Transportation Options Research Articles

The Effects of Urban Heat Island in Phnom Penh: A Case Study of Khan Boeung Keng Kang and Khan Pou Senchey

Phnom Penh, Cambodia, is one of the most rapidly urbanizing cities in the world, and this urbanization is driving an increase in the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The UHI effect is the experience of urban areas getting higher temperatures than rural areas due to the concentration of heat-absorbing materials such as concrete and asphalt. This study analyzed air temperature, wind speed and direction data from Phnom Penh in 2021 to investigate the UHI effect and its impact on human thermal discomfort. The study found that the UHI intensity is stronger in the central business district (CBD) of Khan Boeung Keng Kang than in the suburban district of Khan Pou Senchey. This is likely due to the higher built-up area and lower wind speed in Khan Boeung Keng Kang. The study also found that the UHI intensity is stronger during the dry season than during the wet season. This is likely due to the lower humidity during the dry season, which allows surfaces to absorb and retain more heat. The increased UHI intensity in Phnom Penh can create significant human thermal discomfort, especially during the daytime. This discomfort can lead to a variety of health problems, including heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. The study concludes that it is important to take steps to mitigate the UHI effect in Phnom Penh and other rapidly urbanizing cities. This could include measures such as increasing green space, using lighter-colored building materials, and promoting sustainable transportation options. The results of this study can enhance more understanding of the UHI effects and have practical implications on the appropriate UHI-related mitigation and adaptation measures.

A Paradigm Shift towards Environmental Responsibility in Sustainable Green Tourism and Hospitality

The demand for various cultural experiences and easier access to travel has driven the exponential rise of the global tourism and hospitality industries in recent decades. However, the increased tourism has sparked worries about how it would affect the environment which led to a paradigm change in favour of sustainable methods. The phrase "green tourism" describes a collection of behaviors designed to reduce the adverse effects of tourism-related activities on the environment, society, and culture. This entails implementing eco-friendly programs, encouraging conservation, and cultivating community involvement. Similarly, green hospitality emphasizes eco-friendly procedures in lodging establishments, promoting waste minimization, energy efficiency, and ethical sourcing. The carbon footprint of travel is one of the main issues that green tourism and hospitality attempt to address. With the assistance of carbon offset programs and the promotion of environmentally friendly transportation options, like electric vehicles, the sector is coming to understand the significance of lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the implementation of sustainable building designs, energy-efficient technologies, and renewable energy sources in hospitality facilities helps to reduce their overall environmental effect. An additional crucial component of green tourism is water conservation. Water-saving methods, like low-flow fixtures and effective irrigation systems, are being implemented by accommodations to reduce water usage and safeguard nearby ecosystems. Waste management is essential to reaching sustainability targets in the tourism and hospitality industries. There is a growing movement to reduce the use of single-use plastics, encourage recycling, and establish composting techniques. Establishments promote the circular economy and lessen environmental deterioration by encouraging guests to dispose of waste responsibly. The effectiveness of projects aimed at promoting green tourism depends on community involvement. Forming alliances with nearby communities guarantees equitable distribution of economic gains and promotes a sense of collective accountability for environmental preservation. Moreover, maintaining the uniqueness of sites is aided by fostering cultural sensitivity and respect for local knowledge. To sum up, green tourism and hospitality mark a significant turn in the direction of a more responsible and sustainable sector. The tourist and hospitality industry may make a substantial contribution to environmental preservation by implementing eco-friendly practices, reducing carbon footprints, preserving water resources, handling waste responsibly, and interacting with local people.

Sistem Keamanan Kendaraan Jarak Jauh Menggunakan GPS Berbasis NODEMCU ESP8266

The use of motorcycles as a means of personal transportation is a practical and easy-to-use transportation option in various crowded road conditions. In general, vehicle security systems are still very weak, and additional security systems are needed to prevent theft, especially in older vehicles. To increase security on motorbikes, researchers developed a security system that can monitor the location of motorbikes that can be monitored and controlled via an Android application. In making this prototype, the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller as the Internet of Things (IoT), Ublox Neo-6M GPS module, and relays to control motorcycle electricity. The GPS module is used to determine the location based on the latitude and longitude of the motorcycle directly and will be sent to the server and then displayed through the Android application. In addition to displaying location coordinates, this application can also control motorcycle electricity with NodeMCU ESP8266 to activate relays connected to motorcycle electricity to function as turning on or off the motorcycle engine and there is a location history menu obtained from the GPS module.

