Organs Of Laboratory Animals Research Articles

Effect of succinic acid on the organism of mice and their intestinal microbiota against the background of excessive fat consumption

Succinic acid and its salts (succinates) positively affect the oxygenation of the internal environment, stabilize the structure and functional activity of mitochondria, and normalize the ion metabolism in the cell. Separate clinical studies and experimental surveys confirmed that having low toxicity succinic acid has well-manifested antioxidant, immunostimulating, adaptogenic properties. In this study, we determined the influence of succinic acid on the organism of laboratory animals against the backround of high-fat diet: the changes in body weight, indices of the mass of the internal organs, blood parameters and the changes in the intestinal microbiota were determined. For the experiment, we formed three experimental and three control groups of male white mice. The animals of the control group received 0.5% solution of succinic acid instead of water. In the experiment, we determined that succinic acid has no effect on the intensity of growth of weight of young mice against the background of excessive fat in their diet. Excessive consumption of fat by male mice leads to mainly disorders in the functioning of the liver, excretory and the immune systems. High-fat diet of mice is accompanied by impaired hepatic function, manifested in sharp hypoproteinemia due to globulins, increase in the activity of hepatic enzymes against the background of reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase, increase in the level of bilirubin, and decrease in glucose. Excess of fat in the diet leads to malfunctioning of the excretory system, manifested in the reduced index of kidneys’ weight, high content of creatinine and reduced level of urea in the blood. Addition of succinic acid has a positive effect on the functional condition of the liver and the kidneys, especially noticeable during long-term intake. High-fat diet causes disorders in the functioning of the organs of blood circulation and immune protection, accompanied by decrease in the relative mass of the thymus and spleen, low content of hemoglobin and the number of erythrocytes, but has no significant effect on the content of other cellular elements in the blood. By the middle of the experiment, succinic acid had exacerbated these processes compared to the control, but by the end of the experiment, by contrast, these processes were alleviated. Addition of the succinic acid to high-fat diet contributed to the change in the quantitative composition of the main representatives of the obligatory microbiota (Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp. and typical Escherichia coli) in the laboratory animals. Such changes in the intestinal microbiota may lead to such consequences as reproduction of the facultative microflora, and, thus, development of various diseases.

Методика вскрытия и извлечения органов лабораторных животных. Сообщение 6: карликовые свиньи

Методика вскрытия и извлечения органов лабораторных животных. Сообщение 6: карликовые свиньи

Effect of alcohol tincture of Aralia elata on the organism of rats and their gut microbiota against the background of excessive fat diet

Pharmacological effects of the medicinal plant Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. 1868 (Araliaceae) are related to presence of over 150 secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, sterols, polysaccharides, terpenoid saponins and terpenoid acids, though the main biologically active substances of A. elata are saponins and flavonoids. Some clinical tests and experimental studies have proved the influence of A. elata on the organism through increase in physical work capacity, exerting an anti-stress effect against a broad range of harmful factors, including stress from cold, immobilization, ultraviolet radiation and low pressure. The literature also reports the anti-ulcer, anti-secretory, antifungal, anti-tumour, and antimicrobial activity of preparations from this plant. In our laboratory experiment, we determined that ethanolic tincture of A. elata has no effect on the intensity of growth of body weight of young rats against the background of excessive content of fat in their diet. Excessive fat-feeding of male rats leads mostly to disorders in the functioning of the liver and development of steatosis. This was accompanied by reduction in relative mass of the liver, increase in activity of hepatic enzymes, dysproteinemia, increase in the level of bilirubin and decrease in the level of urea. Additional use of 0.1% ethanol led to impaired functioning of the kidneys, reduction of their relative mass, signs of dehydration, increase in the level of creatinine and total calcium in the blood. Use of ethanolic tincture of A. elata mitigates negative excess of fat, is accompanied by normalization of indices of mass of the organs, less notable dysproteinemia, impairment in the level of creatinine, glucose, urea, cholesterol, bilirubin and total calcium. Ethanolic tincture of A. elata has a low immunosuppressive action, against the background of a high fat diet it leads to increase in the amount of typical Escherichia сoli, decrease in Еnterococcus spp. and Enterobacter spp., significant decrease and in high concentrations (0.1% ethanolic tincture of A. elata) elimination of bacteria of Clostridium and Klebsiella genera, and also various yeast fungi in the intestine. In the examined male rats, against the background of excess of fat in the diet, no serious changes in the composition of the normal gut microbiota (Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., Proteus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Candida spp.) was observed, nor were any lactose-negative enterobacteria (Citrobacter genus) found. Perspectives of further research include determining histological, histochemical and immune-histological changes in the organs of laboratory animals under the effect of ethanolic tincture of A. elata following excessive accumulation of fat.

