Information Technology Organizations Research Articles

Enhancing employees’ creative performance by giving developmental feedback

PurposeThe principal objective of this current research is to explore and test an underlying mechanism to solve the inconsistent relationship between supervisors’ developmental feedback and employee creativity. This study also tests the moderating role of absorptive capacity in fully understanding the relationship between two constructs.Design/methodology/approachA time-lagged survey was utilized to collect data from 317 employees working at information technology (IT) organizations in Vietnam. This research conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to examine the hypotheses.FindingsThis research found that employees’ operational skills fully mediated the link between supervisors’ developmental feedback and employees’ creative performance. Moreover, absorptive capacity positively moderated the relationship between supervisors’ developmental feedback and employees’ operational skills as well as the relationship between employees’ operational skills and employee creativity.Originality/valueThis research is one of the first papers to discuss the mediating role of employees’ operational skills in associating supervisors’ developmental feedback with employee creativity in response to the calls of previous studies. To fully comprehend the indirect impact of supervisors' developmental feedback on workers' creative performance, this research also examines the moderating influence of absorptive capacity at the individual level.

Effectiveness of Tax Benefits for Information Technology Organizations in Russia

The subject of the study is a set of measures of tax incentives for the information technology industry in the Russian Federation — “tax maneuver in IT”, launched from the beginning of 2021. The purpose of the study is to identify and qualitatively assess the stimulating effect of the tax maneuver in IT, which is expressed in changes in key financial and natural performance indicators of IT industry organizations, and to develop proposals on ways of tax incentives for the development of the industry. The article describes the distortion of the aggregate tax reporting characterizing the IT industry, which takes into account not only recently established IT organizations, but also “nominal” separates from large organizations IT subdivisions or technically clarified classification code, making it inappropriate to use such reporting as a basis for analysis and reliable conclusions. Based on the data of the public financial statements of selected sample from the top-100 Russian IT organizations, the article analyzes the dynamics of financial indicators of their activities, among which are the profiles of profiles, operating profit, net profit, investment in basic assets, the number of staff, the amount of products supplied for export, the capitalization of the company. The observation was conducted for 2017– 2022 and covers the periods both before and during the engagement of tax benefits. A comparative study was carried out with similar indicators of the organizations of the “control group”, which included IT companies operating in other countries that were not affected by such tax benefits. According to the results of the study, small or no extra growth was observed in key financial indicators of IT organizations due to the tax maneuver compared with the “pre-maneuver” period and compared with the indicators of the control group. It is concluded that there is no evidence of a significant impact of the tax maneuver on the development of the IT industry in Russia. We proposed dismantling of the “maneuver” and transition, based on the Chinese and some EU countries approaches, to taxation of the qualified profit. The latter is the profit of Russian and foreign IT developers from the localization of IT development and value creation in Russia. The achievable effective rate is 2.5%.

Modelling the enablers of productivity of enterprise-level Agile software development process using modified TISM approach

Purpose This study aims to examine the enablers of productivity of enterprise-level Agile development process using modified total interpretative structural modeling (TISM). The two main objectives of the current study are to determine the variables influencing enterprise-level agile development productivity and to develop modified TISM for the corresponding components. Design/methodology/approach To identify enablers of the productivity of enterprise-level agile software development process a literature review and opinions of domain experts were collected. A hierarchical relationship among variables that show direct and indirect influence is created using the modified TISM (M-TISM) technique with Cross Impact Matrix-Multiplication Applied to Classification analysis. This study examined and analyzed the relationships between the determinants within the enterprise using a M-TISM technique. Findings With the literature review, the study could identify ten enabling factors of the productivity of Agile development process at the enterprise level. Results depict that program increment (PI) planning and scalable backlog management, continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD), agile release trains (ART), agile work culture, delivery excellence, lean and DevOps practices, value stream mapping (VMS), team skills and expertise, collaborative culture, agile coaching, customer engagement have an impact on the productivity of enterprise-level Agile development process. The results show that team collaboration, agile ways of working and customer engagement have a greater impact on productivity improvement for enterprise-level Agile development process. Research limitations/implications The developed model is useful for organizations employing scaled Agile development processes in software development. This study provides a recommended listing of key enablers, that may enable productivity improvements in the Agile development process at the enterprise level. Strategists should focus on team collaboration and Agile project management. This study offers a modified TISM model to academicians to help them understand the effects of numerous variables on maintaining the productivity of an enterprise-level Agile. The identified characteristics and their hierarchical structure can help project managers during the execution of Agile projects at the enterprise level, more effectively, increasing their success and productivity. Originality/value The study addresses the gap in the literature by interpretative relationships between the identified enabling factors. The model validation is carried out by a panel of nine experts from several information technology organizations deploying Agile software development at the enterprise level. This unique method broadens the knowledge base in Agile software development at scale and provides project managers and practitioners with a practical foundation.

