies are needed to elucidate the autonomic cardiac control during exercise in seniors with ID, and assist on prescription of appropriate intervention for this population. Funding sources: MINECO (DEP2017-86862-C2-1-R); Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament d’Empresa i Coneixement (2019 FI_B 00893); Ministerio de Ciência e Tecnologia de Brasil (PDSE/CAPES 88881.189815/2018-01).Table 1:: Heart rate variability on older adults with and without ID

Orthostatic Hemodynamic Changes in Brain Damage

Aim: to study orthostatic hemodynamic changes in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness after critical brain damage.Materials and methods. We studied 30 patients (10 women and 20 men) with chronic disorders of consciousness after severe brain damage aged 45±7 years, 10 of which were in the vegetative state (VS) and 20 had the minimally conscious state (MCS). The main causes of brain damage were traumatic brain injury (53% of patients) and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) (23.3%). The rest of the patients had posthypoxic encephalopathy or were after brain tumor removal surgery. Passive orthostatic test (POT) 0° to 60° to 0° was performed using an electrically driven tilt table (Vario Line). Hemodynamic monitoring during the verticalization was done using a non-invasive oscillometric recording of blood pressure on the brachial artery, stroke volume (SV) and cardiac minute output (CMO) were measured by impedance cardiography with the multifunctional «Task Force Monitor 3010i» (CNSystem, Austria). Data were statistically analyzed using the Statistica 10 software package.Results. Orthostatic hemodynamic stability was found in 26 out of 30 patients with chronic disorders of consciousness after critical brain damage. It was manifested by stable systolic blood pressure (SBP) in tilted orthostatic and horizontal position (120.7±2.2 and 121.1±3.6 mmHg, respectively, P&gt;0.05). Orthostatic hypotension was observed in 3 patients and postural tachycardia syndrome (PTS) in one patient. We compared orthostatic hemodynamic changes in the studied cohort versus published data on orthostatic hemodynamic changes uncluding POT revealed in patients with severe brain damage examined before and after brain death.Conclusion. Orthostatic stability of blood circulation can be maintained for a short period of time in patients surviving after critical diffuse brain damage associated with chronic disorders of consciousness. Critical brain damage resulting in brain death associates with a significant reduction of all hemodynamic parameters and severe orthostatic hypotension with restoration of initial blood pressure values when the patient is returned to the horizontal position.

Monitoring Stress–Recovery Balance with Heart Rate Variability and Perceptual Load Markers During a Competitive Micro-cycle in Elite Ski Mountaineers

Ski mountaineering is held at moderate altitude and harsh atmospheric conditions. Acute hypoxia increases sympathetic activity. However, this specific autonomic modulation, combined with very-high-intensity exercise, has not been studied. We aimed to investigate the effects of a competitive micro-cycle on heart rate variability (HRV). Nine male (23.0 ± 1.5 years) and four female (23.5 ± 1.3 years) elite ski mountaineers participated in the Spanish Championships, composed by sprint, individual and vertical races. RR intervals were recorded every morning in supine (8 min) and orthostatic (6 min) positions before, during, and after the Championships. HRV time-domain, frequency-domain, and non-linear indices were calculated using 5-min windows. Total score of fatigue (TSF), session rate of perceived exertion (s-RPE), and individual racing performances were assessed. Lower supine mean RR in the vertical race evidenced HRV imbalance (P = 0.032), whereas decreased supine LF spectral power showed vagal tone recovery within a 24-h interval (P = 0.013). A parasympathetic rebound was also revealed by the mean RR 48 h after the vertical race (P = 0.017). Performance correlated positively with supine mean HR (P = 0.013), and inversely with the standing-supine difference of heart rate (HRor-su) (P = 0.005). TSF was related positively with overall performance (P = 0.015), and negatively with supine mean RR (P = 0.036). Intense exercise at moderate altitude exacerbates the physiological stress leading to parasympathetic withdrawal and increased sympathetic activity that can be restored after 24–48-h recovery. HRV analysis and perceptual measurements can be valuable in monitoring stress–recovery balance during multi-race events.

Estudo da assimetria corporal em praticantes de artes marciais através da baropodometria eletrônica

Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar e comparar os resultados das assimetrias, entre atletas de Jiu-jitsu e Muay-thai por médio da baropodometria.&#x0D; Método: Participaram deste estudo 15 atletas de Muay-thai, idade 29.4±6.3 anos, experiência no esporte 8.5±4.0 anos, massa corporal 77.8±12.5 Kg, altura 178.2±8.6 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 11.2±4.9 e 16 atletas de Jiu-jitsu, idade 32.2±4.5 anos, experiência no esporte 6.3±3.4 anos, massa corporal 80±9.6 kg, altura 176±5.2 cm e percentual de gordura corporal 10.5±2.1. A presente investigação realizou medidas da pressão dos pés numa plataforma Tekscan® versão 5.1, com os indivíduos na posição ortostática. Foram analisados o percentual de força, pico de força e força de pressão plantar. Para analise estatística foi aplicado o T Students para mostras independentes e para medir o nível de significância foi utilizado o Effect Size.&#x0D; Resultados: Os atletas de ambas modalidades apresentaram valores médios semelhantes na avaliação por baropodometria apresentando diferenças significativas entre lado direito e lado esquerdo, com valores maiores no percentual de força, sendo o maior Effect Size no Muay-thai.&#x0D; Conclusão: A assimetria bilateral ocorreu entre os dois tipos de lutas, entretanto, com mais ênfase no grupo referente ao grupo Muay-thai, devido possivelmente ao uso constante de golpes com os pés tanto com o pé esquerdo, quanto o direito.