Effect of t-ZrO2-Based Ceramic Samples on the Condition of Muscular and Connecting Tissues in Experimental Animals with Intramuscular Introduction

A highly dispersed powder (9–10 nm) based on a tetragonal solid solution of partially stabilized zirconia (t-ZrO2) was synthesized by coprecipitation of hydroxides from salt solutions. On the basis of this powder, nanocrystalline ceramic (grain size 60–70 nm) with high physicochemical and mechanical characteristics was obtained: degree of tetragonality c/a, 1.438–1.431; flexural strength, 900–1000 MPa; Vickers hardness, 13–14 GPa; crack resistance, 10–11 MPa m1/2. The ceramic implant obtained was placed into bodies of experimental animals. The response of soft tissues of experimental animals to the introduction of zirconia-based ceramic plates was investigated. The studies showed no toxic effect of the t-ZrO2-based ceramic implant on the tissues surrounding the implant and the organism of laboratory animals in the period from 30 to 195 days from the moment of implantation. The results of in vivo studies suggest that the obtained nanoscale bioceramic can be used in restorative dentistry and endoprosthetics as dental implants, endoprostheses, and bone fragments for transplantology.

Методика вскрытия и извлечения органов лабораторных животных. Сообщение 5: кролик, хорек

Методика вскрытия и извлечения органов лабораторных животных. Сообщение 5: кролик, хорек

Методика вскрытия и извлечения органов лабораторных животных. Сообщение 4: морская свинка, песчанка, дегу

Методика вскрытия и извлечения органов лабораторных животных. Сообщение 4: морская свинка, песчанка, дегу

EXPLORATORY STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF WIRELESS EQUIPMENT ON THE BODY OF LABORATORY ANIMALS

Тhe article presents results of exploratory research on the assessment of the impact of Wi-Fi equipment on the organism of laboratory animals. The study was executed in a specially equipped semi-anechoic chambers, to eliminate the influence of other sources, which can have a direct or indirect impact on animals. As a source of EMR there was used the router for wireless access to the Internet (brand: ZyXEL KeeneticExtra). Laboratory animals (20 white male mice), and control group (20 animals)were placed at a distance of 0.5 m and 1 m from the EMR source in a room without EMR source. Weekly every laboratory animal performed tests on the assessment of behavioral reactions, depression and working memory using the test «open field», «T-maze», «forced swimming». After 36-days round-the-clock exposure in animals there was a decrease in indices of horizontal and vertical locomotor activity, the development of the depressive state on the 25th day of the study.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX MIXTURES OF CHEMICAL AIR POLLUTANTS ON BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGICAL, GONADO-, EMBRYOTOXIC INDICES OF LABORATORY ANIMALS AND HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THEIR COMBINED ACTION

In the paper there are presented results of experimental works on the study of the character of the combined toxic effect of various complex mixtures presenting in atmospheric air. The action of complex mixtures on the organism of laboratory animals was studied in two series of experiments. In the first series of the experiments there was investigated the combined action of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and suspended substances, and in the second series of experiments - of lead acetate, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide and ammonia.The character of the combined action of lead acetate, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, ammonia under one-term inhalation is established to be manifested in the form of “effect-summation”, and the impact of such suspended substances as hydrogen fluoride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide was similar to the type of “incomplete summation”. In the joint presence of lead acetate, formaldehyde, sulfur dioxide, ammonia in the ambient air, the maximum permissible concentration (MPC ) for each substance should not exceed 0.25 MPC, and the hydrogen fluoride, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and suspended solids should not exceed 0.46 MPC under their isolated action .

