Basic Organization Research Articles

THE ADMINISTRATIVE JUSTICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AS AN INSTRUMENT AND SUPPORT OF THE HEARING STATE

As we know, administrative justice is a kind of legal institution of judicial protection necessary to restore violated subjective rights, freedoms of citizens, legitimate interests of legal entities and other organizations by monitoring compliance with the law-abiding state in the public administration system, a special procedure for consideration and resolution of administrative and legal disputes arising from managerial relations. Administrative justice is aimed at ensuring the adoption of legally sound, timely, fair and understandable decisions in cases concerning the rights of people. Administrative justice ensures the rights of citizens in the administrative process. Finally, administrative justice has a great impact on the quality of public services and fair treatment of citizens. The process of making administrative decisions, there is a balance between issues of efficiency, regularity and the mechanical application of existing rules. Of course, the improvement of any social system is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence and functioning of the system by itself. In general, the entire justice system is increasingly revealing the failure of efforts to protect the law-abiding state on the previous regulatory and organizational basis, legislative acts adopted in recent years in the legal field.

How does temporal leadership affect unethical pro-organizational behavior? The roles of emotional exhaustion and job complexity

PurposeUnethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) harms organizations’ long-term development; hence, all sectors of society view it as highly concerning. Optimizing leadership and curbing this behavior is a key managerial challenge. This study takes the relationship between temporal leadership and UPB as its object and examines the direct and indirect paths of temporal leadership’s influence on UPB based on the conservation of resources theory. It further dissects the mediating mechanism of emotional exhaustion and the regulating mechanism of job complexity and constructs the mechanism through which temporal leadership affects UPB.Design/methodology/approachData gathered from a sample of 380 employees in 24 provinces and cities were employed for empirical testing using validated factor analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, and a bootstrap method.FindingsThe results show that temporal leadership inhibits UPB, while emotional exhaustion partially mediates the relationship between temporal leadership and UPB. That is, temporal leadership inhibits pro-organizational unethical behavior by alleviating emotional exhaustion. In addition, job complexity negatively moderates the relationship between emotional exhaustion and UPB and positively moderates the mediating role of emotional exhaustion between temporal leadership and UPB.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, although the data used in the study were collected at two different times, they were obtained through self-assessment; therefore, the subjective component and the potential problem of common method bias is evident. Second, the study’s sample size and types of respondents are limited.Practical implications1. This study found that temporal leadership can inhibit UPB by reducing employee emotional exhaustion. Therefore, organizations should place greater emphasis on the time factor. 2. In terms of emotional factors, organizations should actively focus on the impact of emotional exhaustion on employees' UPBs. 3. In management practice, managers should adjust their leadership modeling behaviors according to the different degrees of job complexity to replace UPBs with conscious and rational behaviors.Social implicationsThe study reveals how temporal leadership affects UPB and provides a theoretical basis for organizations to mitigate employees' UPB by optimizing their leadership style.Originality/valueCurrent research on temporal leadership primarily focuses on the positive predictive effects on individual behaviors and attitudes (Zhang and Ling, 2016), but neglects its effects on negative behaviors. This study’s results complement research on the relationship between temporal leadership and employees' negative behaviors and responds to the call by Zhang and Ling (2015) to conduct research related to temporal leadership in China. On the other hand, current research on employees’ UPB largely focuses on its causative factors, while less research has been conducted on the disincentives for UPB, which to some extent limits systematic and sound research on UPB.

Development and Implementation of an Integrated Standard e-Prescription Model in Alignment with Iranian National EHR.

The implementation of an Electronic Prescribing (EP) system offers numerous advantages in enhancing the efficiency of prescribing practices. To ensure successful implementation, a comprehensive understanding of the workflow in paper-based prescribing is crucial. In Iran, the Ministry of Health, and Medical Education (MOHME) has been actively involved in developing an EP system since 2011. The pilot results within MOHME have garnered significant support from all basic insurance organizations, primarily due to the importance of addressing financial considerations. As a result, these insurance organizations have taken the lead in the national development of the EP system, as responsibilities have shifted. The development of an Integrated Care Electronic Health Record (ICEHR or EHR) and the approach adopted by MOHME have paved the way for the creation of a standardized set of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) based on openEHR and ISO13606 standards. These APIs facilitate the secure transfer of consolidated data from the EP systems, stored in the data warehouses of basic insurance organizations, to the Iranian EHR. This model follows an ICEHR architecture that emphasizes the transmission of this information to the Iranian EHR. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the various aspects and accomplishments related to these developments.

