Complexity Of Organization Research Articles

Macro talent management theorizing: transnational perspectives of the political economy of talent formation in the Arab Middle East

Challenging dominant Global North trajectories, we critically explore the complex terrain of global talent debates. We contribute new theoretical insights to the Macro Talent Management (MTM) field by examining the complexity of Talent Management (TM) through a transnational and political economy of skill formation lens. We provide a macro assessment of TM processes, at different scales (i.e. Local, National and Transnational) and explore the myriad partners in devising TM strategy that existing scholarship has not sufficiently examined. We explore the complexities of economic organization and highlight that TM theorising would benefit from spatialized accounts, and the politics of location in shaping TM logics and ideas, embedded in the geographies of transnational organizing. We take the Arab Middle East as a case in point to highlight the deficiency of current Macro Talent Management models and proffer a new multi-level model at global, national and local to reflect the dimensions of Talent Management realities in the Arab Middle East, and indeed other developing regions. We are driven by a concern that Talent Management theorization is rooted in a neoliberal ethic and rarely considers how the local becomes global, and how the global is articulated in the local.

Profiling analysts and actors in interaction: how behavioural aspects can positively affect the decision aid process

The behaviour of the actors in a decision aid process is determined by different factors, all of which have an impact on the effectiveness of the process and its results. A framework, originally created to document decision aid processes and to study the reasons for backward and forward cycles in the process, has been used to comparatively analyse several multi-criteria decision aid interventions. The study has led to the identification of three basic process typologies, in relation with some organisational and processual complexities and factors which, as behavioural aspects, have the main influence on the interaction between the analysts and actors of a decision aid process. The work is a proposal for the behavioral OR research agenda.

Complexity in Biological Organization: Deconstruction (and Subsequent Restating) of Key Concepts.

The “magic” word complexity evokes a multitude of meanings that obscure its real sense. Here we try and generate a bottom-up reconstruction of the deep sense of complexity by looking at the convergence of different features shared by complex systems. We specifically focus on complexity in biology but stressing the similarities with analogous features encountered in inanimate and artefactual systems in order to track an integrative path toward a new “mainstream” of science overcoming the actual fragmentation of scientific culture.

Biological Processes Highlighted in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the Sparkling Wines Elaboration.

Sparkling wines elaboration has been studied by several research groups, but this is the first report on analysis of biological processes according to the Gene Ontology terms (GO terms) and related to proteins expressed by yeast cells during the second fermentation of sparkling wines. This work provides a comprehensive study of the most relevant biological processes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae P29, a sparkling wine strain, during the second fermentation under two conditions (without and with endogenous CO2 overpressure) in the middle and the end of second fermentation. Consequently, a proteomic analysis with the OFFGEL fractionator and protein identification with LTQ Orbitrap XL coupled to HPLC were performed. The classification of biological processes was carried out using the tools provided by the Saccharomyces Genome Database. Results indicate that a greater number of biological processes were identified under condition without CO2 overpressure and in the middle of the fermentation versus the end of the second fermentation. The biological processes highlighted under condition without CO2 overpressure in the middle of the fermentation were involved in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolic processes and catabolic and biosynthetic processes. However, under CO2 overpressure, specific protein expression in response to stress, transport, translation, and chromosome organization and specific processes were not found. At the end of fermentation, there were higher specific processes under condition without CO2 overpressure; most were related to cell division, growth, biosynthetic process, and gene transcription resulting in increased cell viability in this condition. Under CO2 overpressure condition, the most representative processes were related to translation as tRNA metabolic process, chromosome organization, mRNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, and ribonucleoprotein complex assembly, probably in response to the stress caused by the hard fermentation conditions. Therefore, a broader knowledge of the adaptation of the yeast, and its behavior under typical conditions to produce sparkling wine, might improve and favor the wine industry and the selection of yeast for obtaining a high-quality wine.

PROTOCOL: Multiagency programmes with police as a partner for reducing radicalisation to violence.