Impact of polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, and polyethylene on the organism of mice

Goods of plastic, due to their durability, universality and economical properties are broadly used in all spheres of life. On the whole, polymers are inert and nontoxic, but in the process of their production, various additives are used, which on contact or introduction into an organism has a negative effect on it. In our study, we determined the impact of some types of plastic (polyvinyl chloride, polysterene and polyethylene) on the organism of laboratory animals according to changes in their body weight, indices of mass of the internal organs, and blood parameters. For the experiment, we formed four groups of white male mice at the age of 3 weeks and average body weight of 50 g. For each group, we used different litter. For group I, the litter was sawdust; and for the other groups we added plastic products in different volumes to the sawdust; for group II finely cut polyvinyl chloride, for group III cut polyethylene, and for group IV granules of polystyrene. Every 3 days, we determined the body weight of the animals, and 32 days later we determined mass of the organs, clinical and biochemical parameters of the blood. Addition of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and polystyrene into the substrate for mice did not have a significant effect on tempi of growth of body weight, and also relative mass of heart and lungs. Polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene have an immune-suppressive effect, and polyvinyl chloride affects both central and peripheral organs, and polystyrene mostly harms the peripheral organs. All used types of plastic cause leukocytopenia, following which neutrophilia of band neutrophils and monocytosis takes place as a result of damage to the biological barriers. We determined the systemic toxic effect of the studied types of plastic on the internal organs, which manifested in increase in their mass (liver, kidneys), steep increase in the activity of liver enzymes (AST, ALT), simultaneous decrease in activity of alkaline phosphatase and content of cholysterol and glucose in the blood serum of the mice. Also polyvinyl chlorine, polyethylene and polystyrene cause degeneration of the epithelium of the uriniferous tubule, which is manifested in reduction of globulins and creatinine in the blood of animals from the experimental groups following increase in relative mass of the kidneys. The results of our research allow us to state that different types of plastic can cause toxic effect on animals, as well as people who are in frequent contact with them.

Complex Compounds of Rhenium-188 and Gallium-68 Radionuclides and Their Behavior in the Organism of Laboratory Animals

This paper concerns the study of pharmacokinetic properties of rhenium-188 and gallium-68 bound to a ligand based on tetraphosphonic acid (188 Re,68 Ga-EDTMP). The pharmacokinetics of 188 Re,68 Ga-EDTMP is studied using outbred rats after intravenous injection of the preparation; the results are compared with the properties of 188 Re-EDTMP and 68 Ga-EDTMP. Rapid and selective activity accumulation in bone tissue is observed. The peak specific contents of 68 Ga and 188 Re in the femoral bone are 6.85%/g and 2.76%/g, respectively. Throughout the study, the activity of radionuclides in bone tissue was higher than in blood and most soft tissue organs. 188 Re,68 Ga-EDTMP was excreted via the urinary tract. Increased activity is recorded in the thyroid gland. Other organs and tissues are characterized by low contents of the preparation. After intravenous injection of 188 Re-EDTMP and 68 Ga-EDTMP, the activity of 188 Re and 68 Ga is lower in comparison with 188 Re,68 Ga-EDTMP. Thus,188 Re,68 Ga-EDTMP is a promising preparation for theranostics of bone metastases.

