Abstract
PurposeThe aim of this study was to verify whether physiological components [vertical jumps (Squat Jump – SJ and Countermovement Jump – CMJ), eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) of vertical jumps, running economy (RE), metabolic cost (CMET), first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 and VT2) maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX)] can predict maximal endurance running performance.MethodsTwenty male runners performed maximal vertical jumps, submaximal running at constant speeds, and maximal incremental running test. Before, we measured anthropometric parameters (body mass and height) and registered the training history and volume. SJ and CMJ tests were evaluated prior to running tests. Initially, the oxygen uptake (VO2) was collected at rest in the orthostatic position for 6 min. Soon after, a 10-min warm-up was performed on the treadmill at 10 km⋅h–1, followed by two 5-min treadmill rectangular tests at 12 and 16 km⋅h–1 monitored by a gas analyzer. After that, the runners performed a maximal incremental test, where the VT1, VT2, and VO2MAX were evaluated, as well as the maximum running speed (vVO2MAX). Thus, RE and CMET were calculated with data obtained during rectangular running tests. Multivariate stepwise regression analyses were conducted to measure the relationship between independent variables (height and power of SJ and CMJ, EUR; RE and CMET 12 and 16 km⋅h–1; VT1, VT2, and VO2MAX), as predictors of maximal running performance (vVO2MAX), with significance level at α = 0.05.ResultsWe found that VO2MAX and RE at 16 km⋅h–1 predict 81% of performance (vVO2MAX) of endurance runners (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe main predictors of the maximal incremental running test performance were VO2MAX and RE.
Highlights
Improvements of endurance running performance are based on improvements of the physiological predictors such as the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX), running economy (RE) and metabolic thresholds (McLaughlin et al, 2010)
Our goal was to verify the relationship between physiological parameters [VO2MAX, first and second ventilatory threshold (VT1 and VT2), RE, CMET and height and power of vertical jumps (SJ and countermovement jump (CMJ)) and eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) of vertical jumps] on prediction of maximal incremental running performance
The relationship between VO2MAX and running performance was similar to other studies using well-trained runners, confirming its importance as a physiological variable linked to distance running performance (Costill et al, 1973; Noakes et al, 1990; McLaughlin et al, 2010)
Summary
Improvements of endurance running performance are based on improvements of the physiological predictors such as the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2MAX), running economy (RE) and metabolic thresholds (McLaughlin et al, 2010). VO2MAX has an important relationship with endurance running performance (McLaughlin et al, 2010). Metabolic effectiveness refers to the utilization of available energy to provide optimal performance, whereas cardiopulmonary efficiency to least work output for the processes related to oxygen transport and utilization (Daniels, 1985; Saunders et al, 2004; Peyre-Tartaruga and Coertjens, 2018). RE is an important physiological determinant for the endurance performance (Daniels, 1985; Kipp et al, 2019). Improvements in RE allow athletes to run at a faster velocity for the same oxygen uptake (VO2) and achieve superior performances (Hoogkamer et al, 2016, 2017). ∼1% improvements in RE should directly translate to ∼1% faster running 3000 m of running (Hoogkamer et al, 2016)
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