Organization Of Scientific Work Research Articles

“It Won't Be So Expensive”: Approaches to the Organization of Scientific Work in the 1930s.

The article examines the change in approaches to stimulating and organizing scientific work during the years of Soviet industrialization. On the example the Central Commission for Improving the Life of Scientists and the Commission for Assistance to Scientists (since 1931) the author characterizes the transition from socio-economic support to stimulate collectivism and high rates of scientific output, especially actualized under Taylor's influence and during the years of the Stakhanov movement. The author concludes these changes affected the industrial culture of that time because of the ideas of the individual scientific work changed of the division of labor and providing production capacities of scientific collectives. Special attention is paid to the projects of organizing collective research – “auxiliary workshops” at scientific organizations. The research is based on the documents of the unpublished analytical report “On accelerating the pace of scientific work” and the materials of its discussion at the meeting of the Commission for Assistance to Scientists, identified in the State Archive of the Russian Federation.

Научно-исследовательская готовность преподавателей военных вузов как фактор повышения уровня подготовки высококвалифицированных специалистов

The use of new forms and methods of interaction between a teacher and a future officer in the modern educational process is due to their availability, quality and effectiveness. One of the main directions of the cadet’s educational activity is scientific work, which is based on the results of research conducted under the guidance of a teacher. The presented analysis of the guiding documents defining the criteria for the appointment of the teaching staff made it possible to establish the requirements for candidates and the specifics of their selection, in connection with which a problem was identified in the organization of scientific work for a novice teacher. Empirical data obtained during the monitoring of the scientific work of the faculty of the Perm Military Institute of Rosgvardiya for 2021 allowed us to determine its key indicators, which reflect all types of scientific work and have a point equivalent, depending on the level, type and personal contribution of the participant of scientific work.

ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ИГРОВЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ДЛЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ГОТОВНОСТИ СТУДЕНТОВ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА К ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ САМООРГАНИЗАЦИИ И САМООБРАЗОВАНИЮ

The article analyzes scientific sources and diagnostic experiment results in order to substantiate the relevance of the problem of forming the readiness of technical university students’ for professional self-organization and self-education, and proves the expediency of interpreting such readiness as an educational result formulated in the form of competence. The relationship between the concepts of ability and competence based on their structural similarity is presented. The substantiation of the use of game technologies in teaching higher mathematics to students of a technical university in order to form their ability to professional self-organization and self-education is given. Examples of business games aimed at developing the desire to master mathematical knowledge and methods of action necessary for professional activity, independent search for information, mastering professional competencies, qualities such as flexibility, rationality, quick thinking, as well as students' awareness of the role of scientific organization of educational work in improving its effectiveness; mastering the simplest methods of scientific organization of work in the process of educational research and self-education are offered. The content possibilities of traditional technical university disciplines such as "Higher Mathematics", "Linear Algebra", "Mathematical Analysis" for the development of business and intellectual games are argued. Game scenarios are made in the concept of activity and competence-oriented scientific approaches.

Approaches to management and digital hardware support of business processes of food facilities

The food industry is included in the process industries and is a strategically important sector of the Russian market economy, associated with processing, storage, distribution and marketing of products to consumers. The business processes of the studied industry are a form of communication and technological interaction of personnel to achieve the goals and objectives in the organization. In this industry with existing business models corresponding to their size, have different conditions for doing business, technical support for raw materials processing and the release of final products, availability or shortage of qualified personnel, different level, forms of support from state and municipal authorities. Building a process-oriented enterprise management structure concerns many traditional management approaches, however, many researchers suggest that with the development of digital economy technologies, many achievements of the scientific organization of work of domestic and foreign scientists. It should also be noted that any equipment has its own period of use, and many food industry enterprises in the Russian Federation have depreciation of production assets (more than 40%), unprofitability, insufficient support from regional and municipal authorities. As a result of these characteristics, the issue of ensuring the profitability of processing and marketing products, as well as ensuring that the needs of consumers are satisfied not only in the immediate environment, but also in other segments of the country's market, becomes acute for each head of the organization of the food industry, regardless of the size and form of ownership.

