Optimal Ratio Of Components Research Articles

Improvement of Technology for Producing Extrudates Using Protein-Vitamin Coagulate

Development of modern feed production imposes the need for energy-resource-saving technologies that increase the nutritional value of finished feed. The extrusion of grain and other components included in the animal feed formulation is an additional resource of high-energy feed. Of practical interest is the production of extruded feed using protein-vitamin coagulate from green mass sap. Extrusion technology enables production of a high-quality product, provides bacterial purity of feed and ensures its high safety, which determines the effective use of extrudate in rations. Studies have been carried out to improve the technology for producing extrudates from a mixture of wheat grain and protein-vitamin coagulate obtained from alfalfa sap. An experimental production line for producing extrudates using protein-vitamin coagulate is proposed. The optimal ratio of grain and protein-vitamin coagulate was determined based on the analysis of the composition and energy value of the extrudate. It is noted that the protein content in extrudates from a mixture of wheat grain and protein-vitamin coagulate is 9%–24% higher than that in extruded wheat. The metabolizable energy in such feed is 1.4–3.1% higher than that in extruded wheat. The proposed technology for extrudate production using protein-vitamin coagulate provides feed and feed components with high protein content and metabolic energy. The mixture of wheat grain and 12% protein-vitamin coagulate is found to be optimal. Extrudates obtained on the basis of the optimal ratio of components contain 17.69% protein and 14.61 MJ/kg of metabolizable energy.
 Keywords: extrudate, protein-vitamin coagulate, technology, mixture, feed

Development of polyvalent toxoid Clostridium perfringens against anaerobic enterotoxaemia in young cattle and small ruminants

The authors of the article presents the results of the development of a polyvalent toxoid from C.perfringens strains against anaerobic enterotoxaemia of young cattle and small ruminants and an assessment of its effectiveness. It is presented the data on the selection of the recipe composition of the nutrient medium, the cultivation of industrial strains, the process of drug preparation, the selection of the optimal ratio of components and the method of controlling the effectiveness. Sequential cultivation of industrial strains of C.perfringens was carried out by cultivating them in flasks, bottles and bioreactors in the nutrient medium developed by the authors, consisting of: 12.0 g/l - liver extract; 25.0 g/l - casein-peptone; 3.2g/l –K2HPO4; 1.8 g/l – KH2PO4; 0.5 g/l – MgSO4. The development of the drug included the selection of optimal and balanced ratios of C. perfringens type A toxoids - 15 IU/ml, C.perfringens type B - 20 IU/ml, C.perfringens type C - 30 IU/ml, C. perfringens type D - 30 IU/ml, which ensured 100% protection of the immunized animals. Studies on laboratory and farm animals revealed the harmlessness, areactogenicity of the drug, which stimulated the development of immunity and resistance to the toxic effects of all strains of C.perfringens.

Z-scheme photocatalyst based on porphyrin derivative decorated few-layer BiVO4 nanosheets for efficient visible-light-driven overall water splitting

It is highly desirable to simulate natural photosynthesis by using sunlight to drive the overall water splitting without using external bias and sacrificial agent. Herein, few-layer monoclinic BiVO4 nanosheets (BVNS) with a thickness of (∼)4.3 nm, exposed (010) facets and abundant oxygen vacancies are fabricated using graphene oxide dots as templating reagent. After decorating with asymmetric chromium porphyrin derivative bearing one benzoic acid and three phenyls as meso-position substituents (chromium-5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphrin, CrmTPP) and PtOx cocatalyst, the obtained two-dimensional (2D) hybrid nanocomposite (BVNS/CrmTPP/Pt) with an optimal component ratio delivers a robust overall water splitting performance with a relatively high apparent quantum yield (8.67%) at 400 nm monochromatic light. The ultrathin structure and widely distributed oxygen vacancies on the exposed (010) facets of BVNS not only endow strong and intimate contact with the decorated CrmTPP molecules to promote a two-step excitation Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism for preserving the high redox ability of the photogenerated charge carriers, but also alleviate their recombination, and thus causing the robust overall water splitting performance of the 2D hybrid nanocomposites. The present results provide a novel strategy to construct highly efficient artificial photosynthetic system for overall water splitting.