Violent radicalisation is a complex problem, complicated by the lack of a clear terrorist profile and variation in the risk factors that predict violent extremism across individuals and groups (Campelo, Oppetit, Neau, Cohen, & Bronsard, 2018; Carlsson et al., 2020; Desmarais, Simons‐Rudolph, Brugh, Schilling, & Hoggan, 2017; Wolfowicz, Litmanovitz, Weisburd, & Hasisi, 2019). While models of understanding radicalisation vary (Borum, 2015; Christmann, 2012; Desmarais et al., 2017; Horgan, 2008; Koehler, 2017; Kruglanski, Belanger, & Gunaratna, 2019; Sarma, 2017), it is broadly defined as the process by which a person adopts extremist views and moves towards committing a violent act (Irwin, 2015; Jensen, Atwell Seate, & James, 2018). Radicalisation has been linked with individual and group engagement in terrorist attacks against innocent civilians (Wilner & Dubouloz, 2010), as well as individuals entering conflict zones to join formal extremist groups to engage in violent combat (Lindekilde, Bertelsen, & Stohl, 2016). As a result, radicalisation has become a key focus for counterterrorism and violence prevention interventions. The complex and varied nature of individuals' progression from radicalisation to violence presents challenges for designing and evaluating appropriate interventions and policy responses (Hafez & Mullins, 2015; Helmus et al., 2017; Horgan & Braddock, 2010; Horgan, 2008; Jensen et al., 2018; Kruglanski et al., 2019). This level of complexity has driven national counterterrorism policy agendas to adopt intersectoral and multiagency responses that aim to address various radicalisation processes and risks (Beutel & Weinberger, 2016). These multiagency responses often involve partnerships and collaborations between various different agencies and entities (Hardy, 2018), such as governmental agencies, private businesses, community organisations and service providers.

Unique organization of photosystem II supercomplexes and megacomplexes in Norway spruce

SUMMARYPhotosystem II (PSII) complexes are organized into large supercomplexes with variable amounts of light‐harvesting proteins (Lhcb). A typical PSII supercomplex in plants is formed by four trimers of Lhcb proteins (LHCII trimers), which are bound to the PSII core dimer via monomeric antenna proteins. However, the architecture of PSII supercomplexes in Norway spruce[Picea abies (L.) Karst.] is different, most likely due to a lack of two Lhcb proteins, Lhcb6 and Lhcb3. Interestingly, the spruce PSII supercomplex shares similar structural features with its counterpart in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [Kouřil et al. (2016) New Phytol. 210, 808–814]. Here we present a single‐particle electron microscopy study of isolated PSII supercomplexes from Norway spruce that revealed binding of a variable amount of LHCII trimers to the PSII core dimer at positions that have never been observed in any other plant species so far. The largest spruce PSII supercomplex, which was found to bind eight LHCII trimers, is even larger than the current largest known PSII supercomplex from C. reinhardtii. We have also shown that the spruce PSII supercomplexes can form various types of PSII megacomplexes, which were also identified in intact grana membranes. Some of these large PSII supercomplexes and megacomplexes were identified also in Pinus sylvestris, another representative of the Pinaceae family. The structural variability and complexity of LHCII organization in Pinaceae seems to be related to the absence of Lhcb6 and Lhcb3 in this family, and may be beneficial for the optimization of light‐harvesting under varying environmental conditions.

Macro Talent Management Theorizing: The Political Economy of Talent Formation in the Middle East

Challenging dominant Global North trajectories, we critically explore the complex terrain of global TM with the aim of expanding the boundaries of the MTM model by examining the complexity of GTM through a transnational and political economy of skill formation lens. We provide a macro assessment of TM processes, at different scales (i.e. National and Transnational) and explore the myriad partners in devising TM strategy that existing scholarship has not sufficiently examined. In sum, explorations of the complexities of economic organization, and unravelling new multiple forms of TM theorising would benefit from spatialized accounts, and the politics of location in shaping TM logics and ideas and the geographies of transnational organizations. We take the AME as a case in point to highlight the inadequacy of current MTM models and proffer multiple dimensions of TM realities in the Arab Middle East, and indeed other developing regions. We are driven by a concern that TM theorization is rooted in a neoliberal ethic and rarely consider how the local becomes global, and how the global is articulated in the local. Our endeavour therefore is to move beyond dominant TM scholarship that privileges MNCs and Global North logics, and reimagine new vistas for TM organization actors, and new TM conceptualizations in multiple locales/locations, in order show Global South perspectives of MTM.

Spatial control of nucleoporin condensation by fragile X‐related proteins

Nucleoporins (Nups) build highly organized nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) at the nuclear envelope (NE). Several Nups assemble into a sieve‐like hydrogel within the central channel of the NPCs. In the cytoplasm, the soluble Nups exist, but how their assembly is restricted to the NE is currently unknown. Here, we show that fragile X‐related protein 1 (FXR1) can interact with several Nups and facilitate their localization to the NE during interphase through a microtubule‐dependent mechanism. Downregulation of FXR1 or closely related orthologs FXR2 and fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) leads to the accumulation of cytoplasmic Nup condensates. Likewise, models of fragile X syndrome (FXS), characterized by a loss of FMRP, accumulate Nup granules. The Nup granule‐containing cells show defects in protein export, nuclear morphology and cell cycle progression. Our results reveal an unexpected role for the FXR protein family in the spatial regulation of nucleoporin condensation.

