Transport Organization Research Articles

The algorithm of organizational and technical environmental decisions development in transport organizations

The article is devoted to the development of an algorithm for making organizational and technical environmental decisions in transport organizations. The researched problem derives from ensuring the technological safety of transport production activities. Currently, there is a fragmentation of environmental and industrial policies of transport organizations, which leads to destructive consequences for the environment, as well as increases the costs of the enterprises. The authors of the article propose a new approach for bridging the divergence by creating a methodology for developing organizational and technical decisions that will be aimed at improving the efficiency of production activities and environmental safety at the same time. A morphological model of organizational and technical decision-making developed on the basis of a systematic approach is represented in the article. It includes such components of management as production processes, elements of production processes, transport impact components. An indicator of environmental risk by finding the average expert assessment adjusted for the qualification of experts, a criterion for making organizational and technical environmental decisions are developed on the basis of the model. The proposed algorithm allows us to apply the described principles of forming such decisions, to make environmental risk-based efficiency assessment by step-by-step verification of the compliance of the organizational and technical decisions parameters with the goals of environmental and industrial policies of transport organizations.

The Structural Relationship between Personnel’s Professional Skills, Internal Control System, and Efficiency of Supply Management of Transport Organization in Thailand

This research aimed to study: 1) the relationship between professional skills and the efficiency of supply management of public transport organization in Thailand and 2) the relationship between the internal control system and the efficiency of supply management of public transport organization in Thailand. A simple random sampling method was used to select supply officers from 267 out of 866 public transport organization in Thailand and the statistics tool used in the data analysis was Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results show that professional skills were correlated with the efficiency of supply management of public transport organization in Thailand at a high level (r = 0.728) at a statistically significant level of .05, the same was true for the internal control system which was also found to correlate with the efficiency of supply management of public transport organization in Thailand at a high level (r = 0.855) at a statistically significant level of .05. Therefore, the administrators of transport organization are recommended to increase the supply officers’ technical and functional skills and enhance the organization’s internal control system with an emphasis on strictly monitoring and evaluation.

ЛОГІСТИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНИХ СХЕМ ДОСТАВКИ ТОВАРІВ

Providing a proper level of logistics service is possible only with the constant improvement of the organization of multimodal transportation, which in turn is impossible without the use of high information technologies. Search for new markets and organization of multimodal transportation from cargo delivery to the consumer will increase the competitiveness of products and positively affect the financial condition of the enterprise. Perspective routes for the delivery of container cargoes from China to Europe are currently the corridors of the «silk path», which include land transportation of cargoes in container trains in Central Asia and the intersection of the Caspian and Black Seas by railway feres. In this regard, the development of technological solutions of multimodal transportation of products in the direction of Asia-Europe is relevant. The purpose of this article is to study theoretical and practical aspects, substantiation of practical recommendations for the logistics of multimodal transportation in global supply chains. For the implementation of economically grounded measures relating to the development of multimodal cargo delivery technologies, a comprehensive analytical study was conducted, regarding ways of organizing multimodal transportation, using universal containers, which allow to reduce the duration of loading and unloading works in transplant places and prevent losses and damage to the cargo in the process. Transportation and performance of freight operations. Many different job options for transportation routes allow professionals to make optimal choice. It is possible to evaluate routes by a set of basic criteria and evaluating their impact on the organization of logistics delivery route to China Europe. An analysis of international supplies of goods showed that one of the most effective ways of organizing international transportation is the use of multimodal delivery technologies that allow the most fully used advantage of various modes of transport on separate areas of the logistics chain. A set of basic criteria is proposed, which allows you to evaluate the overall delivery cost of transport, length of the route and the timing of delivery of goods using multimodal circuits. The calculation of total costs is carried out in the case of average tariffs for transportation, terminal processing, customs clearance. The delivery time is calculated taking into account the standards of transportation and loading and unloading works. The effectiveness of interaction in multimodal transportation depends on the readiness of partners to co-operation, based on understanding of its role in the supply chain.