Voltage Stability in a Photovoltaic-based DC Microgrid with GaN-Based Bidirectional Converter using Fuzzy Controller for EV Charging Applications

Electric vehicles are growing in importance owing to their desirable characteristics leading to utilization. It is a significant challenge to maintain voltage for DC microgrids when integrating with EVs. The work aims to enhance voltage stability in a DC microgrid and the electric vehicle charging using GaN devices in the converter. This is done by developing a DC microgrid with better voltage regulation, loss reduction, and increased efficiency and these are analyzed using PLECS software. Under different operating conditions, the proposed converter can respond to load fluctuations and maintain its voltage profile stable. The approach meets the increasing demand for vehicle charging by upgrading DC microgrid technology. The use of GaN-based converters improves voltage stability while allowing for efficient integration of EVs into the grid thereby giving more options for transportation.

Transportation Experiences of College Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: A Photovoice Study

Transition-age adults with disabilities largely desire the same community employment and community participation outcomes as young adults without disabilities. One common barrier to the manifestation of these desires is the lack of reliable and accessible transportation in their communities. This study used the participatory action research method of photovoice to investigate the experiences of college students with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) accessing various transportation options within their community. Utilizing a critical constructivist theoretical framework, researchers worked with participants to co-construct situated knowledge. The overall aim of this study was to contribute to the extant literature on transportation barriers and facilitators for this population and to give emerging adults enrolled in an inclusive postsecondary education program an opportunity to share their lived experiences and raise critical consciousness related to their transportation experiences. Limitations and implications for future research, and practice are included.

Enhancing liquefied petroleum gas production through debutanizer column optimization

Debutanizer columns are important in natural gas processing as they are crucial in generating Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG). LPG is well recognised for its environmentally benign combustion properties, making it a desirable fuel option for cooking, heating, and transportation. The optimisation of debutanizer units has significant relevance in improving the efficiency of LPG separation. This study aims to enhance the separation efficiency of a butane removal tower by modelling and optimising its operation using HYSYS software. The research aims to introduce innovation in this field. A series of comprehensive simulations were carried out to achieve this goal, resulting in outcomes that nearly corresponded to the findings obtained from natural gas units. Moreover, a thorough examination was conducted to examine the impact of temperature, pressure, feed flow rate, and reflux ratio on the production yield of n-butane. The study reached this conclusion by optimising tower conditions, with a particular emphasis on improving the performance of the condenser during the hot summer season. In ideal circumstances, the distillate demonstrated a butane concentration ranging from 70% to 74%, while all overhead gas is condensed in all instances. This study highlights the importance of optimising the debutanizer column in enhancing the quality and efficiency of LPG production in the natural gas processing sector.

ASSESSMENT OF BARRIERS AND CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE LOGISTICS

ABSTRACT This study investigates the various challenges faced by firms in their pursuit of sustainable logistics strategies. First, we need to catalog all the obstacles that keep the logistics sector from becoming more socially and environmentally conscious so that we can assess the challenges of sustainable logistics. Establishing sustainable logistics practices is not without its challenges, including but not limited to: cost, lack of knowledge, infrastructure, legislation, technology, complexity of the supply chain, reluctance to change, problems with measurement and reporting, competitive pressures, and unpredictable customer behavior. "Green logistics" refers to a comprehensive strategy for managing supply chains with an eye toward minimizing negative impacts on the environment. Reduce emissions, waste, and resource consumption at every stage of the supply chain using green logistics. This method covers everything from acquiring raw materials to final disposal. Implementing measures like as route optimization, fleet modernization, and packaging can help businesses save money, run more efficiently, and reduce their environmental impact. Some sustainable transportation options include using alternative fuels and vehicle technology, optimizing last-mile delivery solutions, and encouraging multimodal transportation systems. KEYWORDS : Barriers of Sustainable logistics, Sustainable transportation, Green logistics, Sustainable supply chain, Best and worst method

Unlocking urban charm for liveable street: transformative design strategies to boost pedestrian appeal in Asian cities

Walking as a mode of transportation faces challenges in Asian cities due to the proliferation of private motorized vehicles and lacking public transportation management. Despite contributing to people’s physical and mental well-being, walking is often considered the last option for transportation. Previous research has highlighted the link between walking, urban design qualities, individual reactions, and a sense of place. Other studies have suggested that a sense of place fosters a sense of belonging and attachment to the location. This paper aims to propose transformative design strategies to enhance pedestrians’ willingness to walk through the design of street junctions. Street junctions, especially those featuring corner buildings, offer opportunities for walking, observing, and resting, all of which are crucial elements for vibrant public spaces. The findings reveal that street junctions in cities like Surabaya (Indonesia) are predominantly perceived as “spaces to move” rather than “places to be.” To advance walkability in street junctions, transformative design strategies need to be addressed. Encouraging pedestrians’ willingness to walk can focus on their experiences and perceptual qualities. Developing policies aimed at enhancing street junctions in Asian cities emerges as a pivotal strategy for strengthening a culture of walking.