Issues of Interaction Between Operational and Strategic Management of an Enterprise in a Market Environment

Main problem: One of the priority directions for improving the management system at the enterprise is the organization of effective interaction between strategic and operational management through the formation of a mechanism for their interaction, orienting operational management to achieve strategic goals and objectives. In market conditions, issues of interaction between strategic and operational production management are particularly relevant, allowing solving complex economic problems of the enterprise related to the rational use of resources involved in production, reducing production costs, improving the quality of products, optimizing production potential in order to increase the efficiency of the entire enterprise as a whole and its structural divisions. The role of the mechanism of interaction between strategic and operational production management also lies in the possibility of coordinating those final strategic goals that the enterprise strives for with the actual internal production capabilities. The purpose of this article is to study the issues of interaction between operational and strategic management of an enterprise in a market environment. The theory and modern practice of production management in a competitive environment show that the implementation of operational production management is a natural stage in the implementation of strategic management, therefore, there is a close relationship between them, which manifests itself in their interaction. Methods: The methods of analysis and generalization, the method of systematic and comparative analysis, structural and functional method, economic and mathematical methods, graphical and tabular method were used in the work. Results and their significance: the authors consider the theoretical aspects of the relationship between strategic and operational production management at an enterprise in a competitive environment. There is a low level of compliance of operational tasks of production with the strategic goals of development of domestic enterprises and the special role of information systems designed to link operational and strategic management tasks together. Accordingly, the key aspects of information technology implementation are investigated, including the need for employee training, strategic communications planning, information flow management and the use of data analytics. Examples of successful application of information technologies in various industries and organizations are given.

Digital transformation in ecosystems: integrated operations model and its application to fifth-party logistics operators