“The doctor was rude, the toilets are dirty. Utilizing ‘soft signals’ in the regulation of patient safety”

Modern healthcare systems are highly data- and evidence-driven. The use of indicators and other performance management devices, introduced by healthcare leaders and regulators to monitor performance and address patient safety matters, are just two examples. Research has shown that the wish to manage and address risks via measuring practices does not always do justice to the complexities of healthcare organization and delivery, for (patient) safety and quality are not only about measurable things. So, while recognized as valuable, there are calls that hard metrics must be supplemented with soft signals – generally known as qualitative or informal data – to gain a better representation of actual performance and tackle safety issues. With the aim to contribute to the theoretical notion that a dialogical approach to knowledge and information-management is a fruitful way to manage and address risks and problems in healthcare, this paper addresses the research question ‘What role do soft signals play in the assessment of patient safety risks and how are these signals employed in everyday regulatory practices?’ We draw from qualitative interviews, observations and document analyses in a multi-year (2015–2019) research project to show that soft signals are vital to everyday regulatory practices, as they provide context to ‘hard’ signals and help to make sense of and weigh risks. Based on these findings we encourage policy makers and regulatory bodies to start an active dialogue on their use of soft signals and develop work models and working routines for discussing them as well as their implications.

Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Mitochondrial Toxicants in a Human Cardiomyocyte Cell Line.

Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles that participate in important cellular processes, including bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling. Recent functional and proteomic studies have revealed the remarkable complexity of mitochondrial protein organization. Mitochondrial protein machineries with diverse functions such as protein translocation, respiration, metabolite transport, protein quality control and the control of membrane architecture interact with each other in dynamic networks. The goal of this study was to identify protein expression changes in a human cardiomyocyte cell line treated with several mitochondrial toxicants which inhibit mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial respiration. AC16 human cardiomyocyte cells were treated with carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), dinoterb, picoxystrobin, pinacyanol, and triclocarban for 18 h around the IC50 values generated from MMP assay. The samples were harvested and labeled with tandem mass tags with different mass isotopes. Peptide assignment was performed in Proteome Discoverer. Each dataset was analyzed in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). In the proteomic profile, these compounds showed dysregulation of a group of mitochondrial proteins (e.g., NDUA, NDUB, BCS1, CYB5B, and SDHF2), as well as proteins involved in lipid metabolism (e.g., CPT, MECR, and LPGAT1), cytoskeleton protein changes (e.g., CROCC, LAMC3, FBLN1, and FMN2) and stress response (e.g., IKBKG, IKBB, SYVN1, SOD2, and CPIN1). Proteomic data from the current study provides key insights into chemical induced cellular pathway dysregulation, supporting the use of proteomic profiling as a sensitive method to further explore molecular functions and disease pathogenesis upon exposure to environmental chemicals.

Systems thinking applied to find underlying problem in enterprise management of induction heating transformers

AbstractThe world is more interconnected than ever which emerge new complexity for organizations and their enterprises. Systems thinking is an accepted approach to deal with the messy interconnected problems of complexity but is sometimes difficult to tailor for a real‐world problem. The paper's objective is to represent the problem using systems thinking approach. This paper focuses on applying systems thinking on a real‐world problem where the underlying problems are unknown with a case study of a transformer management system (TMS) within an enterprise of a worldwide organization (the umbrella of enterprises). The paper starts out by diversifying the use of systems thinking, systems engineering and traditional engineering to present why this approach where selected. Following is a practical methodology using interviews to find the interconnection of the enterprises and a study of the TMS's current state. The interconnections are graphically displayed through a systemigram used to bring the enterprise on “the same page”. The result of this effort is a fishbone diagram to display several possible underlying issues found to the problem, the fishbone diagram's intention is to help the enterprise for selecting what problems to focus on and their order.The paper found the systemigram as a useful tool as it promoted discussions and debate within the enterprise which resulted in a more defined problem overview. To visually display the overview, a cause‐and‐effect diagram where selected. The cause‐and‐effect diagram showed to be an efficient tool to simplify the problems and to be used for communicating them along with the systemigram.

Aesthetic preference is related to organized complexity.