Referral Process Enhancement: Innovative Approaches and Best Practices.

This study aimed to enhance the efficiency of the referral system at the Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC) in Muscat, Oman by reducing the average time for new patients' acceptance and the delay between patient acceptance and their first appointment. A one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental project was conducted from Quarter 2 of 2022 to Quarter 2 of 2023. Data collected during the pretest and posttest phases were compared to evaluate the impact of interventions on the average days for patient acceptance and the time to first appointment after acceptance. The intervention involved developing a comprehensive referral system incorporating technology development, improved accessibility, orientation materials, internal training, policy formulation, criteria definition, and tailoring acceptance criteria to specialty programs. Awareness campaigns were also conducted to educate patients about the referral process and available transportation options. The project followed the FOCUS PDCA (Find, Organize, Clarify, Understand, Select, Plan, Do, Check, Act) approach for implementation. Significant improvements were observed in the oncology referral process, with the average days for patient acceptance decreasing from 4.3 days to 1.3 days post-implementation. Statistical analysis confirmed the significance of this change (F-value = 46.25, p < .0001). Similarly, the average days to first visit appointment after acceptance decreased from 8.6 days to 4.0 days, with statistical support (F-value = 6.29, p < .0). This study represents a significant advancement in optimizing the oncology referral process. When considered in conjunction with previous research findings, it underscores the importance of ongoing efforts to enhance efficiency in patient referrals.

Comparative study of traffic signal design using Webster and IRC method

In India, the growth of population plays an important role in increasing the congestion at intersections because every person uses a separate vehicle for movement due to this reason we know every day many people die in road accidents due to lack of traffic control system because all intersections are not well signalized. So, it is not possible to control the movement of vehicles by traffic police due to the increase in the number of vehicles at intersections. Therefore, all intersections should be well signalized and traffic signals are specially designed for the emergency vehicles like Ambulance, Fire vehicles because emergency vehicles face delay at intersections when traffic is at red light and it is very dangerous for our society. In this project, Design of traffic signals is done with the help of the Indian Road Congress (IRC) and Webster's method at Gajularamaram service road intersection. Traffic signals are a better option for effective transportation. Traffic signal systems are used to control the flow of vehicles with the help of traffic lights, where Many roads meet together and make a junction. Traffic volume studies are used to lay down mainly how many vehicles are moving on the road at a particular section during a particular time. Traffic signals are the best way to control vehicle movement at intersections without any accidents and conflicts.

“CollaboraTravel : Empowering Shared Journeys and Parcel Delivery

In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements, the traditional approach to travel services has undergone a transformative evolution. This thesis delves into the conceptualization and development of a groundbreaking project titled Collabora Travels, aimed at revolutionizing the way individuals navigate transportation options. At its core, Collabora Travels seeks to bridge the gap between ride seekers and providers through an intuitive Android application. Collabora Travels is a pioneering Android application designed to streamline the process of ride sharing by facilitating seamless collaboration between ride givers and ride takers. This project aims to revolutionize the way individuals commute by providing a user-friendly platform where users can register, share ride information, and search for suitable travel options. Ride givers can input details about their vehicle, pricing, and journey specifics, while ride takers can specify their travel preferences and parcel details. The system will then match ride givers with compatible ride takers, fostering a culture of shared mobility and resource optimization. Key Words: Android App, XML, Firebase Travelling, Parcel service

Accelerating Sustainability Environment: Understanding Electric Vehicles (EVs) Adoption with Expanded Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)

