Organizational Character Research Articles

Taxonomy of cyanobacteria: the era of change

Until mid-1970s, cyanobacteria have been interpreted as algae despite they differed from other members of this taxonomic group by the absence of cell nucleus (that is currently considered a character of prokaryotic organization). However, when bacteria were reinterpreted as prokaryotes, blue-green algae became reattributed as cyanobacteria, and bacteriologists began to study their cultured strains with microbiology methods. But since these objects did not obey the provisions of bacteriological code (ICNB), the development of their taxonomy had certain problems, especially regarding nomenclature, that could not be solved until early-2010s. Current changes in taxonomy of cyanobacteria result from a general progress in taxonomy of prokaryotes due to the explosive accumulation of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data, particularly of uncultured objects. Advances in the description of cyanobactera are as follows: I) based on polyphasic approach, new taxa ranging from species to order were published; II) “dark” objects demonstrating several types of non-photosynthetic metabolism were described; III) the objects producing red-shifted chlorophylls d and f were published. Advances in the nomenclature of cyanobacteria are: IV) taxa validly published according to the botanical code (ICN) are also considered valid under the prokaryotic code (ICNP); V) category of phylum was introduced into ICNP, and due to valid publication of the type genus Cyanobacterium, the phylum name Cyanobacteriota became legitimate; VI) names of uncultured Candidatus objects could get standing in nomenclature based on the SeqCode in which type material is represented by genomic DNA sequences. Advances in the classification of cyanobacteria are: VII) evolutionary tree of oxygenic phototrophs and related phylotypes was construed; VIII) phylogenomic system of orders and families was elaborated; IX) ecogenomic system combining genome analysis and genome distribution data was offered. The subject for future research is a restriction of taxonomic redundancy in cyanobacteria, and further attempts to develop their species concept.

Liquidation of Illiteracy of Adult Population in the Far-Eastern Republic (1920-1922)

The article deals with the comparatively uninvestigated issue of education and edification policy concerning adult population in the Far-Eastern Republic which included the Amur, Trans-Baikal, Kamchatka, Primorsky and Sakhalin territories, as well as the Chinese Eastern Railroad (CER) right-of-way from 1920 till 1922. Taking into consideration the fact that the Far-Eastern Republic was established on the initiative of the representatives of the RCP (b) and RFSSR, certain directions of inner politics of the two states had similar features. But the objective peculiarities of the Far-Eastern Republic as an independent state determined the specifics of its practical implementation. The analysis of the records, both published and unpublished, achieved from historical sources of the Russian State Historical Archive of the Far-East, of the Russian State Historical Archive of Khabarovsk, and of the Russian State Historical Archive of Trans-Baikal Territory, allowed to find out that all the measures taken for the liquidation of illiteracy of adult population in the Far-Eastern Republic were arranged by the Government and authorities, but they were not wholly implemented because of some economic and organizational character. The comparative analysis of policy implemented in the Soviet Russia and the Far-Eastern Republic was made, the common features and differences were found.

Conservative character of the germ-line cyst organization within enchytraeids (Annelida: Clitellata) ovary – New proofs based on two Achaeta species

Ovaries in a minute and mainly aquatic clitellates, collectively termed microdriles, are usually tiny paired gonads localized, depending on the family/subfamily, in segments VI, XI, XII, or XIII. Sometimes, two pairs of ovaries are present in consecutive segments, or ovaries are unpaired. Usually, accumulating yolk (vitellogenic) oocytes detach from ovaries and float in the coelom cavity. This study presents the microscopical analyses of unpaired ovaries found in two representatives of the genus Achaeta (family Enchytraeidae). The ovary is an inconspicuous organ composed of germ-line cysts uniting early meiotic cells. Cysts comprise 16 synchronously developing cells interconnected via cytoplasmic bridges to the central cytoplasmic mass, termed cytophore. Each interconnected cell has one bridge connecting it to the cytophore. Clustering germ cells are enveloped by elongated somatic cells. The developmental synchrony within cysts is lost when one cell per cyst forms prominent microvilli, gather vast amounts of nutrients (yolk), and becomes an oocyte. The remaining 15 cells do not form microvilli, grow slowly, and are regarded as nurse cells that supply the oocyte with organelles and probably macromolecules. Such cysts detach from the ovary and float freely in the segmental cavity. Nurse cells and vitellogenic oocyte are still connected to the ball-like cytophore. Vitellogenic oocytes gather vast amounts of reserve material, mainly protein spheres. Finally, oocytes lose contact with the cytophore, and nurse cells no longer accompany them. The ovary organization and oogenesis scenario observed in this study are broadly similar to that described for other enchytraeid species, such as Enchytraeus albidus and Grania postclitellochaeta, and have been classified as the “Enchytraeus” type of ovary. The obtained results show that despite the unpaired nature of the Achaeta ovary and some differences in ovary morphology and oogenesis between different enchytraeid taxa, the ovaries of these clitellates are consistently composed of 16-celled germ-line cysts equipped with cytophore. Moreover, the presence of cysts equipped with cytophore in the ovaries of the studied Achaeta specimens provides the subsequent evidence that the formation of such germ-line cysts is a conserved aspect of oogenesis within the Clitellata. This consistency in the ovarian and oogenic patterns underscores the evolutionary conservation of these reproductive traits within the Enchytraeidae and clitellate annelids.