Distribution of uranium in the internal organs of laboratory animals after incorporation of uranium ore dust

Distribution of uranium in the internal organs of laboratory animals after incorporation of uranium ore dust

Determination of acute toxicity of “Bendamin” drug in laboratory animals

The study of acute toxicity is a mandatory stage in the investigation of new drugs, which allows assessing the health of substances for health in the short-term and determining the class of toxicity and breadth of therapeutic action. Therefore, at the first stage of the study, the acute toxicity of Bendamin Cardiomatography was studied, in particular the determination of maximum tolerant, toxic and intermittent lethal doses for laboratory animals. The acute toxicity of Bendamin was determined in two stages: indicative and expanded experiments. In the indicative trial, the drug was administered intragastrically at doses of 50, 500 and 5000 mg/kg body weight. Three white mice and rats were used for each dose. In an expanded experiment, Bendamin was administered intragastrically at doses of 5000 and 10000 mg/kg body weight. In determining the acute toxicity of Bendamin, the DL50 value could not be determined, indicating a low toxicity of the test substance. Thus, the DL50 drug for intragastric administration to white mice is greater than 5000 mg/kg m. The general condition of animals in the studied groups did not differ from the state of intact animals: coordination of movements and skeletal muscle tone, pain response, tactile and acoustic stimuli were adequate, the frequency of breathing and the rhythm of heart rate were within the normal range. At administration of the preparation in a dose of 5000 mg/kg m. T, an insignificant inhibition was established, which is related to the introduction of a large amount of the drug. In determining the coefficients of the mass of the internal organs of laboratory animals, a slight decrease in the weight coefficient of the liver was found in both mice and in rats. The “Bendamin” drug when administered to white mice and rats in the stomach in the maximum amount does not cause symptoms of poisoning and behavioral abnormalities. According to GOST 12.1.007-76, Bendamin, for intragastric administration, according to the degree of hazard belongs to grade 4 toxicity – low toxicity substances (DL50 more than 10000 mg/kg body weight). In the future, it is planned to investigate the chronic toxicity and cumulative properties of the drug in laboratory animals.

Combined effect of glyphosphate, saccharin and sodium benzoate on rats

Herbicides and food additives are included in many food products for humans. Non-used products or products beyond their expiry date are deposited in places of utilizatioin of solid municipal wastes, where they can take effects on the organisms of mouse-like rodents. Among the herbicides, glyphosphate takes first place in the world for volume of production, and is the most intensely used in agricultural farming. The discussion about negative impact on the organisms of mammals, especially against the background of using various substances and environmental factors, continues. In this study, we determined the combined effect of glyphosphate and food additives on the organism of laboratory animals, which manifested in changes in body weight, condition and indices of mass of the internal organs and blood parameters. Four groups of laboratory male rats were formed, which over 42 days received: unlimited access to clean water; 1% aqueous solution of glyphosate; 1% solution of glyphosphate and 1% solution sodium benzoate; 1% solution of glyphosphate with 1% solution of saccharin. Glyphosphate and glyphosphate with sodium benzoate and saccharin significantly reduced the daily increases in body weight of animals compared to the control group. The studied substances have notable suppressive effect on the immune system and haematopoiesis in general, which is manifested in reduce of relative mass of the thymus and spleen against the background of increase in the amount of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. The inhibition of haematopoiesis is indicated by decrease in the amount of erythrocytes, neurophils and hemoglobin of blood of animals from the experimental groups. The impact on the digestive system of glyphosphate and food additives is indicated by occurance of the effect of “irritation” of mucous membranes, and, as a result, disorders in absorption followed by the disorder in metabolic processes. A dysbalance occurs in enzymic systems of the organism, which is manifested in distrophic processes, especially in the liver parenchyma, indicated by the activity of blood enzymes (ALT, AST, alkaline phosphatase), total number and ratio of proteins of blood plasma. We determined the impact of glyphosphate and its mixes with benzoate and saccharin on the pancreas, which manifests in severe pancreatitis with steep increase in the level of glucose of blood. The results of the study allow us to state that mixture of glyphosphate and food additives can cause toxic effect in animals and humans, which often contact with herbicides.