This research endeavors to implement and evaluate an expanded version of the TAM by incorporating perceived risk and utilizing the consolidative framework of beliefs-attitude-intention. This approach aims to gain insights into and forecast consumers' inclination towards adopting EVs. This study delves into the various factors that impact the uptake of electric vehicles, employing a purposive sampling strategy to target individuals aged 17 and above with a valid driving license and owning EVs. After a rigorous screening process, 247 out of 400 responses were analyzed. The survey comprised two sections: the first gathering demographic and vehicle ownership details, and the second assessing six cognitive dimensions related to EV adoption, including PEOU, PEU, PER, ATU, and AIU to adopt EV technology. Utilizing SPSS and AMOS software for data examination, the study applied SEM analysis to investigate the relationships between these dimensions with Maximum Likelihood Estimation. The research identifies the significant impact of perceived risks on adoption intentions, emphasizing the need for strategies to mitigate these apprehensions, especially in emerging markets like Indonesia. The findings underscore the importance of holistic approaches in promoting EV adoption, which involve highlighting the benefits and addressing potential barriers and concerns that consumers may have. By effectively managing perceptions of usefulness, ease of use, and risks, stakeholders can work towards fostering a more positive attitude towards EV technology and ultimately encouraging greater adoption of sustainable transportation options.

Change in work arrangement during the COVID-19 pandemic: A large shift to remote and hybrid work

With two repeated cross-sectional datasets collected in Southern California, we investigate changes in work arrangement and commute trip generation across four timepoints before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: fall 2019 (recalled in fall 2020 retrospectively); fall 2020 and summer 2021 (reported at the moment); and summer 2022 (an expectation as of summer 2021 for a near future prospectively). Our results highlight a large shift from physical commutes to exclusively/predominantly remote work for many workers in fall 2020, followed by a transition towards hybrid work (combining in-person work and remote work) in summer 2021. The adoption of remote/hybrid work varied considerably across different types of workers and sociodemographic groups, prominently driven by high-income earners, highly educated individuals, urban residents, full-time workers, and those with white-collar, STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), and government jobs. As the pandemic subsides, many workers have returned to physical commutes for some of their workdays, but the prevalence of remote/hybrid work is expected to endure into the future. These findings confirm oft-discussed trends and anecdotal evidence in the study region. However, the study provides rigorous quantitative evidence into reasons behind these observations and heterogeneity across groups. We also suggest forward-looking policies to promote transportation equity, reimagine transportation options, and support public transit to adapt to the evolving travel patterns in the post-pandemic society.

Deciphering Determinants for Adoption of E-Mobility

lectric vehicles represent a paradigm shift in transportation, offering a clean, quiet, and environmentally friendly mode of travel. India, as a significant market for electric vehicles, aims to become a predominantly electric vehicle-driven nation by 2030, marking a remarkable endeavor toward sustainability. The global automotive landscape reflects a growing trend towards electric mobility, with nearly every major manufacturer incorporating electric vehicles into their product lineup. This widespread acceptance underscores the increasing demand for eco-friendly transportation options worldwide. Governments worldwide have implemented various policies to promote electric mobility, with encouraging results. However, achieving India's ambitious goal requires a comprehensive policy framework aimed at phasing out fuel run vehicles and incentivizing the adoption of electric vehicles. To expedite the transition, policies should discourage the further proliferation of traditional gas vehicles while introducing initiatives to facilitate the widespread acceptance of electric vehicles. This includes the implementation of schemes to make electric vehicles more accessible and appealing to consumers. While the journey towards widespread adoption of electric vehicles is ambitious and challenging, with concerted policy efforts, it is indeed achievable. The implementation of effective policies and incentives is crucial in realizing India's vision of becoming an electric vehicle-centric nation by 2030. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the factors influencing consumer acceptance of electric vehicles. By synthesizing existing literature and empirical research, the study seeks to shed light on the socio-economic, psychological, and technological determinants that shape consumer attitudes and behaviors towards EV adoption. Key words: E-vehicle, e-mobility, Consumer Attitude, Psychological Factors, Charging infrastructure.

Evaluating the cost-emissions trade-offs of a modal shift in intermodal and synchromodal transportation planning

Abstract Accepted by: Aris Syntetos Intermodal transportation planning combines road with more sustainable transportation modes to encourage a modal shift. To evaluate the impact of a modal shift on transportation cost and emissions, we propose an intermodal transportation planning model to provide transparency in the cost-emissions trade-off. The model incorporates minimum load requirements, time windows, freight consolidation and stochastic travel times to generate alternative transportation options. It also includes order consolidation to facilitate the utilization of transportation modes that would otherwise be infeasible due to, for instance, minimum load requirements. We also propose a synchromodal planning tool to evaluate re-planning and re-consolidation options in response to disruptions. We numerically illustrate the working of our model using a representative network setting and quantify the trade-offs concerning costs and emissions by evaluating different transportation route options.