Unveiling Srebrenica: a Dual Perspective on the 1995 Genocide UN and VRS Documents

In July 1995, the Army of the Serb Republic (VRS) and paramilitary forces carried out a genocide in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina that claimed the lives of over 8,000 Muslims. Understanding this tragic period necessitates an examination of documents from the United Nations (UN) and the VRS. According to UN documents, it was ill-equipped and underprepared to deal with the situation. Daily reports suggest insufficient resources, restricted movement, and dependence on rumors owing to limited access to information, limiting their capacity to deliver meaningful aid. VRS records illustrate the organized character of the genocide through explicit talks and coded language used to hide operations. However, critical personal histories and contextual information on the VRS members are missing, leaving unresolved questions regarding motivations. Documents from both the UN and VRS provide distinct viewpoints. UN records highlight the problems of an underprepared organization, while VRS testimony sheds light on the organized nature of the genocide. Through an analysis of daily UN reports and select testimony from VRS members at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), this paper argues that the shortcomings of international intervention and the deliberate, organized actions of the VRS were crucial factors in enabling the genocide at Srebrenica, shedding light on both the failures of the global community and the calculated strategies employed by those responsible.

Clan Culture dalam Organisasi: Studi Fenomenologi di Organisasi Jasa Ketenagalistrikan di Jawa Tengah

Organizational success cannot be separated from the work culture that develops in the organization. Clan culture is a culture that thrives in a work environment with a communicative and collaborative emphasis. Clan culture prioritizes deliberation for consensus because it prioritizes communication with family closeness or people who are closer. However, not all Clan cultures can be applied in all organizations such as in companies that are on an international scale. Because international-level companies prioritize the nature of professionalism and expertise in their field. The focus of the research was carried out in organizations engaged in electricity services in Central Java. The research method uses the phenomenological method. To obtain research results, researchers dig up information through interviews and observations at research locations. The interviews were conducted using a semi-structured method and succeeded in interviewing a number of 8 informants in several regional offices in Central Java. The results of the study show that the organizational character of the Clan culture approach reflects organizational members who are innovative, collaborative, and close in terms of communication so as to be able to support the creation of organizational goals.

РУХ ПРОТИ ЯДЕРНОЇ ЕНЕРГЕТИКИ У США: ВІД АВАРІЇ НА ТРИ-МАЙЛ-АЙЛЕНД ДО ЧОРНОБИЛЬСЬКОЇ КАТАСТРОФИ

The purpose of the research is to highlight the formation and development of the movement against nuclear energy in the USA in the 1970s and 1980s. The research methodology is based on the principle of historicism and problem-chronological and complex approaches. We used the following methods: historical and systemic – in the process of considering the movement against nuclear energy in the USA as an integrated part of the social activity of the American public in the period of the 1970s – 1980s; historical-chronological – to identify features and changes in the dynamics of the movement against atomic energy; problem-genetic – in the study of the impact on the movement of key incidents in atomic energy; comparative – to establish common and different forms, character and activity of anti-nuclear power protest organizations in the USA. The scientific novelty of the article. For the first time in Ukrainian historiography, an attempt was made to investigate the origins of the movement against nuclear energy in the USA, its dynamics and key events as one of the largest social phenomena of the country in the 1970s and 1980s. In the example of the Three Mile Island station district, the development of protest organizations and the strategy of rallying American society in the conditions of a radiation incident is traced; the impact of the Chornobyl disaster on the activation of the movement against nuclear energy in the USA was revealed. The article also shows the impact of anti-nuclear public activism on the social and political sphere of the USA. Conclusions. An organized movement against nuclear energy emerged in the mid-1970s as opposition to the development of the U.S. civilian nuclear program. The Three Mile Island incident in March 1979 undermined social confidence in the industry, fueling anti-nuclear activism. The Chornobyl disaster in Ukraine on April 26, 1986, mobilized and consolidated the movement against nuclear energy in the United States, finally halting the development of the industry for more than 30 years.