There is extensive evidence today linking exposure to natural environments to favorable changes in mental and even physical health. There is also a growing body of work indicating that there are specific geometric properties of natural scenes that mediate these effects, and that these properties can also be found in artificial structures like buildings, especially those designed before the emergence of modernism. These geometries are also associated with aesthetic preference–we seem to like what is good for us. Here, using a questionnaire-based survey, we have tried to elucidate some of the parameters that play a role in formulating a preference for one form over the other. The images used were nature scenes from the Alpine landscape with various manipulations to alter their complexity, or with additions of computer graphics or various buildings. In all cases, the presence of a natural scaling hierarchy and of either fractal graphics or of ornate, non-local pre-modern buildings was always preferable to the alternative. We discuss these findings under the light of recent evidence in the field and conclude that they support the idea of the existence of a preference of our perceptive system for certain types of visual organization.

Development and application of coarse-grained MARTINI model of skin lipid ceramide [AP

Stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin, contains large variety of lipids, endowing them with the amphiphilic properties, needed to fulfil their key role in skin's barrier function. The individual role of lipid types in the barrier function is difficult to understand due to the immense heterogeneity and complexity of the lipid's organization within the SC. The lipid organization is being explored using both computational (molecular dynamics simulations) and experimental (neutron diffraction) techniques. Even though atomistic simulations provide unprecedented atomic level details, the major limitation is time and length scale that can be achieved with decent computational facility. Alternatively, coarse-grain (CG) models are currently being used to capture physics at bigger time and length scale without losing essential underlined structural information. In this study, a CG model of α-hydroxy phytosphingosines (CER[AP]) is developed based on philosophy of MARTINI force field. At first, the model is validated with various atomistic simulations and available experimental data. Later on, the model's compatibility with other major skin lipids, cholesterol, and free fatty acid (palmitic acid) is checked by simulating a mixture of lipid multilayer in presence and absence of water. The developed model of CER[AP] is able to predict key structural properties within the acceptable error limits. The phenomena of ceramide conformation transformation, cholesterol flip-flop, and specificity of lipid arrangement within the multilayered systems is observed during the simulation. This signifies the importance of model in capturing higher order structural transformations.

Modular gateway-ness connectivity and structural core organization in maritime network science

Around 80% of global trade by volume is transported by sea, and thus the maritime transportation system is fundamental to the world economy. To better exploit new international shipping routes, we need to understand the current ones and their complex systems association with international trade. We investigate the structure of the global liner shipping network (GLSN), finding it is an economic small-world network with a trade-off between high transportation efficiency and low wiring cost. To enhance understanding of this trade-off, we examine the modular segregation of the GLSN; we study provincial-, connector-hub ports and propose the definition of gateway-hub ports, using three respective structural measures. The gateway-hub structural-core organization seems a salient property of the GLSN, which proves importantly associated to network integration and function in realizing the cargo transportation of international trade. This finding offers new insights into the GLSN’s structural organization complexity and its relevance to international trade.

A new concept of survived complexity

Livable patterns have survived systems with organized structures across multi, fixed and magnified, scales. They try to coexist with their environments by deep topological and morphological evolutions. Each organized complex structure tends to evolve properly to occupy the whole in-between spaces afforded by its surroundings. The more (2D) structures’ fractality, the more degree of complexity, occupancy and entropy they have. New parameters of occupancy (survival) dimensions (DS) to estimate the amount of filling specific areas are claimed. Differently from fractal dimensions (DF), these survival dimensions can detect, measure and explain how entropies are distributed locally and globally without the need for a hierarchy of scales. The method depends, basically, on space syntax to analyze (2D) shapes by their virtual and real structural connections. Commonly survived urban systems have close dimensions of (DS≈1-2). The resultant dimensions can be measured, testified and used in more reliable comparisons. The new tool of calculating (2D) systems' entropies is adopted. However, it requires more investigations and further (3D) estimations in multi-disciplinary fields of knowledge.

Kedudukan dan Pengelolaan Konflik dalam Organisasi Pendidikan

The purpose of this paper is to describe the position and management of conflict in educational organizations. it is a way of maintaining harmonious relationships at school. Harmonious relationships at school will make the learning environment comfortable and conducive to the learning process. Harmonious relationships at school will make the learning environment comfortable and conducive to the learning process. And vice versa, if the relationship between members of educational organizations is disharmonious, it can lead to an uncomfortable learning environment. This disharmonious relationship is usually caused by conflicts between individuals in schools. Conflict can become a serious problem in any organization, regardless of the form and level of complexity of the school organization, if the conflict is allowed to drag on without resolution. Therefore, the expertise to manage conflict is needed for every leader of educational organizations
 Keyword: Position and conflict management, Educational Organization

Organisational factors underpinning intra-hospital transfers: a guide for evaluating context in quality improvement

ABSTRACT During intra-hospital transfers, multiple clinicians perform coordinated tasks that leave patients vulnerable to undesirable outcomes. Communication has been established as a challenge to care transitions, but less is known about the organisational complexities within which transfers take place. We performed a qualitative assessment that included various professions to capture a multi-faceted understanding of intra-hospital transfers. Ethnographic observations and semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians and staff from the Medical Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, and general medicine units at a large, urban, academic, tertiary medical centre. Results highlight the organisational factors that stakeholders view as important for successful transfers: the development, dissemination, and application of protocols; robustness of technology; degree of teamwork; hospital capacity; and the ways in which competing hospital priorities are managed. These factors broaden our understanding of the organisational context of intra-hospital transfers and informed the development of a practical guide that can be used prior to embarking on quality improvement efforts around transitions of care.