Levko Bykovskyi’s Training Concept of Library Specialists

Problem statement. Modern Ukrainian society is changing as a result of irreversible demographic, intellectual and cultural losses. The tasks of reconstruction and development of the country cause new challenges for the educational, scientific and industrial sectors. Resistance to Russian expansion requires innovations in information activities too. The transformation of the public role of library institutions is observed. There is a need to transform libraries into modern socio-cultural institutions that fully meet today’s requirements of a society. The key to successful changes in the library industry is the improvement of its staffing and effective innovative management. This, in turn, requires a thorough analysis of the national and global experience of librarians.
 The purpose of the research is to study the curricula on book studies, bibliography and librarianship, which were used in Librarianship higher course for librarians at the Warsaw Public Library.
 The methodology of this study is based on a complex approach, that combines both general scientific and problem-specific methods. Among them there are methods of systematization, data processing, terminological analysis, generalization, as well as logical, descriptive, historical-genetic, and retrospective ones.
 The results. The curricula on book studies, bibliography and librarianship, used in Librarianship higher course for librarians at the Warsaw Public Library, are concluded according to a single principle. Each course contains a curriculum and a thorough list of literary sources, as well as methodological recommendations on the scientific organization of work, ergonomics, etc. The curricula are divided into content modules and thematic blocks. The authors assume that mastering the proposed curricula was a sufficient basis for the successful professional implementation of the course graduate.
 The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive study of the dynamics of the library field development and the librarians training experience with the aim of borrowing the best elements of it into the modern educational process and abandoning unsuccessful methods.
 The practical significance lies in the attempt to focus attention on the training curricula for librarians at the Warsaw Public Library, developed by scientists of the Ukrainian diaspora, who in the period of the 20-30s of the XX century were the leaders of the library industry, since in the Soviet Union bibliography, like a number of similar educational courses, were in decline.
 Conclusions. The analyzed brochure, despite its small volume, is quite informative. Its author emphasizes the need to write a textbook on library science and at the same time points out its practical significance for the scientific studies of graduate students, the effective work of librarians and their managers. In addition to the idea of librarians at that time, the brochure indirectly gives us information about the life and activities of Ukrainians in emigration, as well as the level of development of the centers of Ukrainianism, in particular in the city of Kalisz, illustrates the relations between the scientific communities of the Ukrainian diaspora and post-Soviet Ukraine. Any scientific papers containing extensive bibliographic lists serve as reference points for scientific research activities since, unfortunately, library funds suffer irreversible losses after the horrors of war.

ІСТОРИЧНІ ПЕРЕДВІСНИКИ ПРОГРАМИ «ДЕРЖАВА У СМАРТФОНІ»: СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ ІНЖИНІРИНГ У РОЗРОБКАХ ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКОГО ІНСТИТУТУ ПРАЦІ (1921–1929)

<p><strong><em>The purpose </em></strong><em>of the research is to investigate the scientific achievements of the All-Ukrainian Institute of Labor (1921–1929) and to reproduce an objective picture of the development of the national school of social engineering.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> In the research process, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, historical and systemic analysis – for the study of scientific periodicals of the 20s of the 20th century and the identification of common constants in the scientific understanding of the stated problems; the social and communication approach and the historical and comparative method of evaluating historical facts made it possible to reproduce an objective panorama of the formation of the domestic school of social engineering.</em></p><p><strong><em>The results.</em></strong><em> The author convincingly argues that the scientific organization of labor was to become a multi-industry project and a state management program aimed at modernizing the industrial and administrative system of the new country. Representatives of the All-Ukrainian Institute of Labor in a fairly short time prepared a unique scientific foundation for state and industrial reforms and modeled an accurate, ergonomic image of a worker – a person who is able to feel comfortable not only in the new engineering and technical, but also in socio-political conditions. The author differentiates the concepts of «social engineering», «scientific management», «scientific organization of labor» and points to their scientific and applied specificity.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The article rehabilitates the unresearched scientific results of the All-Ukrainian Labor Institute; new historical facts of the development of Ukrainian periodicals are added to the scientific circulation.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical importance.</em></strong><em> The results of the article can be used in the educational process of a higher school, as well as in the reconstruction of an objective picture of the formation of the idea of Ukrainian statehood, based on scientific and technological principles. </em></p><p><strong><em>Key word</em></strong><em>s</em><strong><em>:</em></strong><em> </em><em>scientific organization of work, social and communication technologies, social engineering, propaganda, advertising, digital transformation.</em></p>