자원봉사센터 종사자의 LMX가 조직몰입을 매개로 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향 연구

Volunteer centers are non-profit organizations that pursue public interest and are an important foundation for the growth of civil society. Accordingly, the effect of LMX (leader-member exchange relationship) of volunteer center workers on organizational citizenship behavior by mediating organizational commitment was studied through this study. With the implementation of the Framework Act on Volunteer Activities in 2005, the establishment of an institutional system of volunteering has a significant meaning that the volunteer center has grown into a non-profit organization with an intermediate organizational character. Therefore, in order to study the impact of organizational citizenship behavior to improve the quality of volunteer center workers, a study was conducted on 519 paid employees who had worked at a volunteer center for at least 3 months. Descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, and structural equation model analysis were conducted as research methods. Several meaningful results were derived through the study, which are as follows. First, LMX had a positive (+) effect on emotional commitment and continuous commitment. However, LMX did not show an effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Second, emotional commitment and continuous commitment had a positive (+) effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Third, LMX influenced organizational citizenship behavior by mediating emotional commitment and continuous commitment. These research findings suggested the necessity of improving LMX and organizational culture to increase organizational commitment to improve organizational citizenship behavior of volunteer center workers.

Effect of shipping company demographic characteristics on cabotage vessel finance and repayment in Nigeria

The research examined the effect of shipping company demographic characteristics on cabotage vessel finance and repayment in Nigeria. The Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) have been concerned about the inability of the Ship Acquisition and Ship Building Fund (SASBF) beneficiaries to pay back disbursed loans fully, resulting in the suspension of further disbursement of the fund required for the development of Nigerian local content capacity. The Cabotage Act 2003 was intended for local content development of shipping and maritime logistics capacity. The fund realized through a 2% surcharge on cabotage trade has accrued since inception, but no shipowner has benefited from the CVFF loan. The study relied on both primary and secondary data. Data was collected through a well-structured questionnaire. The study utilized a Statistical Product Service Solution (SPSS v. 23) and a one-sample chi-square test as statistical tools for data analysis. The results reveal that demographic characteristics of shipping companies, such as age, number of vessels, number of employees and total annual revenue, significantly influence CVFF loan repayment. Purpose: To identify and analyze the shipping company demographic characteristics which influence cabotage vessel finance and repayment in Nigeria. The findings suggested practical steps for effective CVFF loan disbursement and reliable loan recovery. Methodology: The study utilized Statistical Product Service Solution (SPSS v. 23) and a one-sample chi-square test as statistical tools for data analysis. Results: The demographic characteristics of a shipping company, such as company age in years, number of employees, share capital, number of vessels and shipyards as well as the age of vessels and shipyards has a significant influence on her Character, Capacity, Credibility, Capital, Conditions, Collateral and Creditworthiness of the organization. Theoretical contribution: The research contributed to exploring, understanding, and applying the probability of credit default theory in shipping finance loan repayment. The demographic internal microeconomic organization Character, Capacity, Credibility, Capital, Conditions, Collateral and Creditworthiness significantly affects the ability of CVFF fund beneficiaries to repay the loans. Practical implications: Prospective borrower indigenous maritime operators should be duly and professionally evaluated to ensure sustainable cash flow and revenue projection during and after granting CVFF loans to guarantee complete repayment.

Three joint temperament-character configurations account for learning, personality and well-being: normative demographic findings in a representative national population.