Oceanic thermal structure mediates dive sequences in a foraging seabird.

Changes in marine ecosystems are easier to detect in upper‐level predators, like seabirds, which integrate trophic interactions throughout the food web.Here, we examined whether diving parameters and complexity in the temporal organization of diving behavior of little penguins (Eudyptula minor) are influenced by sea surface temperature (SST), water stratification, and wind speed—three oceanographic features influencing prey abundance and distribution in the water column.Using fractal time series analysis, we found that foraging complexity, expressed as the degree of long‐range correlations or memory in the dive series, was associated with SST and water stratification throughout the breeding season, but not with wind speed. Little penguins foraging in warmer/more‐stratified waters exhibited greater determinism (memory) in foraging sequences, likely as a response to prey aggregations near the thermocline. They also showed higher foraging efficiency, performed more dives and dove to shallower depths than those foraging in colder/less‐stratified waters.Reductions in the long‐term memory of dive sequences, or in other words increases in behavioral stochasticity, may suggest different strategies concerning the exploration–exploitation trade‐off under contrasting environmental conditions.

Assessment of Barriers to Knowledge and Experience Transfer in Major Maintenance Activities

Systematic failure analysis generally enhances the ability of engineering decision-makers to obtain a holistic view of the causal relationships that often exist within the systems they manage. Such analyses are made more difficult by uncertainties and organisational complexities associated with critical and inevitable industrial maintenance activities such as major overhauls, outages, shutdowns, and turnarounds (MoOSTs). This is perhaps due to the ratio of tasks-to-duration typically permitted. While core themes of MoOSTs including planning, contracts, costing, execution, etc., have been the focus of most research activities, it is worth noting that the ability to successfully transfer and retain MoOSTs knowledge is still under-investigated. Effectively implementing a case study-based approach for data collection, the current study explores the harmonisation of various risk assessments (i.e., fault tree analysis and reliability block diagrams) and multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) tools to investigate perceived barriers to MoOSTs knowledge management and experience transfer. The case study selected for this study is a dual process line all-integrated cement manufacturing plant (the largest of such process configuration in its region). The justification for this choice of industry was driven by the volume and frequency of MoOSTs executed each year (typically 4–1 per process line), thereby providing a good opportunity to interact with industrial experts with immense experience in the management/execution of MoOSTs within their industry. A multilayered methodology was adopted for information gathering, whereby baseline knowledge from an earlier conducted systematic review of MoOSTs practices/approaches provided fundamental theoretical trends, which was then complemented by field-based data (from face-to-face interviews, focus group sessions, questionnaires, and secondary information from company MoOSTs documentation). During the analysis, fault tree analysis (FTA) and reliability block diagrams (RBDs) were simultaneously used to generate the causal relationships and criticality that exist between identified barriers, while the MCDA (in this case analytical hierarchy process) was used to identify and prioritise barriers to MoOSTs knowledge management and experience transfer, based on sensitivity analysis and consistency of approach. The primary aim of this study is to logically conceptualise core barriers/limiters to knowledge in temporary industrial project environments such as MoOSTs, as well as enhance the ability of decision-makers to prioritise learning efforts. The results obtained from analysis of data identify three major main criteria (barriers) and 23 subcriteria ranked according to level of importance as indicated from expert opinions.

Regression I. Experimental approaches to regression.

The concept of regression is considered with an emphasis on the differences between the positions of Freud and Jung regarding its significance. The paper discusses the results of experimental analyses of individual experience dynamics (from gene expression changes and impulse neuronal activity in animals to prosocial behaviour in healthy humans at different ages, and humans in chronic pain) in those situations where regression occurs: stress, disease, learning, highly emotional states and alcohol intoxication. Common mechanisms of regression in all these situations are proposed. The mechanisms of regression can be described as reversible dedifferentiation, which is understood as a relative increase of the representation of low-differentiated (older) systems in the actualized experience. In all of the cases of dedifferentiation mentioned above, the complexity of the systemic organization of behaviour significantly decreases.