Abstract
The article deals with the issues of watering of pastures by desalination of mineralized drainage-discharge and groundwater for drinking water supply purposes. The methods of improving technological schemes for the utilization of brines after desalination in order to reduce its volume and obtain commercial salts are presented. The specific capital costs for the reverse osmosis installation option is Ks = 1202 rubles/m3 . Despite the higher specific indicators, the most acceptable option is the use of a mobile reverse osmosis plant for desalination of water and drinking water supply of summer pastures. In this case, the volume of drinking water for shepherd brigades is desalinated by alternately bypassing watering points and desalination on a mobile desalination plant. Tests of the reverse osmotic apparatus on natural groundwater of the sulfate-chloride-sodium and sulfate-carbonate-sodium type have shown a fairly reliable and stable desalination regime, with a change in pressure and the ratio of permeate and concentrate volumes at different concentrations of the source water. With an increase in the mineralization of the source water from 3.5 to 7 g/l and a corresponding increase in pressure, the mineralization of permeate is within acceptable limits (up to 1 g/l), and the volume of desalinated water decreases by 2-5% over time (the limit value is 15%). The application of the proposed technological scheme will make it possible to provide good-quality drinking water to shepherd brigades on summer pastures and dispose of the brines obtained during desalination without allowing environmental pollution. It can also be used in the organization of mass transportation of animals along cattle tracks to seasonal summer distant pastures, and in other arid zones of Kazakhstan.
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