Digitalization of Latin America’s transport and logistics industry within the «Industry 4.0» concept (4IR)

The issue of innovative development of Latin American countries in the paradigm of «Industry 4.0» is currently most acute. The article analyzes the main stages of development and modernization of digital solutions in the transport and logistics services. Due to the significant technological backwardness of the Latin America from other macroe-conomic regions and pronounced cross-country differentiation within the Latin American region itself, the need to introduce digitalization systems has become a priority at the government level. The significant fragmentation of digitalization within the transport and logistics industry of the Latin American region itself is also an important subject of present research. The article describes the main strategic advantages that are possible due to the digitalization: reduction of transport costs, formation of additional budget revenues, ensuring full control of the production and sales cycle, optimization of human resources, reduction of anthropogenic factors in the organization of transport and ware-house operations. Integration of digital solutions is a factor of economic well-being and a condition for technological and innovative survival. Cooperation between Latin American countries and the Russian side through the implementation of digital technologies, also in the segment of road cargo transportation, as well as public transport and improving road safety and speed control, seems very promising. This will strengthen Russia's bilateral cooperation with Latin American countries in the field of technological research and innovation, and indirectly strengthen their digital independence.

МЕТОДИКА РАСЧЁТА ДОСТАВКИ ГРУЗОВ ПУТЁМ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ СЕТИ

The purpose of the study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for calculating and testing it on the transportation of groupage cargoes in the cities of the Saratov region to confirm the reliability of the calculations. The methodology is necessary for the objective calculation of routes for the transportation of groupage cargo in the cities of the Saratov region. Materials and methods. The calculations of the organization of the transportation of groupage cargo were carried out according to the developed methodology. At the same time, data from trucking companies, wholesale depots, and the results of previous studies were used. The selection of the source material was carried out in three companies: Baikal-Service, Povolzhye-Express, and Komus. The experimental data were statistically processed in the AnyLogic program. Research results. The calculated values of new logistics routes for the transportation of groupage cargo by improving the transport network were compared with the results of the activities of the companies under study. The difference between the calculated and average actual values for all considered indicators exceeded 30%. Discussion and conclusion. By developing new tariffs for intracity and intercity delivery, optimizing the formula for calculating the new route, it was possible to increase profitability by 40%, which significantly increases both customer loyalty and the carrier's interest while increasing its own profit. The cost of transporting goods by road is constantly growing, against the backdrop of improving the organization of transportation. Only by exploring the transport network and solving new logistics problems can we optimize the pricing policy for the tariffs that are set by cargo owners. This leads to new ways of solving traffic routing, digitalization simplifies many processes, but without the human factor, when delivering long-distance traffic by cargo, everything is still indispensable.

The Fulfillment of Transported Products of a Container Operator Using Differentiated Block Train Length

This article formulates an approach to improving the existing system of organizing container shipping. Along with full-set container trains, it is proposed to form container block trains of differentiated ("floating") lengths in a technologically sound interval. The calculations of the economic efficiency of the departure of block trains with a length of 53, 55, 57 and 58 conventional cars are given. It is noted that the organization of transportation by short block - trains entails a relative saving of conditionally - constant ("independent") transportation costs.

Формування територіального кластера в молочній промисловості

The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis and generalization of cluster forms of cooperation of dairy industry enterprises, substantiating the expediency of forming a territorial cluster and determining its main participants. The theoretical basis of the research is the basic provisions of economic theory in terms of the forms of contractual relations of the participants of the interaction. The methodological basis of the research is the methods of generalization, systematization, comparison, and classification. As a result of the study, it was established that the goal of forming a territorial cluster is the sustainability of the resource potential of the necessary quantity and quality for the production of dairy products. The way to implement the defined goal is to support the development of peasant farming. Within the framework of the industry cluster, the goal of coordinating the actions of its participants in the dairy market, forming the horizontal integration of production chains creating added value, is implemented. The purpose of creating an innovation cluster is to ensure innovative leadership on the market and implement the import substitution policy. A sign of an agro-industrial cluster is the formation of complete closed cycles of dairy production, while the goal consists in comprehensive management of production and sales risks. The specified differences in the purposes of forming clusters determine the differences in the tasks implemented by the cluster, its structure, the system of interconnections, performance evaluation indicators, etc. Taking into account the set goal, the structure of the cluster is formed. The structure of the territorial cluster formed with the participation of dairy industry enterprises, farms, transport organizations, logistics structures, and banks will ensure economic, social, and regional effectiveness. The practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the formed structure and aggregated functions of the participants of the territorial cluster. The social consequences of the study are related to the possibilities of growth in the number of business entities and the level of employment in the region where the cluster is located. The originality of the research results lies in identifying differences in the purposes of cluster formation, the system of relationships, performance evaluation indicators, and the identification of prerequisites for creating a territorial cluster. Prospects for further research include the development of a methodology for assessing the level of balance in the implementation of the economic interests of all cluster participants.