Activity-driven chromatin organization during interphase: Compaction, segregation, and entanglement suppression

In mammalian cells, the cohesin protein complex is believed to translocate along chromatin during interphase to form dynamic loops through a process called active loop extrusion. Chromosome conformation capture and imaging experiments have suggested that chromatin adopts a compact structure with limited interpenetration between chromosomes and between chromosomal sections. We developed a theory demonstrating that active loop extrusion causes the apparent fractal dimension of chromatin to cross-over between two and four at contour lengths on the order of 30 kilo-base pairs. The anomalously high fractal dimension [Formula: see text] is due to the inability of extruded loops to fully relax during active extrusion. Compaction on longer contour length scales extends within topologically associated domains (TADs), facilitating gene regulation by distal elements. Extrusion-induced compaction segregates TADs such that overlaps between TADs are reduced to less than 35% and increases the entanglement strand of chromatin by up to a factor of 50 to several Mega-base pairs. Furthermore, active loop extrusion couples cohesin motion to chromatin conformations formed by previously extruding cohesins and causes the mean square displacement of chromatin loci during lag times ([Formula: see text]) longer than tens of minutes to be proportional to [Formula: see text]. We validate our results with hybrid molecular dynamics-Monte Carlo simulations and show that our theory is consistent with experimental data. This work provides a theoretical basis for the compact organization of interphase chromatin, explaining the physical reason for TAD segregation and suppression of chromatin entanglements which contribute to efficient gene regulation.

Challenges of disaster risk communication from the perspectives of experts and affected people: A conventional content analysis

Effective risk communication is essential for disaster risk management. It is necessary to understand the present contextual factors to select appropriate strategies to enhance risk communication. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the factors that create challenges for risk communication in Iran. Using a qualitative methodology, this research included 25 managers, rescuers, and event survivors with prior experience responding to disasters. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis. Data analysis resulted in the identification of four categories and eleven subcategories related to the factors that facilitated the formation of challenging risk communication. These categories include distrust (distrust in public warnings, public distrust in relief organizations), ineffective information dissemination (ineffective informing authority, irresponsible dissemination of information, negligence in information transparency), insufficient educational communication (limited training capacity, universal education restriction, extensive educational infrastructure), and uncertain warning messages (uncertain content of warning messages, alert channels diversity, delayed warning messages). Multiple contextual elements thus contribute to ineffectual risk communication, the most significant of which is diminished public confidence in relief organizations. Identifying these factors provides a basis for relief organizations to anticipate and plan long-term strategies to improve communication between relief organizations and the public, thereby increasing the preparedness of individuals for disaster response.

INTERACTION BETWEEN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THE POLICE IN ENSURING THE VITAL FUNCTIONS OF THE REGION AND CREATING A SECURE ENVIRONMENT UNDER MARTIAL LAW: LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

The article applies a scientific and methodological approach to the analysis of the regulatory framework, forms of interaction between local self-government bodies and the police in the area of ensuring the vital functions of the region and creating a safe environment under martial law, as well as the state of their economic support, and as a result, suggested areas for their improvement. The purpose of the study is to clarify the legal, economic and organisational bases of interaction between local self-government bodies and the police in the area of ensuring the vital activity of the region and creating a safe environment under martial law. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method, the application of which allowed to comprehensively reveal the nature of forms and methods of interaction between local self-government bodies and the police. Results. The study has shown that the key areas for improving cooperation between local governments and the police in areas close to military operations are as follows: creation of voluntary public order units that, together with the police, can be used by citizens to protect public order in streets, parks, squares and adjacent areas in the evening; establishment of police cooperation with the security services of strategic enterprises (energy and life support facilities) to identify persons who control the aggressor's weapons and energy and life support facilities from among the employees of these enterprises; monitoring the state of lighting of road infrastructure facilities and contacting the relevant local authorities to install additional lighting at night; surveillance of public places and other objects of citizens' life that are not under the supervision of police video observation systems; involvement of additional law enforcement forces in patrolling public places (including officers and cadets of departmental institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other agencies) who have the appropriate skills and permits for such activities; development of an effective system of local financial distribution, taking into account the balance between ensuring the economic development of the region by creating appropriate conditions for business, sufficient social security, education and health care, and creating a system of defence capability and ensuring a safe environment for citizens.