THE MORTARS FOR DRILL-INJECTION PILES CREATION

The article presents information about development of the composition of the mortars which are based on cement and sand-cement with the addition of a superplasticizing admixture for performing well crimping during drill-injection piles creation. The need to develop new compositions of the mortars was opened due to the discovery of some defects in the experimental drill-injection pile shafts which were created by using cement mortar with the addition of liquid glass, after their excavation and examination. These defects (massive soil penetration into the pile shaft near its wellhead and soil and mortar mixing along the perimeter of the piles) are takes place owing the insufficient mortar density, its high shrinkage and low strength. The developed compositions are free of these cons and have increased value of mortar key parameters (density, strength, shrinkage) which is too important during the drill-injection piles creations. After laboratory tests which were done to identify the optimal ratio of mortar components and determine their main parameters, control tests of these solutions were carried out on the investigation site to check the possibility of their use on existing technological equipment. Field tests of the developed mortars confirmed the possibility of their use for drill-injection piles creation. Using the developed compositions of mortars drill-injection piles were successfully performed for the foundation strengthening on some objects in Tyumen.

Studying the polymerization efficiency of photosensitive compositions by using the surface plasmon resonance method

In a real-time scale, it has been investigated the polymerization process in photosensitive compositions based on oligourethanacrylates with various concentrations of photoinitiators by using the method of surface plasmon resonance. Experimentally determined were the speed of polymerization and induction period for the studied samples of photopolymerization compositions as well as their optimum ratio of components for the chosen illumination wavelength 407 nm. It has been ascertained that with increasing the concentration of photoinitiators Irgacure 651 and Irgacure 819 from 1 up to 2% the speed of polymerization is increased by 3 and 7 times, respectively, while the induction period is decreased by almost 2 and 10 times, respectively. The presence of Irgacure 819 in these compositions provides the highest polymerization speed and the lowest induction period, which is related with the optimal choice of the illumination source wavelength inside the absorption spectrum of initiator, and the competitive absorption in other components of the photopolymer composition is minimal. These investigations are useful for developing optimal compositions of the studied materials for using them in various branches of industry.

Fabrication of direct Z-scheme FeIn2S4/Bi2WO6 hierarchical heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic activity for tetracycline hydrochloride photodagradation

A series of direct Z-scheme FeIn2S4/Bi2WO6 hierarchical heterostructures with intimate interface contacts were synthesized by in-situ growth route and characterized by systematical analyses. All as-prepared FeIn2S4/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites showed significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity towards photodegradation for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in comparison with individual FeIn2S4 and Bi2WO6. Meanwhile, the highest photocatalytic degradation activity can be achieved by modulating adding amount of FeIn2S4 in FeIn2S4/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites and the optimized component ratio of FeIn2S4 to Bi2WO6 is determined to be 10 wt%. The enhanced photocatalytic activity could be ascribed to efficient separation between photogenerated holes and electrons based on the construction of direct Z-scheme system. The high photocatalytic stability of resultant 10 wt% FeIn2S4/Bi2WO6 nanocomposites was revealed through six successive recycling reactions. The main intermediate generated during TCH photodegradation was explored by HPLC-MS. Besides, the direct Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was confirmed by band position analysis, electron spin resonance (ESR) and active species capture experiment.