Razvoj savremene špedicije u Srbiji - delatnost starija od Kneževine Srbije

For the first time, development of freight forwarding, as an economic activity in Serbia, is analysed in this paper. At the beginning, a brief literature review on the origin and evolution of freight forwarding is given, as well as the research motivation and goal. Currently, there is any study that systematically deals with the historical development of the freight forwarding in Serbia. The development of freight forwarding in the period before the Second World War is almost entirely unknown. The main goal of presented research is to highlight a long tradition of the freight forwarding in Serbia and significance of its exploring. An analysis of archival material available in the archives and libraries of the Republic of Serbia revealed that the first freight forwarding firms, engaged in some of the basic modern freight forwarding operations (custom brokerage, transport organization, storage of customs goods, etc.), were mentioned at the end of the XVIII century. Socio-political, economic, and other historical circumstances directly affected the characteristics of freight forwarding businesses and companies. The paper briefly describes the development of freight forwarding over the time through a description of the basic characteristics of freight forwarding companies (size, types of business, geographical distribution, and others) within the distinct periods from the XVIII to the XXI century.

Organizational and technological solutions for managing the processes of building transport systems using economic and mathematical methods

Purpose. The study analyzes the formation of indicators and criteria for the effectiveness (quality) of the use of certain modes of transport. A feature of this group of criteria is the same element base for all transport modes. The graphic and mathematical models for the development of a methodology for substantiating the economic efficiency of improving the certification system aimed at creating a database for predicting the inter-maintenance period of asphalt concrete pavements, the contradiction between the needs of the practice of the integrated use of the transport system and the state of the scientific and methodological base of the road industry are considered. Methods. Research has been carried out on the development of the concept of an integrated transport system for the judicious mix of general transport infrastructure using general scientific methods - system analysis, logical and mathematical modeling, systems theory, as well as methods of operations research, economic and mathematical methods, economic and visual modeling, research methods of operations. Results. Development of criteria for assessing intelligent systems of economic efficiency of the use of information modeling technology in the organization of construction production of transport systems (automobile and road complex). The necessity of the problem of efficiency criteria and restrictions is substantiated to be reduced to a system-target model based on the hierarchy of the structure of the transport system and the corresponding modeling of the reconstructed system of transport support goals, the contradiction between the needs of the practice of improving the certification system for the integrated use of the transport system and the state of the scientific and methodological base for predicting the inter-maintenance period of asphalt concrete pavements. The scientific task of developing methods and models of the economic efficiency of the organization and technology for the construction of access roads with asphalt concrete pavement during the preliminary construction period is being formed. Conclusion. The problem of assessing the quality and choosing a system of requirements for the technology of preparing any material in order to improve quality is one of the cardinal tasks of construction. Compliance with technical standards and technological regulations guarantees the quality of materials and constructions. The considered method of substantiating the economic efficiency of calculating the inter-maintenance period of asphalt concrete pavements includes: substantiation of the rational volume of samples from the standpoint of statistics to obtain reliable results; principle of forming a database for each parameter obtained during testing and inspection of specific construction sites and asphalt concrete plants (ACP); statistical method of data processing; substantiation of control time points for determining inter-maintenance periods; method of calculation based on the proposed methodology of time intervals, which will provide an opportunity to develop recommendations for its development in the interests of strengthening economic and environmental security. The results are described by a mathematical model in the form y(x)=a·ln(x)+b. The methodology allows balancing the interests of enterprises of the economy and citizens, transport organizations and enterprises with the interests of investors. These interests are often contradictory and even opposite. In similar situations, a system of state regulation is recommended for managing the joint activities of all participants in the functioning of the unified road transport system.