Purpose The logistics industry has undergone a tremendous transformation. This transformation is necessary to cope with the fundamental changes in customer expectations and the need for digitalization imposed by the pandemic, changes in the socioeconomic world, and innovative technology solutions. This paper aims to present digital transformation as an integrated framework for transforming the operating model and applying advanced solutions to the ecosystem of a quintile logistics (5PL) company. 5PL operators are typically an ecosystem. Loosely coupled or self-organized entities that collaborate in a symbiotic relationship represent this ecosystem. They aim to jointly develop capabilities, create innovative services or solutions, share knowledge, facilitate transactions, and leverage network synergies in a logistics environment to provide optimized or novel customer- or partner-centric solutions (Lamberjohann and Otto, 2020). Design/methodology/approach Currently, there is no single definition of an integrated logistics operations model in 5PL practice, so the qualitative method used in this paper allows for investigation from an exploratory perspective. The paper follows a qualitative research methodology, collecting and analyzing data/facts through interviews and visits to subject matter experts, industry practitioners, and academic researchers, combined with an extensive review of academic publications, industry reports, and written and media content from established organizations in the marketplace. This paper follows a qualitative research methodology, as it is an inquiry rather than a statistical study. The qualitative method allows the study of the concepts of phenomena and definitions, their characteristics, and the defining features that serve as the basis (Berg, 2007). It emphasizes generalized interpretation and deeper understanding of concepts, which would be more difficult in quantitative, statistically based research. Fact-finding was conducted in two ways: in-depth interviews with experts from academia, information and communication technology organizations, and key players in the logistics industry; and academic publications, industry reports, and written and media content from established national and international organizations in the market. Findings The operations model introduced considers six aspects: persons, processes, platforms, partners, protection and preservation. A virtual team approach can support the personal side of the 5PL ecosystem’s digital transformation. Managing a 5PL ecosystem should be based on collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment methods (Parsa et al., 2020). A digital platform can support trust among the stakeholders in the ecosystem. A blockchain solution can powerfully support the 5PL ecosystem from partner relationships’ points of view. The implementation of a cybersecurity reference model is important for protection (Bandari, 2023). Reverse logistics and an integrated approach support the preservation of the ecosystem. Research limitations/implications While the author has experience applying the different components of the operations model presented, it would be interesting to find a 5PL that would use all the components presented in an integrated way. The operations model presented applies to any similar ecosystem with minor adaptations. Practical implications This paper addresses operations models and digital transformation challenges for optimizing 5PL operators. It provides several opportunities and considerations for 5PL operators interested in improving their management and operations to cope with the growing challenges of today’s world. Social implications The competitiveness and long-term performance of 5PL operators depend on selecting and carefully implementing their operations models. This paper emphasizes the importance of using advanced operations models. Originality/value The operations model derives from the author’s personal experiences in research and the innovative application of these models to logistics operators (DHL, UPS, Poste Italiane and others). This paper brings together academic and industry perspectives and operations models in an integrated business digital transformation. This paper defines an original optimal operations model for a 5PL operator and can add sustainable value to organizations and society. In doing so, it outlines different solution requirements, the critical success factors and the challenges for solutions and brings logistical performance objectives when implementing a digital business transformation.

BPM challenges, limitations and future development directions – a systematic literature review

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to identify the main challenges and limitations of current business process management (BPM) development directions noticed by researchers, as well as to define the areas of the main BPM paradigm shifts necessary for the BPM of tomorrow to meet the challenges posed by Industry 4.0 and the emerging Industry 5.0. This is extremely important from the perspective of eliminating the existing broadening gap between the considerations of academic researchers and the needs of business itself.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review was conducted on the basis of the resources of two digital databases: Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS. Based on the PRISMA protocol, the authors selected 29 papers published in the last decade that diagnosed the challenges and limitations of modern BPM and contained recommendations for its future development. The content of the articles was analyzed within four BPM core areas.FindingsThe authors of the selected articles most commonly point to the areas of organization (21 articles) and methods and information technology (IT) (22 articles) in the context of the challenges and limitations of current BPM and the directions of recommended future BPM development. This points to the prevalence among researchers of the perspective of Industry 4.0 – or focus on technological solutions and raising process efficiency, with the full exclusion or only the partial signalization of the influence of implementing new technologies on the stakeholders and in particular – employees, their roles and competencies – the key aspects of Industry 5.0.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposal of BPM future development directions requires the extension of the BPM paradigm, taking into account its holistic nature, especially unpredictable, knowledge-intensive business processes requiring dynamic management, the need to integrate BPM with knowledge management (KM) and the requirements of Industry 5.0 in terms of organizational culture. The limitation is that the study is based on only two databases: WoS and SCOPUS and that the search has been narrowed down to publications in English only.Practical implicationsThe proposal of BPM future development directions also requires the extension of the BPM paradigm, taking into account the specific challenges and limitations that managers encounter on a daily basis. The presented summaries of the challenges and limitations resulting from the literature review are accompanied by recommendations that are primarily dedicated to practitioners.Social implicationsThe article indicates the area people and culture as one of the four core areas of BPM. It emphasizes the necessity to account to a greater degree for the influence of people, their knowledge, experience and engagement, as well as formal and informal communication, without which it is impossible to use the creativity, innovativeness and dynamism of the individual and the communities to create value in the course of business process execution.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the literature on the limitations of modern BPM and its future in the context of Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0.