Scientific work organization of the technical profile students

This article deals with the issue of the technical profile students scientific work (SSW) organization in the P.S. Nakhimov BSHNS. The implementation of the ESW at the P.S. Nakhimov BSHNS is given in the form of reports to the conference CMSS and SMSS and the reports preparation that are published in the the CMSS and SMSS Cadets and Students Reports Collection at the Conference of the P.S. Nakhimov BSHNS. Preparation for this conference is carried out for 6 months and aims to increase the scientific training level of the specialists with higher professional education and identify talented young people for the subsequent replenishment of the university scientific and pedagogical staff. The reports are carried out in accordance with the curricula and programs. These reports contain elements of scientific research. Participation in research work helps students to comprehend the basics of their specialty, apply knowledge in solving practical problems, develops skills in working in research and production teams. In the process of carrying out educational research, students learn to work independently with scientific literature and systematize it, apply their knowledge in solving specific research tasks. The conference result was "Recommendations to the Student Heads Educational and Research Works of the BSHNS. Therefore, the main ESW goal is the self-realization of the student's personality based on the acquired research skills. Under the guidance of the supervisor (teacher), the student's personality develops in three directions: self-improvement, self-knowledge, and self-education. In the course of research activities, the following student qualities are acquired and developed: the skill of independent research activity; the skill of working with scientific and cognitive literature; initiative and creativity; use, expansion and deepening of subject knowledge; the skill of working together with the participants of the study; self-affirmation of students in this subject area, etc.

A Scholar of Late Soviet Times and His Labour: Working Conditions and Their Assessment

The article analyzes the features of the organization of the work of a researcher throughout the late Soviet period and its assessment. The paper is based on both published and deposited in the fund of the Institute of Sociological Research of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR sociological research, as well as transcripts of the Presidium of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. This source complex makes it possible to reconstruct the main features of the organization of the work of scientists in the 1960—1970s and allows us to conclude that an insufficiently high level of organization led to low scientific productivity. Especially serious problems were observed in the field of technical supply. In addition, surveys show low satisfaction with the organization of scientific work, especially in the age group of 30—40 years. It can be assumed that everyday troubles have become an important factor in reducing scientic optimism among the scientific and technical intelligentsia.

ОСНОВНІ ЗАСАДИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ НАУКОВОЇ РОБОТИ У НАЦІОНАЛЬНІЙ АКАДЕМІЇ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ

The main principles of management of the scientific and pedagogical (scientific) team in a higher military educational institution, which ensure the coherence and efficiency of the work of units and individual employees, are considered. Specific conditions for the activities of scientists and scientific units for the structures of the security and defense sector, which should be taken into account when planning scientific work, have been defined. Approaches to the organization of scientific work at a higher military educational institution, which arise from the need to conduct hostilities to repel armed aggression, are described. The priorities that should be taken into account when reviewing the subject of scientific research and the structure of indicators of the results of the scientific activity of scientific teams have been formulated. The expediency of ranking the forms of scientific work by importance in accordance with the actual conditions of functioning of a higher military educational institution is justified. A variant of the distribution of forms of scientific work according to their importance is proposed. The need for periodic review of the degree of significance of various forms of scientific work in relation to others in accordance with the current state of the system of scientific work in a higher military educational institution was noted. The rational sequence of obtaining various forms of scientific products based on the results of the scientific activity of the team is given. The primacy of scientific research in the form of research work as a basis for obtaining scientific products is noted. Approaches to the formation of a matrix of scientific problems and tasks, which will determine the sequence of their solution and contribute to increasing the effectiveness of scientific research in a higher military educational institution in a certain set of their directions, are outlined. The connection between the content of the matrix of scientific problems and tasks and the content of the matrix of practical problems and tasks is noted.