Considerations for Clinical Use of Concentrated Growth Factor in Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine

Different strategies have been utilized to facilitate mineralized/soft tissues. Concentrated growth factor (CGF) emerges as a promising biomaterial for regenerative therapy due to high levels of platelets, growth factors, and nucleated cells entrapped in the fibrin scaffold. This review aimed to collect extensive studies on CGF used in maxillofacial regenerative medicine, discussing current obstacles, and expressing some considerations of CGF use. Articles were retrieved systematically without time limitation. In total, 27 human studies were included and separated accordingly. In general, CGF has been most evaluated in implant related therapy and maxillofacial bone regeneration where a majority of articles have revealed favorable outcomes. Little studies have supported the effects on improving probing periodontal depth reductions and clinical attachment level gains for intrabony and furcation defect regeneration. Very little data with high-level evidence was available directly to investigate its effects on the soft tissue regeneration and postoperative complications reduction. The evidence supporting the clinical efficacy of CGF in maxillofacial regenerative medicine is limited. Some conflicting results are worrisome. In addition, the characterization of CGF preparation protocols and CGF's components was not performed in most studies. Further studies should make a consensus on standardized end-product of CGF including characterization of protocols and optimal ratio of CGF' components. Defined algorithms and evidence-based protocols for the clinical use of CGF should be also available.

Optimal and prototype dimensioning of 48V P0+P4 hybrid drivetrains

This paper presents a virtual toolchain for the optimal concept and prototype dimensioning of 48 V hybrid drivetrains. First, this toolchain is used to dimension the drivetrain components for a 48 V P0+P4 hybrid which combines an electric machine in the belt drive of the internal combustion engine and a second electric machine at the rear axle. On an optimal concept level, the power and gear ratios of the electric components in the 48 V system are defined for the best fuel consumption and performance. In the second step, the optimal P0+P4 drivetrain is simulated with a prototype model using a realistic rule-based operating strategy to determine realistic behavior in legal cycles and customer operation. The optimal variant shows a fuel consumption reduction in the Worldwide harmonized Light Duty Test Cycle of 13.6 % compared to a conventional vehicle whereas the prototype simulation shows a relatively higher savings potential of 14.8 %. In the prototype simulation for customer operation, the 48 V hybrid drivetrain reduces the fuel consumption by up to 24.6 % in urban areas due to a high amount of launching and braking events. Extra-urban and highway areas show fuel reductions up to 11.6 % and 4.2 %, respectively due to higher vehicle speed and power requirements. The presented virtual toolchain can be used to combine optimal concept dimensioning with close to reality behaviour simulations to maximise realistic statements and minimize time effort.

The role of the composite modifier in the stabilization of the soil base

The conducted research assesses the effectiveness of using metallurgical production waste (gas cleaning dust, slags and slurries) as modifiers of the structure of the ground base of the road surface. Laboratory and field tests were conducted to determine the main strength characteristics of the stabilized soils.The tests used fine-ground slags, dust from gas cleaners of metallurgical production and fine-ground sand from local quarries. The slags were modified with both alkaline hardening activators and Portland cement. The results obtained in the studies were compared with the indicators of soils stabilized with Portland cement.Based on the results of the study, the recommended percentage of stabilizer is 23–30% of the soil mass. Experimentally, it was found that the optimal ratio of components in the slag-alkali binder hardening activator is 60% NaOH + 40% Na2SiO3 (1:1), and when using lime and soda, 10% of the slag consumption. The optimal humidity of the slag-ground mixture for producing slag-ground with high physical and mechanical properties is 13–16% for sandy loams and 16–18% for loams. The strength of cinder samples of alkali-stabilized components exceeds the strength of cement-based materials by 37–66 %.