РАЗВИТИЕ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ В СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ В ПОСТКОВИДНЫЙ ПЕРИОД И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ЭКОНОМИКУ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

The coronavirus pandemic continues to pose serious challenges to agricultural production since 2020. Restrictions on trade in agricultural products affect marketing opportunities and the availability of operational resources. Seasonal labor is becoming scarce, and new consumption patterns and hygiene requirements pose new challenges for the industry. Restrictions imposed due to the coronavirus pandemic have led to an unprecedented market situation. In this work, to study the digital divide between rural and urban areas, the profile indicators of rural residents of the Russian Federation who did not have access to the Internet in 2019-2021 were analyzed. The research substantiated the service components of the digital potential of rural areas, which together will allow the development of information and communication technologies in rural areas and agricultural organizations, the skills of people who are participants in the digital transformation of processes in all spheres of rural life. Such service components include: 1) information and communication technologies and infrastructure; 2) digital management of business processes in an agricultural organization; 3) electronic digital business; 4) digital competence and literacy of rural residents and employees of agricultural organizations to assess the possibility of digital interaction with each other. A detailed analysis of trends in the digital gap in the use of the Internet through the construction of logit models made it possible to confirm the results obtained that in the absence of completed secondary education and work, the risk of a rural resident becoming one of those who do not use the Internet, that is, being in “digital isolation”, increases, and more significantly compared to other characteristics considered.

ANALISIS PROBLEM MANAGEMENT PADA IT HELPDESK UIN RADEN FATAH DENGAN IMPLEMENTASI ITSM

Problem Management is a crucial aspect in the management of Information Technology (IT) services, aiming to identify and address the main causes of problems in an organization's IT infrastructure. This study analyzes the implementation of Problem Management in the IT Helpdesk at UIN Raden Fatah, with a focus on services from the PUSTIPD Unit. Case studies are used as the main research method, involving interviews, observation and analysis of related documents. The findings show that the implementation of Problem Management has brought significant benefits, although there is still room for improvement, especially in interunit coordination and end-user engagement. This study provides insight into the importance of Problem Management in improving the performance of IT services in higher education institutions.

Redesigning The Organization Of The Jakarta City Government: Adaptation And Innovation Towards A Sustainable City

The challenges faced by the Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta in dealing with its change in status as the special capital region have triggered the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the existing spatial and governance systems. Discussions between the Acting Governor of DKI Jakarta and the Minister of National Development Planning indicate the importance of collaboration between central and regional government institutions in ensuring effective adaptation. In the context of relocating the national capital to East Kalimantan, Jakarta is confronted with the challenge of restructuring its government organization to manage environmental challenges, enhance the quality of public services, and ensure development sustainability. The primary focus of the Jakarta Government is on economic development and recovery, which requires restructuring the government organization to enhance the quality of public services and adapt to digital transformation. Redesigning the government organization is essential to ensure smooth transition and sustainable development in the future. Gap analysis shows that Jakarta faces several issues in organizational structure, workflow processes, human resources, and information technology.  This research utilizes a qualitative approach with a case study method, collecting data from various sources, including literature reviews and official documents such as laws and regulations, as well as  Government performance reports. It is hoped that the findings of this research will provide a comprehensive overview of the changes in the government organization in Jakarta City and offer valuable insights to the local government in their efforts to improve performance and effectiveness, as well as ensure development sustainability in the future.