Организационно-правовые основы управления профессиональным психологическим отбором в войсках национальной гвардии России

<p style="text-align: justify;">A study of organizational and legal foundations of the management of professional psychological selection in the National Guard has been carried out, which is a very relevant task. The significance of the problem of cognition of its objective characteristics is determined by the specifics of the professional activity of servicemen and the social significance of their tasks. The management of this selection has its own organizational and legal foundations, which requires their scientific conceptualization and a disclosure of their characteristics, since such attempts have not yet been made in scientific literature. The authors used the theoretical provisions of an integrated approach towards the study of a person, methods of comparative legal research, as well as various analytical, regulatory, legal, organizational and managerial materials. The authors identified and substantiated a multi-level system for managing professional psychological selection in the troops of the National Guard of Russia, its regulatory and organizational basis. Revealing the features of managerial activities for the implementation of professional psychological selection measures, its organizational structure and main characteristics are analyzed in detail.</p>

Ранняя помощь: ресурсы и возможности психолого-педагогической поддержки ребенка и его семьи в Ярославской области

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives. </strong>Timely and properly organized comprehensive care for young children is able to prevent the appearance of secondary deviations in child development and ensure the effectiveness of corrective and developmental impact. The results of a monitoring that was organized in the Yaroslavl region of the Russian Federation to assess the need of families in childhood early care activities for the correction and prevention of possible disorders are analyzed and summarized. The organization of activities to provide early psychological and pedagogical assistance to children and their families is presented.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods. </strong>956 families with young children living in the Yaroslavl region took part in the survey. The age of the parents is from 23 to 37 years old. During the monitoring, the activities of basic organizations for the provision of psychological and pedagogical assistance to children from birth to three years old were studied, according to the following indicators: the quantitative and nosological representation of young children, the psychological and pedagogical support of young children and their parents, staffing in basic organizations providing early help services.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Results. </strong>In 2023, early help was provided to 1174 children and their families in 140 early help services established in the regional education system, in 2022, early care was provided to 1235 children of the target group, which may be due to a slight decrease in the birth rate in the Yaroslavl region. According to the data of the psychological, medical and pedagogical commissions, 2,598 children from birth to three years old underwent a comprehensive examination in 2023, which is 24% more than the number of young children examined in 2022. Comprehensive psychological, medical and pedagogical support of young children is provided by 460 specialists of various profiles. In the process of psychological and pedagogical support, 1,283 events were held with young children and their parents.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The study reflects that the difficulties of providing early care in educational organizations are due to the interdepartmental fragmentation of early care institutions, the insufficient implementation of the practice of home visits, accompanying a child in natural life situations, and the low representation of medical workers in the early care system. The factors contributing to the improvement of the results of psychological and pedagogical support of a child with disabilities and his family have been established: interdisciplinarity in the organization of early care; support of the child in natural life conditions; screening-diagnostics; remote counseling.</p>

Формирование норм административного законодательства, регламентирующего информационное обеспечение деятельности органов внутренних дел Российской Федерации

The article discusses the issues of information support for internal affairs bodies in the USSR and in Russia until 2010. The article analyzes the systematic work on police informatization carried out in the USSR in the period from the 1960s to 1991. The analysis of the main conceptual documents that became the basis for the development of information support for the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 2010 is also carried out. The tasks that were set in the Concept of information support for Internal Affairs bodies from 1993 are considered, and attention is focused on the creation of integrated databases and databases of internal affairs bodies. The article also analyzes the development of information support for the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which was carried out within the framework of the Federal Program of the Russian Federation to strengthen the fight against crime for 1994 – 1995 and the Federal Target Program "Electronic Russia (2002 – 2010)". The tasks set by the Concept of development of the information and computing system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for 2002-2006 and aimed at creating a computer network of the Ministry are considered. The adoption of the Concept of Informatization of internal Affairs bodies until 2012 is also being considered. It is concluded that during the period under review, a technical and organizational basis was created for further improvement of the information support of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Awareness about basic life support among health science students at Duy Tan University

Objectives: To evaluate the level of awareness about basic life support among health science students at Duy Tan University and to identify associated factors with this awareness. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 244 2nd, 3rd, and 4th-year healthcare students at Duy Tan University from January to May 2023. A self- administered questionnaire was used to measure basic life support awareness. Results: The study found that 68.9% of students had a low level of basic life support awareness, 29.5% had an average level, and only 1.6% had a high level. Medical students exhibited a significantly higher mean basic life support awareness score compared to odonto-stomatology and nursing students (p < 0.05). Factors such as faculty of study, grade point average, previous basic life support participation, training organization, and voluntary basic life support implementation were significantly associated with basic life support awareness (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The awareness of basic life support among students at Duy Tan university is still low. There is a clear need to improve both knowledge and practical skill in basic life support for health science students.

Rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam, 2020–2022

ObjectiveWe conducted a descriptive analysis of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Vietnam’s two largest cities, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh city. MethodsAll patients with rifampicin resistant tuberculosis were recruited from Hanoi and surrounding provinces between 2020 and 2022. Additional patients were recruited from Ho Chi Minh city over the same time period. Demographic data were recorded from all patients, and samples collected, cultured, whole genome sequenced and analysed for drug resistance mutations. Genomic susceptibility predictions were made on the basis of the World Health Organization’s catalogue of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with drug resistance, version 2. Comparisons were made against phenotypic drug susceptibility test results where these were available. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for previous episodes of tuberculosis. Results233/265 sequenced isolates were of sufficient quality for analysis, 146 (63 %) from Ho Chi Minh City and 87 (37 %) from Hanoi. 198 (85 %) were lineage 2, 20 (9 %) were lineage 4, and 15 (6 %) were lineage 1. 17/211 (8 %) for whom HIV status was known were infected, and 109/214 (51 %) patients had had a previous episode of tuberculosis. The main risk factor for a previous episode was HIV infection (odds ratio 5.1 (95 % confidence interval 1.3–20.0); p = 0.021). Sensitivity for predicting first-line drug resistance from whole genome sequencing data was over 90 %, with the exception of pyrazinamide (85 %). For moxifloxacin and amikacin it was 50 % or less. Among rifampicin-resistant isolates, prevalence of resistance to each non-first-line drug was < 20 %. ConclusionsDrug resistance among most MDR-TB strains in Vietnam’s two largest cities is confined largely to first-line drugs. Living with HIV is the main risk factor among patients with MDR-TB for having had a previous episode of tuberculosis.

Intra-V1 functional networks and classification of observed stimuli.

Previous studies suggest that co-fluctuations in neural activity within V1 (measured with fMRI) carry information about observed stimuli, potentially reflecting various cognitive mechanisms. This study explores the neural sources shaping this information by using different fMRI preprocessing methods. The common response to stimuli shared by all individuals can be emphasized by using inter-subject correlations or de-emphasized by deconvolving the fMRI with hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) before calculating the correlations. The latter approach shifts the balance towards participant-idiosyncratic activity. Here, we used multivariate pattern analysis of intra-V1 correlation matrices to predict the Level or Shape of observed Navon letters employing the types of correlations described above. We assessed accuracy in inter-subject prediction of specific conjunctions of properties, and attempted intra-subject cross-classification of stimulus properties (i.e., prediction of one feature despite changes in the other). Weight maps from successful classifiers were projected onto the visual field. A control experiment investigated eye-movement patterns during stimuli presentation. All inter-subject classifiers accurately predicted the Level and Shape of specific observed stimuli. However, successful intra-subject cross-classification was achieved only for stimulus Level, but not Shape, regardless of preprocessing scheme. Weight maps for successful Level classification differed between inter-subject correlations and deconvolved correlations. The latter revealed asymmetries in visual field link strength that corresponded to known perceptual asymmetries. Post-hoc measurement of eyeball fMRI signals did not find differences in gaze between stimulus conditions, and a control experiment (with derived simulations) also suggested that eye movements do not explain the stimulus-related changes in V1 topology. Our findings indicate that both inter-subject common responses and participant-specific activity contribute to the information in intra-V1 co-fluctuations, albeit through distinct sub-networks. Deconvolution, that enhances subject-specific activity, highlighted interhemispheric links for Global stimuli. Further exploration of intra-V1 networks promises insights into the neural basis of attention and perceptual organization.

Application of Competency-based Approach in Upbringing and Educational Activities

As a result of the social development, which includes the formation of new information fields and forms of interaction, the discussions on what principles and components should form the basis of activities aimed at the education of young people, carried out at different levels of training and education on the basis of educational organizations, become particularly relevant. In this context, researchers have paid special attention to the competence-based approach, the essence of which is a comprehensive elaboration of young people’s skills and abilities that can be applied in the conditions of a dynamically developing society.The purpose of the work is to analyze existing forms of a competencybased approach to the building up of knowledge and skills of young people on the basis of educational organizations, as well as to develop recommendations for the further structure of the system of upbringing and education. The research was carried out using general scientific and special scientific tools such as the dialectical approach, methods of deduction and induction, as well as graphic interpretation.Methodology. The works of foreign and domestic scientific schools devoted to the study of methods for developing competences among young people at different stages of upbringing and education were used as sources.Results. The authors present a model for the development of social competence of young people and formulate recommendations aimed at further improving the quality of methods.