Mathematical Justification of the Optimal Option for Accelerated Cargo Transportation Organization

Today, among the main requirements of customers to the conditions of cargo transportation by rail is a shortened delivery time. In this regard, one of the most promising and sought-after areas of improvement in rail transportation is the organization of accelerated freight delivery services that can compete with road transportation both in terms of delivery speed and transportation cost, and in terms of departure regularity. However, the formation of an accelerated train requires a large batch of cargo, which is quite difficult to collect at a single departure station, and the accumulation of cargo for several days reduces the demand for accelerated delivery due to the irregularity of the train. To solve this problem, it is proposed to have stop-offs on the way of the train, replenishing the train with cars that require expedited delivery. In this case, the task is to choose the number of stops and the number of cars, comparing the income from the service and the cost of the stop, to maximize profits. This paper presents a mathematical model made by the authors, which describes the proposed method of transportation organization and provides comparing income and expenses components formed when implementing a train service with stop-offs on the way for the transfer of rolling stock, as well as the analysis of the studies carried out with its application.

Application of transport contracts and fulfillment of transport obligations in the civilistic paradigm

This article focuses on the notion of an ambiguous category such as the "transport contract". The difficulties in defining this concept are due to the fact that there is ambiguity in related concepts such as "carriage", "transport service" and "transport process". Purpose: To form a scientific understanding of the transport contract and the criteria to distinguish this concept from related contractual constructions. Methods: systematic approach, methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic. Particular scientific methods were used: comparative-legal and the method of legal norms interpretation. Results: Analysis of the positions of scientists and current civil legislation has shown that the transport contract is characterized by specific subject composition, connection with the transportation process and purposefulness. Conclusions: It is necessary to distinguish transport contracts from other contracts, in which one of the parties is a transport organization, in particular from the contract of lease of vehicles with crew. Despite the assertion of many scholars that the concept of a transport contract can only be used for scientific purposes, it is argued that the concept can also be used for practical purposes, for example, in the process of codification.

Logistic approach to the organization of urban passenger transportation

Logistic approach to the organization of urban passenger transportation

Survey of passenger flows in the sections of the road transport network (case study of Sochi, Russia)

The purpose of the work is to improve the public transport system of the city of Sochi, Russia. The following methods were used: statistical surveys of passenger transportation by regular passenger transport routes, full-scale survey of passenger flows in the rolling stock of public transport, visual assessment of public transport services, questionnaire survey of passenger correspondence, observation, accounting and analysis of traffic intensity and passenger flows, reporting and statistical analysis of the information received when processing an array of correspondence. The theoretical and methodological basis was the works of Russian scientists and practitioners in the field of planning and organization of urban transport. The information base was made up of cartographic and design materials, as well as the results of surveys of the current state of the public transport system in the city of Sochi. Regulatory documents and guidelines for accounting for passenger and traffic flows were used as an organizational and methodological basis.

ЛОГІСТИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД К ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ НЕЗБАЛАНСОВАНИХ ВАНТАЖНИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕНЬ НА ТРАНСПОРТНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ

This article describes the logistics approach, which through the use of transport technologies solves the problem of optimal organization of unbalanced transportation of goods on transport networks. This situation often arises when the volume of deliveries of goods from its suppliers exceeds the capacity of warehouses of its consumers. In this case, we are faced with the need to use intermediate points for the temporary storage of surplus cargo and as a consequence of a multi-stage transport task. The object of research is the process of freight management on transport networks. The purpose of the work is to study the peculiarities of decision-making on freight transport management on transport networks with the use of information technology. Research methods - the method of reducing the network representation of freight into a matrix model and the method of potentials to find the optimal plan of freight. The matrix of transport correspondence between suppliers, consumers and intermediate points is not set explicitly, but simply introduced a map of their location, ie the transport task is set using the transport network. With the help of the modified Dijkstra method, the shortest routes between suppliers and consumers of cargo are found on the transport network, as well as between them and intermediate points for temporary storage of excess cargo. The optimal plan of cargo transportation is calculated with the help of the designed software and tool complex, which combines the stage of reduction of the network representation of the scheme of cargo delivery to the tabular form and the stage of planning and further implementation of mass cargo transportation on the transport network. KEY WORDS: FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION, TRANSPORT NETWORK, MULTI-STAGE TRANSPORT TASK, OPTIMIZATION, SOFTWARE-INSTRUMENT COMP.