DevOps Metrics and KPIs: A Multivocal Literature Review

Context: Information Technology (IT) organizations are aiming to implement DevOps capabilities in order to fulfill market, customers and internal needs. While many are successful with DevOps implementation, others still have difficulty to measure DevOps success in their organization. As a result, the effectiveness of assessing DevOps remains erratic. This emphasizes the need to withstand management in measuring the implementation process with suitable DevOps Metrics. But what are these metrics? Objective: This research seeks to provide relevant DevOps Metrics in order to facilitate the efficiency of DevOps adoption and better analyze DevOps performance in enterprises. Method: A Multivocal Literature Review (MLR) is conducted, with 139 documents gathered and thoroughly examined from throughout the community, including books, scientific articles, white papers, and conferences, among others. Results: This article conducts an extensive and rigorous MLR, contributing with a definition of DevOps Metrics, 22 main metrics, their definitions, importance and categorization in sets of KPIs, as well as exposing clear indicators on how to improve them. It is also discussed how metrics could be put into practice and what constitutes a change in the context of DevOps Metrics. The study’s outcomes will assist researchers and practitioners understand DevOps Metrics and how to better implement them.

Projectized Community of Practice: A Case Study of Globally Distributed Information Technology Organization

The execution of globally distributed information technology service projects (GDITP) by globally distributed teams, while inherently complex, offers the advantages of swift implementation and seamless service delivery to global clients. The numerous challenges including the intangibility of customer specifications, the iterative nature of information technology (IT) activities and coordination difficulties arising from diverse teams contribute to complexity in managing these projects. Moreover, the organizational complexity is compounded by competing power centres, turning project delivery into a politically contested process. In traditional projects such as construction or customized manufacturing, overcoming aforementioned challenges through strong top-down leadership is typical in many time-bound projects. However, in the realm of IT projects, which are inherently people-centric, enforcing a command-and-control environment is challenging. Communities-of-practice (CoP) offer an alternative structure that engages highly skilled employees in a collaborative community, navigating the challenges posed by IT projects. Our study explores this innovative approach, focusing on a product firm effectively leveraging CoPs to successfully execute global service projects. Delving into the functioning of CoPs, our research illustrates how they scale up using both formal and informal networks to meet diverse global customer requirements. Despite operating globally, CoPs exhibit emergent collective mindfulness, adapting tools, processes and products to the demands of the projects. The study also details how the organization manages complexity while adhering to product architecture and a uniform project framework.

Information system quality and organizational performance: The effect of information system integration in Tabriz metropolitan municipality, Iran

Due to the multiplicity of administration in urban management in Iran and with the aim of feasibility of implementing the integrated urban management, this study evaluates the impact of information system (IS) quality and IS integration on performance of Tabriz metropolitan municipality, Iran, as the trustee of urban affairs. The quantitative method was applied using survey questionnaires that have been conducted based on the relevant literature. SPSS software was used to perform regression and covariance analyses to analyze the collected data (80 valid responses) as well as the relationships among the components of the conceptual research model. The quantitative data for this research was limited to the Tabriz municipality's ICT experts (all experts of Statistics and Information Technology organization). The results prove positive relationships among IS quality, IS integration and the organizational performance. Additionally, the findings reveal that IS integration fully mediates the relationship between IS quality toward organizational performance. The originality of this study lies in examining the integrated urban management in Iran from the perspective of urban information infrastructures (urban information systems) for the first time.

Optimization of Electronic Health Record Usability Through a Department-Led Quality Improvement Process.