A machine learning framework for predicting weather impact on retail sales

The weather affects the sales of many retail products worldwide. As the weather becomes more erratic due to climate change, retail organizations must respond by incorporating weather information into their sales forecasting models. This study proposes a modeling framework for identifying, quantifying, and evaluating the use of weather information in forecasting models. The models are developed using several time-shifted weather features and machine-learning techniques. Our method is applied to a dataset encompassing individual products and product categories obtained from a large Canadian retail organization. We find that using weather information improves the accuracy of sales forecasts significantly, explaining up to an additional 47% of the variance for the individual products and up to an additional 56% for the product categories, on top of the variance explained by a baseline model. By analyzing the parameters of the trained models, we can also determine the importance and influence of each weather feature, including time-shifted features. Our research findings contribute to both the literature on forecasting in the retail sector and the decision-making of retail organizations. By comparing a model developed with and without weather information, the organization can better determine the value of weather in its planning. Customer expectations of future weather significantly influence sales and should be considered for future studies. Our work provides a basis for researchers and retail organizations to forecast sales of individual products using weather information.

“Communal News Work” as Sustainable Business Model: Recent Print-Centric News Start-Ups in Regional Queensland

The Covid-19 emergency in Australia precipitated the closure of dozens of print newspapers across Australia but, conversely, the heightened state of anxiety of the early Covid-19 period amplified the need for local information and communality. This was the impetus for a wave of print-centric newspaper start-ups. We previously examined 22 Covid-19 era start-ups in Queensland (see Barnes et al., 2022, p. 21–34) and found that their editors/publishers universally “reassert(ed) and claim(ed) more vigorously the normative values associated with community journalism as ‘social glue.’” These proprietors deployed an “affective rationale” as the foundation of their journalism and their “lean start-up” business models. We called this a “community cohesion model.” Returning to these start-ups 18 months after the Covid-19 pandemic restrictions were lifted in Queensland, we find that about 60% of these newspapers have continued operating, still drawing on deep wells of community support. They are transitioning to more conventional “newsonomics,” seeking—like the news organisations they replaced—to expand their advertising and raise other revenue, keep costs low, and expand their digital channels while remaining focussed on their core print offering. Drawing on in-depth interviews and editorial statements by editors/owners of these start-ups, as well as a close examination of advertising in the surviving newspapers, this study argues that adopting affective “hybrid” business models can be a basis for news organisations’ longer-term viability.

Legal basis for the territorial organization of public authority in Argentina

The article examines the approach of the Argentine legislator to determining the legal foundations of the territorial organization of public authority. The work analyzes the norms of the Argentine Constitution, the legislation of the constituent entities of the federation (provinces), materials of law enforcement practice and doctrinal sources. The types of public territorial entities in Argentina, the sources of legal regulation of their status, the influence of the peculiarities of the historical development of the Argentine state on modern approaches to the territorial organization of public authority are explored. Taking into account the federal nature of the Argentine state, the lack of comprehensive studies of the issue of territorial organization of public authority in Argentina, the experience of the studied country seems worthy of attention within the framework of the Russian science of municipal law. It has been established that Argentine legislation provides for the existence of obligatory and optional territorial entities whose status is distinguished, first of all, by the granting of political autonomy to the former. A special feature is the provision of exclusive competence to the provinces in terms of regulating the territorial and other foundations of the organization of municipal authority. When creating municipal territorial entities, provinces establish criteria for the formation of municipalities and also provide for their division into categories. The legal status of municipalities, depending on their classification into one category or another, may differ significantly, especially in terms of the existence of institutional autonomy. The experience of Argentina can be taken into account in the context of reforming the institution of local self-government in Russia.