A common practice in research and clinical practice is to use data considered representative of a target population to compare and understand the personality characteristics of specific groups or specific individuals. To this end, numerous studies have presented normative data for the temperament and character traits outlined in Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. However, recent genomic evidence demonstrates that human personality is organized as a complex hierarchy that ascends beyond the individual traits to multi-trait profiles that regulate emotional reactivity (temperament profiles) or goals and values (character profiles), and then to three phenotypic networks, which integrate temperament profiles and character profiles, that regulate learning. Given this recent understanding, our aim was to provide a novel and more comprehensive description of personality features at a societal level (using a stratified sample representative of the Portuguese population) by considering personality at its higher levels of complexity. Toward this goal, a stratified sample of 2,443 Portuguese adults responded to the Revised Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-R). We summarize the prevalence of (a) temperament profiles, (b) character profiles, and (c) integrated temperament-character networks within the whole sample, as well as for men vs. women and different age groups separately. Independent of age and education, women were more likely to be capable of resourceful productivity and helpful cooperation combined with being more intuitive, meditative and creative than men. Independent of age and gender, individuals with a degree were also more likely to present these biopsychosocial features. We also found that the organized character profile was most typical of adults in their 40s. Finally, the distribution of personality profiles across age differed as a function of gender: for men the oldest individuals had the most coherent personalities while high personality integration was most prevalent for women in their 30s. These results have strong implications for research and intervention. In particular, these results are relevant for understanding the epidemiology of interactions between personality, mental health and well-being, including their expressions in a national population as a function of demographic characteristics.

Changing face of public agencies in workplace conflict resolution: A six country study

AbstractThis six‐country study includes examination of the institutional context in which public agencies for conflict resolution operate; the internal and external pressures for change in the activities of these agencies, including the shift from collective to individual forms of workplace conflict; the extent to which the changes being introduced are altering the traditional organizational character or culture of these bodies; and the effects of the pandemic on how public agencies involved in conflict resolution carry out their work.

Cooperation between the police, the prosecutor’s office and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in combating organized criminal offenses related to smuggling, illegal trafficking of weapons and drugs, terrorism and illegal crossing of the state...

The article is a criminological study of the phenomenon of interaction between the police, the prosecutor’s office and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in countering organized criminal offenses related to smuggling, illegal trafficking of weapons and drugs, terrorism and illegal crossing of the state border of Ukraine. Based on the results of the research, the social danger of these phenomena in the conditions of war was characterized and outlined, the persons who commit them were highlighted, war was identified as the main factor of changes in the quantitative and qualitative parameters of crime.
 In the work, the distribution of measures for the prevention of organized criminal offenses related to smuggling, illegal trafficking of weapons and drugs, terrorism and illegal crossing of the state border of Ukraine and strategies for reducing opportunities for committing crimes was carried out.
 The study highlights the main directions and means of interaction between the police, the prosecutor’s office and the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine in combating offenses related to organized criminal offenses, related to smuggling, illegal trafficking of weapons and drugs, terrorism and illegal crossing of the state border of Ukraine.
 According to the results of the study, it is emphasized that the interaction between police units with the bodies of the State Border Service of Ukraine and the prosecutor’s office during the detection and termination of organized criminal offenses related to smuggling, illegal trafficking of weapons and drugs, terrorism and illegal crossing of the state border of Ukraine.
 The crime reduction strategy should be based on the application of a combination of public and non-public countermeasures; have a large-scale, complex, well-planned and organized character, aimed at reducing the level of these types of crime as a prerequisite for the existence of other antisocial manifestations.

Human Capital and Performance Management in the Albanian Public Organizations

Developing an effective, competent and forward-looking public service as well as strong but lean state institutions is one of the greatest challenges nations around the world face today. Researchers as well as governors have highlighted the central role of the human capital in the public services offer. Organization scientists have long considered human capital as a strategic asset that contributes to organizational effectiveness. Whereas the strategic importance of human capital has been widely studied in the case of for-profit organizations, measurement difficulties and the role of human capital in the public sector have received little attention. In a democratic, civil, postmodern society, one of the main tasks is the development of systems for managing the efficiency of human capital in the context of public administration, as a means of obtaining higher levels of labor productivity. Actually, it should be acknowledged that orienting the performance management system to support the attraction of new human potential in public administration at all levels can better achieve this efficiency in the utilization of human resources. In this context, a new approach to the human capital management process is being actualized, which includes employee engagement and key factors of employee engagement at every stage. Albania public administration organizations suffer a lack of flexibility in using the human capital management instruments in favor of a better individual and organizational performance because of the rigid legal framework under which it functions. On the other hand, the special character of the public administration organizations and the public services note the added value of the role of the public administrator. This study tends to bridge this gap on the literature on the importance of the human capital and its impact on the performance of the public organizations as well as to practically evaluate the influence of the human capital on the perceived performance of the Albanian public organizations.
 