Scientific research of military medicine and training of scientific staff in its interests (to the 90th anniversary of the Department of Organization of Scientific Work and Training of Scientific-Pedagogical Staff of the Military Medical Academy)

The content of this article was presented in the form of a report at the International Military-Technical Forum Army-2021 and are devoted to the formation and the present day of the system of organizing scientific work in medicine. It is shown how medicine formed the attributes of science with a system of state scientific attestation, certain forms of scientific work and the system of establishing its organizational foundations with the formulation of tasks by control units for the development of specific directions in the interests of military medicine. The role in this paper of the scientific department of the Military Medical Academy and a brief outline of its history are described. Significant attention is paid to the current state of scientific work, its forms and types, the peculiarities of their functioning in modern conditions, as well as development prospects. Modern scientific ties, relationships with the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Military Innovative Technopolis Era and other ties with the crucial partners have been demonstrated. The specifications of the system of training scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel are given, starting with the system of the military scientific society of cadets and listeners to the election of members of the RAS. The role of military medical science in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is shown, as well as the prospects for the development of scientific practices of the Military Medical Academy (4 figs, bibliography: 6 refs).

PECULIARITIES OF APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING TECHNOLOGIES DURING STUDYING THE DISCIPLINE “LIFE SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY”

The possibility of applying innovative technologies, in particular the case method, during the study of “Life Safety and Health” in the educational process at the Lviv University of Trade and Economics is considered. The author's experience of using innovative technologies of problem analysis is presented. The method of case technologies has been proposed and implemented in the educational process and organization of scientific work of students learning the discipline “Life Safety and Health”, which promotes the development of creative potential and is interested for participants of the learning process via modeling real situations. Students forget the experience of public speaking, publish the results of their own research, receive performance appraisal. It is shown that the case method as an effective means of organizing educational process, allows to learn combined theoretical knowledge with the realization of life, activates cognitive interest in the studied discipline, promotes the development of research, communication and contributes to formation of creative decision-making skills. The obtained results confirm the need for purposeful scientific and methodological implementation of the case method in the educational process, which involves the creation of appropriate conditions for innovative search and innovative transformations in consciousness.

Методологічні положення сільського розвитку в контексті функціонування об’єднаних територіальних громад

The purpose of the article is the methodological substantiation of the economy of rural development of the united territorial communities on the basis of the system-active approach as a source and organization of scientific work. Research methods. Applied: the system-activity approach in the research methodology of the processes of cognition, practice and assessment of rural development; systematization of methodological approaches to the study of the processes of formation and economics of development of united territorial communities; the historical method - for building rural-forming models of rural development; methods of analysis and synthesis - to determine the types of rural economies by factor indicators; abstract-logical method - to substantiate the structure of the economic potential of rural development; program-targeted method - for managing rural development of territorial communities; structural-functional approach - for the algorithm for the implementation of the program-target method for the development of strategic directions for enhancing the development of the territorial community. Research result. The possibility of rural development of united territorial communities on the basis of improving the scientific base of their functioning and ensuring self-sufficiency is substantiated. Conceptually, the intensification of rural development focuses on the interaction of the object of study - the territorial and spatial basis of society, and the subject of study - the socio-economic system of management. Formed types of rural economies on the basis of agrocentrism contribute to overcoming poverty, and on the basis of diversification - to minimize the imbalance between rural and urban regions. Balanced rural development of UTC provides economic potential, which includes well-formed and involved production, labor, innovation, information, entrepreneurial, financial and social resources, opportunities and reserves. The formation and development of prospects for the balanced development of UTC is carried out on the basis of systemic, functional and program-targeted approaches. Scientific novelty. Rural-forming models of rural development have been formed. The methodological approaches of research of processes of functioning and development of rural territorial communities are systematized. The algorithm of use of the program-target method for management of rural development of the united territorial communities is offered. Practical significance. The methodology of research of rural development on the basis of system-activity approach and improved scientific base serves as a reference point for making rational organizational-administrative and socio-economic decisions on substantiation and choice of ways and directions of ensuring self-sufficiency of rural territorial communities. Tabl.: 2. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 32.