Mesoscale organization of ventral and dorsal visual pathways in macaque monkey revealed by 7T fMRI

In human and nonhuman primate brains, columnar (mesoscale) organization has been demonstrated to underlie both lower and higher order aspects of visual information processing. Previous studies have focused on identifying functional preferences of mesoscale domains in specific areas; but there has been little understanding of how mesoscale domains may cooperatively respond to single visual stimuli across dorsal and ventral pathways. Here, we have developed ultrahigh-field 7 T fMRI methods to enable simultaneous mapping, in individual macaque monkeys, of response in both dorsal and ventral pathways to single simple color and motion stimuli. We provide the first evidence that anatomical V2 cytochrome oxidase-stained stripes are well aligned with fMRI maps of V2 stripes, settling a long-standing controversy. In the ventral pathway, a systematic array of paired color and luminance processing domains across V4 was revealed, suggesting a novel organization for surface information processing. In the dorsal pathway, in addition to high quality motion direction maps of MT, MST and V3A, alternating color and motion direction domains in V3 are revealed. As well, submillimeter motion domains were observed in peripheral LIPd and LIPv. In sum, our study provides a novel global snapshot of how mesoscale networks in the ventral and dorsal visual pathways form the organizational basis of visual objection recognition and vision for action.

Управление профессиональным развитием педагогов средствами конкурсов профессиональных достижений

The article analyzes modern approaches to managing the professional development of teachers by means of professional achievement competitions.&#x0D; The aim of the study is the theoretical substantiation, implementation and experimental verification of the model for managing the professional development of teachers through professional achievement competitions.&#x0D; The article describes the results of a study of the level of professional development of teachers using diagnostic methods "Assessing the level of teacher readiness for development" by V.I. Zvereva and N.V. Nemova, "Methodology for determining the level of self-development and professional and pedagogical activity" L.N. Berezhnova, "Methodology for assessing the basic competencies of a teacher" L.A. Adambayeva.&#x0D; The organizational and pedagogical conditions for managing the professional development of teachers by means of professional achievement competitions are presented: organization of advisory and methodological support for teachers in the process of preparing and participating in professional achievement competitions; creation of a system of moral and material incentives for teaching staff based on the results of participation in competitive events; organization of effective cooperative interaction between teachers - participants in competitions on the basis of an educational organization; creation of a "School of Personal Growth" for teachers participating in competitions of pedagogical achievements.

Organization of Somatosensory Cortex in the South American Rodent Paca (Cuniculus paca)

Introduction: The study of non-laboratory species has been part of a broader effort to establish the basic organization of the mammalian neocortex, as these species may provide unique insights relevant to cortical organization, function, and evolution. Methods: In the present study, the organization of three somatosensory cortical areas of the medium-sized (5–11 kg body mass) Amazonian rodent, the paca (Cuniculus paca), was determined using a combination of electrophysiological microelectrode mapping and histochemical techniques (cytochrome oxidase and NADPH diaphorase) in tangential sections. Results: Electrophysiological mapping revealed a somatotopically organized primary somatosensory cortical area (S1) located in the rostral parietal cortex with a characteristic foot-medial/head-lateral contralateral body surface representation similar to that found in other species. S1 was bordered laterally by two regions housing neurons responsive to tactile stimuli, presumably the secondary somatosensory (S2) and parietal ventral (PV) cortical areas that evinced a mirror-reversal representation (relative to S1) of the contralateral body surface. The limits of the putative primary visual (V1) and primary auditory (A1) cortical areas, as well as the complete representation of the contralateral body surface in S1, were determined indirectly by the histochemical stains. Like the barrel field described in small rodents, we identified a modular arrangement located in the face representation of S1. Conclusions: The relative location, somatotopic organization, and pattern of neuropil histochemical reactivity in the three paca somatosensory cortical areas investigated are similar to those described in other mammalian species, providing additional evidence of a common plan of organization for the somatosensory cortex in the rostral parietal cortex of mammals.

Strengthening Nationalism at the Indonesia-Malaysia Border Community through Civic Education, Case Study on Sebatik Island, Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province

This study aims to know, analyze, and formulate the strengthening of nationalism for the border community on Sebatik Island, Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province through citizenship education. Sebatik Island is one of Indonesia’s border areas located in Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province, which is directly adjacent to Sabah, Malaysia. The development gap between the country’s border areas shapes the attitudes and behaviors of Sebatik border communities, who have the preference to use foreign currency, consume foreign products, and have dual citizenship. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained from in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results showed that civic education in schools can contribute to strengthening nationalism through school-based civic education and community-based citizenship education which is carried out among others by lecture methods, socialization of national insight, habituation, field action, and involvement in basic military training organizations. The recommendations of this research can be used as a role model in strengthening the nationalism of Indonesian society, especially in border areas.&#x0D; Keywords: nationalism, border, Sebatik Island, civic education, citizenship education