 Received: 05 May 2022 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 20 May 2023

Siberian Exile and Its Reformation during Reign of Peter Great (XVII—XVIII)

The history of the formation and development of the Siberian criminal exile, the main link in the all-Russian system of execution of punishment in the Russian Empire during the 18th— 19th centuries is discussed in the article. It is shown that the exile to Siberia appeared already at the end of the 16th century, however, during this period, called “Moscow”, it did not yet have a proper organization. The study provides examples that convincingly prove that it was only under Peter I and thanks to his efforts that the Siberian exile began to acquire a legal and organized character, began to play an important role in the protective and punitive system of the state. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to comprehensively study the transformations of Peter the Great in the field of legal regulation of the system of hard labor and exile, which is shown on the example of Siberia in the 17th—18th centuries. It is shown that it was under Peter that criminal exile and hard labor became not only forms of punishment for criminals, but also the main way to use free labor in the construction of strategically important facilities for the country located on the borders of the Russian Empire.

KONFORMITAS DAN KOHESIVITAS SEBAGAI MANAJEMEN KOMUNIKASI ANTARBUDAYA WARGA TIONGHOA DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

The purpose of research is to know the cultural ethnic cohesiveness in the conformity of local wisdom, a study of social construction and management of intercultural communication among Chinese citizens in Bogor Regency. By using qualitative descriptive method and analysis, the several findings were obtained. First, in the Chinese Village of Inkopad-Inkopol, West Bogor, the cultural cohesiveness has been initiated since the colonial era, through a family approach. The conformity of local wisdom is shown by the involvement of ethnic Chinese in "abangan" Islamic worship. Second, in the Chinese Community Housing Cinere Depok, the cohesiveness is more visible on the socio-economic side. When the Chinese community shows their simplicity of living in a rural village, there is an interaction of closeness and togetherness. There is a kind of inclusiveness. The local cultural conformity is shown through the mixed of Chinese citizens in supporting social and cultural activities. Third, at the Wihara Amurwa Bhumi Cibinong, Chinese Ethnic Communication Forum, the Chinese are more dominant in showing their organizational character and ancestral culture that they continue to fight for. The cultural cohesiveness occured precisely in an exclusivity strategy. As a result, the exclusivity gave birth to uniqueness, which turned out to be a kind of tourist attraction for the surrounding community. This area is actually very well known for its ethnic performances.

SOASINT—Socially Assisted Intelligence: Polish Intelligence in Denmark during World War II

The phenomenon referred to as socially assisted intelligence (SOASINT) occurs when the work of ideologically motivated agents, mainly volunteers, becomes an indispensable or even dominant factor in the activities of a given intelligence network. Such “irregulars” come from different strata of the societies involved (including women) and fill gaps in the ranks and operational capabilities of professional, state intelligence services. In doing so, they change the character and culture of the entire organization. The text also raises questions about whether SOASINT can be considered a distinct discipline in intelligence research or simply a subcategory or separate doctrine in the framework of human intelligence with specific characteristics. The little-known history of Polish intelligence operations in Scandinavia during and after World War II serves as a model case study. However, intelligence by the Polish underground in the occupied country and France was conducted in a similar in vein. Furthermore, these cases will also be referred to in the text, drawing attention to the role of women in underground intelligence systems, which went from being auxiliary to—in some cases—dominant, which is most evident in the field of covert communications.

A Study on the Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Commitment Among Managerial Staff in Private Banks in Cochin

Abstract: The existence of organizations without human resource is, undoubtedly, next to impossible. The very character and integrity of organizations, its drive towards achieving its goals in an efficient and effective manner as well as its continued existence, depends entirely on the people that encompass it. Retaining talented human resource is the key to continued and sustainable development. This clearly points out the importance of commitment from the part of the employees as well as the employer. The concept of Perceived Organizational Support (POS), thus, plays a very vital role. According to social exchange theory, “the exchange relationship between two parties often goes beyond pure economic exchange and entails social exchange”. Likewise, Eisenberger et.al. (2001) argues that, “employer and employee exchange not only impersonal resources such as money, services, and information, but also socio - emotional resources like approval, respect, and support”. The theory of POS refers to ‘employees’ perceptions about the degree to which the organization cares about their well-being and values their contribution, to describe the social exchange relationship between the organization and its employees’ (Eisenberger et.al., 1986).