The organization of scientific research work in the system of continuing education

The article considers the place and role of the system of continuing education in modern society, its components and manifestations. Scientific research work is highlighted as a key component of the continuing education model. The article describes scientific research work within the framework of the “school-university” system and specific features of its organization as exemplified by the educational and scientific complex Kharkiv University of Humanities “People’s Ukrainian Academy”. The structural elements that effectuate the system of the organization of scientific research activities of all the participants in the educational process in “People’s Ukrainian Academy” are highlighted. The specific features and key achievements in the scientific work of Kharkiv University of Humanities “People’s Ukrainian Academy” — an educational and scientific complex of continuing education — are presented. The role of scientific schools and laboratories in the formation of scientific research work at the Academy, the mechanism of their formation and functioning as well as the peculiarities of scientific work at the Academy as an experimental educational institution that implements a social experiment at the regional level in accordance with the pressing challenges of our time have been pointed out. The influence of the system of the organization of scientific work in the system of continuing education on its effectiveness and involvement of all the participants in the educational process has been described.

The main causes of conflicts in higher educational institutions and the concept of their management

In the process of higher education, conflicts arise between leaders and professors, mainly due to the organization of the educational process, the organization of scientific work, the lack of good management of spiritual and educational work. The article discusses the main causes of conflicts in higher education institutions and the concept of their management. Conflicts between older professors and younger assistants are mainly due to the irresponsibility of young people, non-compliance with rules, lack of subordination to students, and shortcomings in the conduct of classes. It will be possible to solve this problem on the basis of regular evaluation at meetings of the department, the continuation of the tradition of "Teacher-Apprentice" with older qualified teachers, the organization of scientific seminars by qualified specialists.

Розвиток науки в Черкаському національному університеті імені Богдана Хмельницького (1990-ті – початок 2000-х рр.)

Розвиток науки в Черкаському національному університеті імені Богдана Хмельницького (1990-ті – початок 2000-х рр.)

ПОСТАНОВКА ЦЕЛИ И ЕЕ ДОСТИЖЕНИЕ КАК КРИТЕРИЙ НАУЧНОСТИ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ ГРАЖДАНСКОГО ПРАВА

Introduction: the article deals with the methodological problem of the meaning of the goal of civil law research. The author analyzes the dissertation abstracts from the point of view of goal setting, which were completed in different periods of the development of Russian civil law science, identifies the qualitative characteristics of the stages, and proves the connection of the achieved results with the researcher’s knowledge of the methodological methods of goal setting. Purpose: to show the value of goal setting in scientific research in general and in civil research in particular; to consider the relationship of goal setting with the achievement of specific scientific results on the examples of dissertations defended in the specialty 12.00.03; to justify the need to set as goals the fundamental problems associated with the identification of patterns of development of relations that are part of the subject of civil law regulation and the creation of effective mechanisms that mediate them. Methods: system-structural, system-functional, generalization, abstraction, analogy, logical, statistical, classification, legal modeling, comparative legal, forecasting, formal legal, historical. Results: civil methodology should take into account the importance of the goal in the organization of scientific work. Only a competent possession of goal setting skills can ultimately ensure the creation of scientifically-based mechanisms for effective impact of civil law norms on regulated social relations. Conclusions: 1) any science, including the science of civil law, is not only designed to study and describe existing problems, including legislative, doctrinal, and law enforcement. Research, in order to meet the criterion of scientific character, must attempt to identify the laws of development, both regulated relations and mechanisms that mediate them; 2) the significance of the goal in the development of science has been proven by outstanding philosophers. In addition, the very definition of science indicates that goal setting is one of its essential characteristics; 3) the analysis of the author’s abstracts of leading Russian tsivilists showed how the skilful setting of research goals helped to achieve them consistently, as well as to create a high-quality categorical apparatus of civil law science; 4) the analysis of modern dissertations showed that not all young researchers see the value of goal-setting and this methodological disadvantage is important for the author to eliminate.