Arctic: sustainable development of the region and ensuring national security

Competition for access to resources in the modern world is often decisive in shaping the state policy of many countries. The clash of geopolitical and economic interests of various states, including those in the Arctic, leads to an aggravation of conflicts between them. The Arctic region, due to its unique natural resource, geopolitical and human potential, is certainly a zone of strategic interests of our country. To date, the most relevant are the problems of ensuring the state security of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, as well as ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, while maintaining a favorable state of the environment and its unique nature. An important role in this process is played by the formation of a comprehensive and balanced system of legal regulation both at the national and international and interstate levels. One of the urgent problems in ensuring the national security of Russia in the Arctic region is the completion of the process of establishing, in accordance with the norms of International Law, the limits of the extension of its sovereign rights to the spaces of the Arctic Ocean and its natural resources. The international legal consolidation of the borders of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is the basis for the implementation of the sovereign rights of our state on the Arctic shelf as one of the components of ensuring national security in the region. In the sustainable development of the Russian Arctic, one of the key tasks is the organization of sea cargo transportation along the Northern Sea Route under the control of the Russian Federation, as well as ensuring the competitiveness of this national transport artery in the world market. The issues of environmental protection and the unique Arctic nature that need to be addressed on a priority basis also seem to be a priority. Appropriate measures should be developed on the basis of advanced scientific achievements and implemented by all subjects of economic and other activities in the region.

The cost mechanism digital transformation in international freight transportation

The article deals with the issues of cost estimation in the implementation of international container transportation. The authors compare the organization of international container transportation in a unimodal and multimodal way. The proposed method of estimating the transport company’s transportation costs will reduce the costs of cargo delivery by international container transportation.

Обводнение отгонных пастбищ аридной зоны Республики Казахстан

The article deals with the issues of watering of pastures by desalination of mineralized drainage-discharge and groundwater for drinking water supply purposes. The methods of improving technological schemes for the utilization of brines after desalination in order to reduce its volume and obtain commercial salts are presented. The specific capital costs for the reverse osmosis installation option is Ks = 1202 rubles/m3 . Despite the higher specific indicators, the most acceptable option is the use of a mobile reverse osmosis plant for desalination of water and drinking water supply of summer pastures. In this case, the volume of drinking water for shepherd brigades is desalinated by alternately bypassing watering points and desalination on a mobile desalination plant. Tests of the reverse osmotic apparatus on natural groundwater of the sulfate-chloride-sodium and sulfate-carbonate-sodium type have shown a fairly reliable and stable desalination regime, with a change in pressure and the ratio of permeate and concentrate volumes at different concentrations of the source water. With an increase in the mineralization of the source water from 3.5 to 7 g/l and a corresponding increase in pressure, the mineralization of permeate is within acceptable limits (up to 1 g/l), and the volume of desalinated water decreases by 2-5% over time (the limit value is 15%). The application of the proposed technological scheme will make it possible to provide good-quality drinking water to shepherd brigades on summer pastures and dispose of the brines obtained during desalination without allowing environmental pollution. It can also be used in the organization of mass transportation of animals along cattle tracks to seasonal summer distant pastures, and in other arid zones of Kazakhstan.

Organization of Urban Transport; Environmental Approach on the Basis of Tricity Area

Organization of Urban Transport; Environmental Approach on the Basis of Tricity Area

ГОРОДСКОЙ АВТОМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ

Development of information technologies allows revising a concept of organization of modern urban transport and its control. Meanwhile, it is possible to eliminate and to reduce all urban passenger vehicles to a single transportation unit with nominal capacity called an infobus. The infobus is an unmanned electric car with small capacity (up to 30 passengers). On its basis the author has developed a design of an intelligent transportation system for mass transportation of passengers. This type of public transport is fully automatic and is designed for the increase of quality and flexibility of passenger traffic organization. Besides, it differs by significant economic benefits because its performance is approaching the performance of metro, but at the same time the infobus is characterized by lower cost of production and maintenance.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПАССАЖИРСКИХ ПЕРЕВОЗОК В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ПАССАЖИРОПОТОКА В ТЕЧЕНИИ ГОДА

The article discusses the current state of the organization of passenger transportation, which has a number of common problems, the solution of which is very relevant. The instability of passenger flows during the year, which is especially typical for the cities of the South of Russia during the summer holidays, causes an urgent need to reorganize the process of managing transport processes through the use of optimization solutions. The greatest efficiency in this case can be achieved through the use of an optimal system for managing transport services for the population of cities while ensuring the quality of the transportation process.