Building CapaCITY/É for sustainable transportation: protocol for an implementation science research program in healthy cities

IntroductionImproving sustainable transportation options will help cities tackle growing challenges related to population health, congestion, climate change and inequity. Interventions supporting active transportation face many practical and political hurdles. Implementation...

Enunciating outrage: Sidewalk mobility injustice and activism

This article focuses on winter pedestrian conditions and sidewalk clearing activism in the Canadian city of St. John’s where most sidewalks are left uncleared over its long winters. The study employs ethnographic methods, with a focus on participants’ autoethnographic accounts of navigating the city in winter and advocating for changes in snow clearing – accounts that also form the core of a documentary film directed by the authors. The findings demonstrate how uncleared sidewalks lead to an urban winter environment that is disabling, furthering existing mobility injustices produced by intersections between various forms of inequality and limited public or active transportation options. City residents enunciate their outrage about this situation through physical mobility practices such as walking in the middle of vehicle lanes and self-conscious critiques of everyday idioms about the ‘hardiness’ of residents. This study highlights the importance of taking seasonality into account when examining conditions for pedestrian mobilities.

The social and psychological antecedents of cycling in Brazil

Cycling is widely regarded as a healthy and sustainable transport option in urban environments. However, there is an emergent need to understand how cycling in countries like Brazil, can be encouraged and supported, particularly among different sections of the population. This study investigates social-psychological antecedents of cycling within the Brazilian context using a large-scale dataset to verify the appropriateness of a model based on the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (e-TPB). In-person interviews were conducted with people living in three large Brazilian cities – Brasília (n=1107), Florianópolis (n=1084), and Porto Alegre (n=1105) using a questionnaire including nine items from the e-TPB to measure attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioural control, intention, cycling behaviour, and habit. Multigroup analysis verified the model fit and invariance in structural weights by gender. Age and gender were revealed to be the only sociodemographic variables with significant influence on the components’ mean scores, with gender exhibiting the strongest influence. We concluded that the e-TPB allows us to explain cycling behaviour among this sample of the Brazilian population and that it is particularly sensitive to (a) other people's influence (b) personal habit (c) perceived behavioural control (d) belief in the ability to change one’s behaviour. Women were less likely to cycle and were less likely to be influenced by social-psychological components that could encourage this type of activity. Thus, we conclude that understanding the social and cognitive determinants of cycling can help to design more targeted policies for different sections of society.

Trends and Challenges in Realizing a Flying Car

Since the 20th century, researchers have worked to create a new concept that combines airplanes and automotive parts. This effort has led to many prototypes, conducted feasibility studies, and examined strategic approaches. Despite many debates, flying vehicles are viewed as a promising future transportation option. This study examines the history and future of flying cars, as well as their implementation challenges and technological advances. Flying cars with STOL and VTOL capabilities are reviewed. VTOL vehicle electrification and decarbonization are thought to be the future of flying cars. Lift and Cruise, Vectored Thrust, and Multicopters were the three main VTOL thrust types examined for performance. The study evaluated promising electric and hybrid VTOLs on the market. The flying car's aerodynamics, range, endurance, and cruising speed were considered in the feasibility analysis. The data show similarities amongst flying vehicles with similar propulsion technologies.

Interpretable Bike-Sharing Activity Prediction with a Temporal Fusion Transformer to Unveil Influential Factors: A Case Study in Hamburg, Germany

Bike-sharing systems (BSS) have emerged as an increasingly important form of transportation in smart cities, playing a pivotal role in the evolving landscape of urban mobility. As cities worldwide strive to promote sustainable and efficient transportation options, BSS offer a flexible, eco-friendly alternative that complements traditional public transport systems. These systems, however, are complex and influenced by a myriad of endogenous and exogenous factors. This complexity poses challenges in predicting BSS activity and optimizing its usage and effectiveness. This study delves into the dynamics of the BSS in Hamburg, Germany, focusing on system stability and activity prediction. We propose an interpretable attention-based Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) model and compare its performance with the state-of-the-art Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. The proposed TFT model outperforms the LSTM model with a 36.8% improvement in RMSE and overcomes current black-box models via interpretability. Via detailed analysis, key factors influencing bike-sharing activity, especially in terms of temporal and spatial contexts, are identified, examined, and evaluated. Based on the results, we propose interventions and a deployed TFT model that can improve the effectiveness of BSS. This research contributes to the evolving field of sustainable urban mobility via data analysis for data-informed decision-making.