COMPLIANCE OF ANTHRAX RECOMBINANT VACCINE PROTOTYPE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS TO IMMUNE-BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

Current areal of anthrax among live stock and wild animals covers almost all the continents. The cause of human infection is conventionally considered to be the contact with diseased animals in the process of carrying for an animal, forced slaughter or further trimming of carcasses, as well as contact with infected raw materials of animal origin. Licensed vaccines has made an invaluable contribution to the improvement of epidemiological situation on anthrax, however, development of the vaccines complying with current scientific progress remains relevant. We have constructed a vaccine prototype containing recombinant protective antigen and S-layer EA1 protein and added state-of-the-art CpG 2006 adjuvant to the formulation. We have demonstrated the advantage of the lyophilized form of the preparation. Objective — obtainment of anthrax vaccine prototype in lyophilized state and assessment of the prototype compliance with the requirements to vaccine preparations. Materials and methods. Isolation of rPA and EA1 protein was carried out using producer-strain B. anthracis 55ΔTПА-1Spo– on an integrated end-to-end manufacturing line, including concentration, diafiltration and two-phase chromatography. CpG 2006 adjuvant was synthesized according to known sequences. Components were mixed and lyophilized in sublimation unit. Combination of 1% sucrose and 3% glycine was used as cryoprotector. Effectiveness and safety of the preparation were evaluated on the model of BALB/c mice and guinea pigs applying immunological, morphometric, and histological assays. Antibody titers in sera of immunized animals were evaluated using standard ELISA procedures. Protective properties were investigated through LD50 values for the test-strain used on immunized and control animals and immunity index. Results. We have performed complex investigation of the anthrax vaccine prototype, containing B. anthracis 55ΔTПА-1Spo– proteins as main and supplementary antigens, as well as CpG 2006 adjuvant, stabilizers and preservative agent. The prototype meets the requirements to immunobiological medicinal drugs by all physical-chemical properties. Our preparation does not have a toxic effect on the organism of laboratory animals in case of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal administration of single human dose. Pathomorphological study of guinea pigs’ organs immunized with double dose of the vaccine prototype has not revealed any evidence of damaging effect on the cells and tissues of macroorganism. The prototype protects BALB/c mice from the infection with B. anthracis 71/12 test-strain.

Вивчення впливу генно-модифікованої сої лінії MON 89788 на організм лабораторних тварин

Вивчення впливу генно-модифікованої сої лінії MON 89788 на організм лабораторних тварин

Effects of Thermoextracts of Brucella S and L Forms on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Defense in Organs of Laboratory Animals.

The dynamics of LPO marker malondialdehyde formation and peroxidase-destroying activity was studied in homogenized organs of guinea pigs, immunized with thermoextracts from S and L forms Brucella abortus I-206. The L form brucella thermoextract exhibited a lower reactogenicity and adequately activated the antioxidant system, due to which the destructive effects of ROS could be partially neutralized during the vaccinal process.