Electronic health records (EHR) have become commonplace in medicine. A disconnect between developers and users while creating the interface often fails to create a product that captures clinical workflow, and issues become apparent with implementation. Optimization allows collaboration of clinicians and informaticists after implementation, but documentation of success has only been at the institutional level. A 4-month, department-wide EHR optimization was conducted with information technology (IT). Optimizations were developed from an intensive quality improvement process involving all levels of clinicians and clinical staff. The optimizations were then categorized as accommodations (department adjusted workflow to EHR), creations (IT developed new workflows within EHR), discoveries (department found workflows within EHR), and modifications (IT changed workflows within EHR). Departmental productivity, defined as number of visits, charges, and payments, was standardized to ratios prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluated by Taylor's change point analysis. Significant improvements were defined as shifts (change points), trends (5 or more consecutive values above/below the mean), and values outside 95% CIs. The 124 optimizations were categorized as 43 accommodations, 13 creations, 54 discoveries, and 14 modifications. Productivity ratios of monthly charges (0.74 to 1.28) and payments (0.83 to 1.58) significantly improved with the optimization efforts. Monthly visit ratios increased (0.65 to 0.98) but did not change significantly. Departmental collaboration with organizational IT for EHR optimization focused on detailed analysis of how workflows can impact productivity. Discovery optimization predominance indicates many solutions to EHR usability problems were already in the system. A large proportion of accommodation optimizations reinforced the need for better developer-user collaboration before implementation.Annals Early Access.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE USE OF INFORMATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF VILLAGE APPARATUS IN PASIR DISTRICT EAST LAMPUNG SAKTI

For the development of public services, government organizations need to be able to create and enhance services. Resources are necessary for all organizations, including governmental and commercial ones, to accomplish their objectives. One organizational resource that is essential to reaching shared objectives is human resources. The public expects the government to provide quality services. Performance evaluations are given to employees. Village authorities in the Pasir Sakti District of East Lampung are among the staff members whose work is evaluated and in need of improvement in order to promote organizational performance. The degree of service provided by village government personnel is measured by their performance. "The Influence of Organizational Information and Communication Technology on the Performance of Village Officials in Pasir Sakti District, East Lampung" is the research's stated goal. Since the research is given as statistics, the author in this instance used a quantitative approach to perform the study. 
 
 Keywords: Information Technology, Organizational Communication, Employee performance

Implementation of Electronic Customer Relationship Management to Increase NusaTrip Customer Loyalty

E-CRM (Electronic Customer Relationship Management) is the process of maximizing sales to customers and prospecting customers by using information technology such as databases, websites, customer service, e-mail, and social media marketing (Hendriyani & Raharja, 2018). The purpose of this research is to determine the implementation of e-CRM such as websites and business procedures carried out by NusaTrip in increasing customer loyalty. Apart from that, the implementation of e-CRM in the form of e-mail, sitemap and social media marketing such as Facebook, Instagram or more personal communication using WhatsApp is also expected to help NusaTrip to establish good communication with customers to increase customer loyalty. There are four factors in supporting the success of E-CRM, namely Organization Orientation, Customer Orientation, Knowledge Orientation, and Information Technology Orientation. The e-CRM provided by NusaTrip can help customers find information about the company or make hotel room reservations or purchase plane tickets easily.

A REVIEW OF BLOCKCHAIN APPLICATION IN LOGISTICS AND LAST-MILE DELIVERY

Due to the ongoing arrival of individuals, large urban areas are expanding while the daily life within them becomes increasingly demanding. These cities' authorities confronted many challenges in providing necessities for their citizens, such as water and food supply, energy, public transportation, road infrastructure, healthcare services, waste management, recycling, and storage facilities. Cities embrace novel technologies and innovative approaches to cope with these evolving circumstances. Cyber-physical systems, digitization, networking, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and blockchains are valuable tools that enable the efficient functioning of smart cities. The subject matter of this article is very complex and covers several disciplines, such as management, transport, and information technologies. Few have mastered the necessary knowledge in all these areas. The authors wish that this multi-dimensional presentation of the current situation will be helpful to those who deal with the organization of life in cities, logistics, or the application of information technologies in business organizations, but also ordinary citizens who are not yet familiar with these problems. The article should allow the reader to see the complexity of last-mile delivery and encourage it to use its potential to get involved in solving this problem.