УЧЕНЫЕ В СОВЕТСКОМ АТОМНОМ ПРОЕКТЕ: МЕЖДУ ПРИНУЖДЕНИЕМ И СВОБОДОЙ

Scientists of various specializations, status and citizenship took part in the Soviet atomic project, which required serious scientific research. Their scientific and organizational contribution has been described in scientific and popular publications. This paper considers the project’s social dimension, poorly reflected in the research literature. The chronology includes the period from 1945 to the second half of the 1950s. It was time between the beginning of the project’s active stage after a protracted start and its completion, when the main results had been achieved. Providing information on the scale of employment of scientists in the project, the article focuses on the question of how their work and life were built within the framework of this secret research. The study describes the specifics of scientists’ mobilization, explores restrictions, deprivations, threats and opportunities associated with their participation in the project; it also analyzes features of their dealing with authorities, the ratio between compulsion and trust, regime and freedom, stimulation and internal motivation, dependence and scientific autonomy. These aspects contribute to better understanding of the USSR atomic project phenomenon and its effectiveness, serve as a “magnifying glass” for observing the specifics of the scientific work organization, as well as the Soviet social space as a whole.

ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ И ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ДЛЯ ПЕРЕХОДА К БРИГАДНОЙ ФОРМЕ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ РАБОТЫ В ПЕРВИЧНОМ ЗВЕНЕ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ. АНАЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР НОРМАТИВНЫХ ДОКУМЕНТОВ

Significance. Recent years have seen an increasing interest in solutions related to the expended functions of nursing staff and their more active participation in care delivery. In general, expended functions of nursing staff brings positive results. It can be expected that a clear definition of the performed functions and areas of responsibility of each employee, including nursing staff, and organization of their cooperation could improve outcomes of care delivery. This approach corresponds to the team-based work organization - primary care delivery in our case. The purpose of the study: to conduct an analytical review of regulatory legal acts regarding distribution of functions between doctors and nurses in primary care delivery in line with their competences and the possibility of transition to a team-based work organization. Material and methods. Content analysis of the orders of the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation regulating organization of primary care delivery, professional and educational standards of employees providing primary medical and primary pre-medical care. Results. The range of various tasks of the district health care requires participation of employees with different qualifications. There is a logical need for a clear distribution of functions between doctors and nurses. This is especially important in case of an imbalance between the number of doctors and nurses. At the same time, the current documents regulating organization of primary care delivery, professional and educational standards make it possible to determine functions that can be delegated to nursing staff, thus creating grounds for the team-based organization of care delivery by primary medical and primary pre-medical care specialists. Conclusions. The educational standards include competencies that provide for the possible to expand responsibility of nursing staff in care delivery to the attached population. The possibility of distributing responsibility between employees working at the unit (therapeutic, pediatric, general medical practice) makes it possible to organize work on the basis of district teams. Transition of the team-based organization of work at the primary level meets the principles of scientific work organization and can be considered as a promising direction for primary care development in terms of compliance with conditions of specific territories and district care management. Scope of application: development of organizational models of primary care with expanded responsibilities of nursing staff and introduction of the team-based organization of care delivery to the attached population

Features of the Scientific Work Organization of Cadets at the Russian Language Department of the Military-Technical University

Features of the Scientific Work Organization of Cadets at the Russian Language Department of the Military-Technical University

Реформа французской системы организации научной деятельности: Сцилла и Харибда Французской Республики

Реформа французской системы организации научной деятельности: Сцилла и Харибда Французской Республики