“Transformando Cruz em Encruzilhada”: Blocos Afro de Carnaval e a Produção de Espaços Negros em Belo Horizonte

Abstract In this theoretical essay, we set out to problematize Belo Horizonte from a racial point of view, in terms of processes of domination and resistance, by discussing the production of black spaces through Afro Carnival blocos. We begin with the production of Brazilian cities in relation to the issue of race, highlighting the extent to which this component of the enslavement of blacks and subsequent whitening practices makes cities spaces that are averse to the presence of blacks from the moment of their creation. We then turn to the specificities of Belo Horizonte, the planned capital of Minas Gerais, a symbol of the modernity and progress that was sought in the Brazilian Republic. This debate provides an important backdrop for the discussion of black resistance in the city, which produces spaces of encounter, from a crossroads perspective that can contribute to the spatial turn in Organizational Studies. The main conclusions point to black resistance organizations such as the Angola Janga Afro bloco and Kandandu as a field of possibilities. This recognizes that on the other side of segregation, there are forms of (re)existence of black people, who struggle to be part of this city, while at the same time seeking to strengthen their Afro-diasporic identity and culture. In addition to highlighting their organizational character, these manifestations use aesthetic elements and place black people in a place of (re)existence that signals their right to occupy the city for leisure as well as to produce and reinforce black identities.

Gendered Organizations as Heterosexualized Organizations: The Case of Housing, Roommate, and Visitation Policies at Christian Colleges and Universities

Gendered organization theory highlights the gendered character of organizations. Recent extensions of gendered organization theory show that gendered organizations are simultaneously racialized, cisgendered, and classed. However, prominent studies in this literature downplay the importance of sexuality to gendered organizations. Building on recent critiques of gendered organization theory, and innovating with the concept of heterosexualized organizations, the authors assess whether some Christian colleges and universities’ heteronormative belief that all students are (or should be) heterosexual is linked to their decision to maintain gendered housing, roommate, and visitation policies. Through logistic regression analyses of residence life policies across 609 Christian colleges and universities, the authors find that schools that maintain bans on so-called homosexual behavior tend to also maintain gendered residence life policies. This suggests that many gendered organizations are also heterosexualized organizations. Our study holds important implications for theories of organizational inequalities, as well as for research on gender, sexuality, and higher education.

MODELS THE COMPETITIVE UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE : A CASE STUDY AT ISLAMIC MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF EAST BORNEO

Good university governance is expected to increase the public image which leads to promoting credibility and public participation in the role of the university. Some roles expected by society from universities are to give qualified education, develop research, transfer knowledge, culture, and technology and promote the economy within society. Continuous improvement enables universities to always increase their quality to become highly competitive. This study aims to develop strategic models for competitive university governance at the Muhammadiyah Islamic University of East Borneo. The qualitative approach with a Case study type was used in this research. The data were collected through depth-interview, participation observation, and document study. The findings concerning the strategic model of the competitive university governance characteristics were interrelated, as follows: 1). Internal Quality Factors: the Personal Character Building by developing caring spirituality, awareness, and total action in which all came from the conscience (honesty, responsibility, visionary, discipline, cooperation, just and caring. 2) External Quality Factors: the Quality Culture and IT-based organization by developing vision, mission, and organizational character, excellent leadership, stakeholder, Good University Governance management, the national standard university, Quality assurance, and creative innovation. 3) Outcome: Achieving the University Index, achieving the university roles, the graduate's competence, and consumer satisfaction, hence achieving a competitive university.

Politics of Development in Bundelkhand Region of Northern India: Analysing Role of (Un)Civil Society

This study is an attempt to understand how development politics followed by the civil society organisations (CSOs) (with special reference to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in India can be analysed in view of the social character of such organisations. The findings of this study are based on field work conducted in the northern Indian region of Bundelkhand. Bundelkhand is an economically underdeveloped, poverty ridden and draught-prone region located in the northern states of Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Madhya Pradesh (MP). The region suffers from deep-rooted social hierarchies and discrimination based on caste. Prevalence of such conditions of underdevelopment has also resulted in the emergence of vibrant CSOs in the region. However, the developmental agenda pursued by these organisations is largely confined to the questions of economic development including poverty alleviation, distribution of benefits of various state policies or raising concerns of depletion of natural resources especially of water scarcity. Larger structural questions of social justice, inclusion or participation of socially marginalised groups, especially of the scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST), have not received adequate attention in the agenda of most of these organisations. This study attempts to argue that what can explain this non-political nature of developmental agenda pursued by these CSOs is the social character of their leadership. A major reason behind the question of representation of social marginalised groups not being the core agenda of development is the continued dominance of social and economically dominant castes in managing these organisations. Though these groups do raise concerns of social equality and justice, it does not form the core agenda of development of the region. The state machinery or international aid agencies continue to work with the dominant sections as the agenda setters, while the representatives of marginalised communities continue to function at the margins of developmental agenda for the region.