Improving digital work experience: an experimental investigation of IT identity and organization support

PurposeImproving digital work experience is critical for the job performance of individuals and the competitiveness of organizations due to their increasing use. This paper investigates how organization support affects the digital work experience of individuals differently depending on their levels of information technology (IT) identity.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon the IT identity literature and the conservation of resources (COR) theory, a conceptual model is developed, tested and validated using the data collected in Australia through an experimental design in which IT identity is manipulated.FindingsThis study reveals a nuanced impact of organization support on shaping digital work experience. Specifically, it finds that technical support is more effective in improving the digital work experience of individuals with a high level of IT identity, whereas well-being support is more effective in enhancing the digital work experience of individuals with a low level of IT identity.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the IT identity literature by introducing a novel experimental design to manipulate IT identity in the digital work context. It also contributes to the digital work literature by introducing a resource perspective for identifying well-being support, technical support and IT identity as the key resources in shaping digital work experience and calling for attention to IT identity as a boundary condition on the effectiveness of organization support. The findings can help organizations formulate better strategies and policies to improve digital work experience by providing tailored support to individuals with different levels of IT identity.

Utilization of time-driven activity-based costing and process simulation in cost management of organization

The deployment of information and communication technologies in organizations is on the rise. Many organizations consider the application of technologies to be a crucial key to improve their processes. However, traditional costing systems are not suitable for cost estimation of business processes due to the use of volume-based cost drivers, which are often not adequate for the structure of today’s organizations. In this research, we present an overview of how the TDABC (time-driven activity-based costing) model can be combined with process mining and business process simulation for cost estimation of such processes. The objective of this paper is to use the cost dimension as a major attribute for the potential implementation of robotic process automation (RPA) in companies. However, information and communication technologies could be considered in general. We demonstrate our approach in a case study that takes advantage of a real-life event log containing transactional data representing the loan application process in an insurance company. The event log is analyzed and processed using process mining techniques. Based on the preprocessing, a simulation model representing the original loan application process is designed. The designed simulation model is then used for simulation of partial and full implementation of RPA through separate scenarios. Then, we add the cost dimension to the simulation by enriching the event log with cost data based on a formalized cost model. We show that even though partial implementation of RPA might not deliver significant increase in efficiency in the process, it might still represent significant cost savings.

A Study on Employee Engagement and its Impact on Organizational Effectiveness among IT Companies in Iraq

This paper explores employee engagement in IT companies in Iraq. The current research measured employee engagement and its influence on organizational effectiveness and suggested ways to improve it via employee engagement. Empirical research requires quantitative data collection and analysis. The research was survey-based. Structured questionnaires were employed to collect data for the examination. To meet the study's aims, primary and secondary data were collected the preliminary data gathered from 265 employees working in IT companies in Iraq. Journals, books, and websites provided secondary data. The researcher used correlation and regression analyses to analyze the data. The results reveal that work environment and organization culture are significant factors of employee engagement that affect organizational effectiveness. The results outcomes will shed light on employee engagement and organizational effectiveness. The study's results would also assist firms design programs and techniques to increase organizational effectiveness. Although, it’s important to provide additional support for new employees in these information technology organizations by their supervisors during the process of adjusting to the work environment for the first time.

Application of artificial intelligence on human resource management in information technolgy industry in India

Artificial Intelligence is a term for a technology that is used to do a job that needs intelligence. It is a technology designed to do what a person could do. Today’s organizations have changed a lot because of Artificial Intelligence. Not just one part of the organization but all of its functions and how it affects human resource management must be looked at separately, especially since this is where most people work. This study looks into how artificial intelligence can handle human resources in India’s IT (Information Technology) business. This study looks at what makes AI-driven HRM practices in the Indian IT business work the way they do. The researcher has collected secondary sources like journal articles, study papers, dissertations, and reports from different IT companies related to AI in HR. Information is gathered from individuals who work in IT organizations’ human resources offices. The results show that Artificial Intelligence is young regarding recruitment, and only a few companies use it for human resource management. The main benefits of AI are speed, quality, and the removal of routine jobs. On the other hand, the biggest problem is that businesses are only sometimes ready for new technologies.