PECULIARITIES OF THE TOXIC EFFECT OF DIISONONYL PHTHALATE PLASTICIZER PHTHALATE ON EXPERIMENTAL MODELS

Introduction. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of the biological effect of diisononyl phthalate, a new plasticizer for polymer products. Material and methods. Toxic properties of the compound have been studied in various ways of its entering in the organism of laboratory animals, local irritating, cumulative and skin-resorptive actions have been established, the potential ability of the compound to induce remote effects in experimental models in vivo/in vitro has been revealed. Results and discussion. The obtained data show diisononyl phthalate do not pose a risk of the acute poisoning under intragastric, intraperitoneal, epicutaneous and inhalation modes of exposure, being incapable of inducing signs of the irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, is not allergic. With subchronic intragastric administration of diisononyl phthalate in doses from 10,000 to 100 mg/kg, the dose dependence of toxic effect and its ability to cause chronic polytropic poisoning of the action in the form of disturbance of the pattern of peripheral blood, calcium and phosphorus metabolism and changes in the functional state of internal organs are revealed. In the study of the reproductive toxicity against the background of the administration of the drug at a dose of 10,000 mg/kg, an increase in total postimplantation, embryonic and the postnatal mortality rate was established. Intragastric administration of diisononyl phthalate at the mentioned dose to female animals during pregnancy triggered the formation of multiple (combined), external and internal malformations of embryos that were single in response to a reduced dose of up to 100 mg/kg. Changes in the state of the reproductive function of males have not been established. In the study of mutagenic toxicity in the Ames test, the effect of the compound has not been established to lead to an increase in the number of revertant colonies, which indicates the lack of ability of diisononyl phthalate to induce point mutations. Conclusion. The results of the studies showed that further study of the toxic effect of diisononylphthalate in chronic exposure and in vitro tests is necessary.

Abdominal ultrasonographic imaging of laboratory animals - Current techniques

Diagnostic ultrasonography is a non-invasive imaging technique developed and applicable both in reproductive and companion animals for the diagnosis of diseases. During the last years it has also been used in laboratory animals facilitating thus the advances of biomedical research. The ultrasonographic imaging of abdominal organs in laboratory animals may take place in soft tissue organs, such as the liver, the spleen, the kidneys, the urinary bladder, but also the uterus, especially before, during and after pregnancy, as well as during parturition. It has been proved to be extremely useful both for monitoring of organ architecture during several related experimental protocols and for diagnosing possible diseases that may occur during a laboratory animal's lifetime. During the last decade technological progress has been present in scientific life leading in several advances in ultrasonographic imaging. More specifically, ultra high frequency transducers, with a potential of using sophisticated software, are now able to provide researchers with extended field of view images even of small laboratory animals, such as mice. 3D ultrasonography relies on the acquisition of images in multiple scan planes from which a 3D image is created. 4D ultrasonography provides functional data in three dimensions, whereas microbubble contrast agents have shown clinical potential for characterizing blood flow in abdominal vessels, especially with the use of ultra high frequency transducers and 3D imaging. Doppler imaging provides information on blood flow and abdominal organs blood supply. Finally, ultrasound- guided biopsy and injection of substances are important tools in biomedical research protocols.

STUDY OF THE NEW FERTILIZER TOXICITY

The article is devoted to the study of toxic effect of a new complex liquid mineral fertilizer «Agromineral» on the organism of laboratory animals. Results of sanitary and toxicological studies on assessment of toxicity and hazard of the agrochemical were analyzed ; based on investigation results, parameters of acute and subacute toxicity are established; irritating effects on skin and mucous membranes, cumulative effect, sensitizing effect were studied.

PBPK-Model Biodistribution of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles in the Body of Laboratory Animals and Humans at Different Ways of Income

For needs of the modern science, prediction of nanoparticles (NPs) biodistribution is necessary to avoid the disastrous consequences of its uncontrolled usage. For these purposes we have created the mathematical model of NPs’ biokinetics which can predict how much NPs would be in different organs in laboratory animals’ or human’s organism after different ways and regimes of injections. It is based on PBPK-modelling conception where the blood is the main transport of NPs and organs or tissues are proposed as compartment of NPs’ accumulation. The extrapolation from experimental data for laboratory animals to the human organism is implemented by the method of biological similarity. The special algorithm has been created to find the biokinetic constants, which allows to recreate experimental data, and it is based on the method of successive approximation by the criterion of maximum plausibility.The model is released as a computer code on the MATLAB language. There are evaluations of the model’s parameters for two experiments: for single intragastric injection in rat solutions with 35 nm silver NPs and with 8 nm gold NPs. The result of calculations is represented as graph for some organs (liver, kidney and spleen) and it could be considered as acceptable in recreation experimental data. There is also results of calculation for human organism that are got from biokinetic constants by the mechanism of extrapolation. The proposed model can be adapted for others types of metal NPs.