Development of a Liposomal Dosage Form Based on Hydrophobic Derivative of Indolocarbazole

Introduction . An original N-glycoside derivative of indolocarbazole LHS-1269 with a carbohydrate xylose residue was synthesized at the N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center Ministry of Health of Russia. It is characterized by high antitumor activity against a number of transferable ascitic and solid tumors in vivo experiments. Due to the hydrophobic properties of the substance LHS-1269, a method of solubilization by encapsulation in phospholipid vesicles - liposomes is proposed for creating an injectable dosage form. Aim . Development of the composition of a model of a liposomal dosage form for injection of an indolocarbazole derivative LHS-1269. Materials and methods . Substance LHS-1269 (N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center Ministry of Health of Russia), egg phosphatidylcholine (PC, E PC S, Lipoid, Germany), cholesterol >99 % (Sigma-Aldrich, Japan), polyethylene glycol-2000-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE, Lipoid, Germany). To prepare phospholipid vesicles, the method of lipid film hydration with subsequent filtration and extrusion was used. The obtained liposomes were analyzed using the method of spectrophotometry, laser scattering spectroscopy, the method of determining the electrophoretic mobility of particles, and viscometry. Results and discussion . On the basis of lipid components and active substance in various molar ratios, compositions were made and experimental models of liposomal dispersion were obtained. The compositions were evaluated based on the effectiveness of LHS-1269 incorporation into liposomes and physical and chemical parameters - dispersion viscosity, vesicle size distribution, and zeta-potential. As a result of the analysis of 7 studied compositions, the optimal molar ratios of the drug form components - LHS-1269/PC 1:160 and PC/cholesterol/PEG-PE 1:0.33:0.003 were determined. The use of this composition allows us to obtain relatively stable (zeta-potential -33 mV) homogeneous liposomes with a diameter of 190 nm with a maximum level of encapsulation of the active substance of 98 %. Conclusions . As a result of technological and chemical-pharmaceutical research, the composition of a model of a liposomal dosage form for injection of the indolocarbazole derivative LHS-1269 has been developed.

Technology оf Safe Galvanochemical Process оf Strong Platings Forming Using Ternary Alloy

Established the possibility of galvanochemical obtaining of a plating stronger than in case of chrome precipitation. Proposed precipitation of ternary alloy Co-Мо-W, which allows using the effect of synergism. Proposed and researched usage instead of sulphate-anhydride electrolyte – citrate-diphosphate and ammonia-citrate one. Achieved an increase in current efficiency of precipitated alloy and decrease in current efficiency of hydrogen, with respect to chrome precipitation, which increased safety of the galvanochemical industry. Selected the optimal ratios of components in citrate-diphosphate and ammonia-citrate electrolytes for ternary alloy Co-Мо-W precipitation. Determined the parameters of electrical effect for the galvanic process: constant current – j = 2–8 А/dm2, pulse unipolar current – j = 4–20 А/дм2. Achieved a high microhardness of this plating and high adhesion to base surface. Achieved greater safety of the galvanochemical technological process of ternary alloy Co-Мо-W application compared with chromium plating.

Sodium Cholate Bile Acid-Stabilized Ferumoxytol-Doxorubicin-Lipiodol Emulsion for Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PurposeTo develop bile acid-stabilized multimodal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT)-visible doxorubicin eluting lipiodol emulsion for transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and MethodsFerumoxytol, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved iron oxide nanoparticle visible under MR imaging was electrostatically complexed with doxorubicin (DOX). An amphiphilic bile acid, sodium cholate (SC), was used to form a stable dispersion of ferumoxytol-DOX complex in lipiodol emulsion. Properties of the fabricated emulsion were characterized in various component ratios. Release kinetics of DOX were evaluated for the chemoembolization applications. Finally, in vivo multimodal MR imaging/CT imaging properties and potential therapeutic effects upon intra-arterial (IA) infusion bile acid-stabilized ferumoxytol-DOX-lipiodol emulsion were evaluated in orthotopic McA-Rh7777 HCC rat models. ResultsDOX complexed with ferumoxytol through electrostatic interaction. Amphiphilic SC bile acid at the interface between the aqueous ferumoxytol-DOX complexes and lipiodol enabled a sustained DOX release (17.2 ± 1.6% at 24 hours) at an optimized component ratio. In McA Rh7777 rat HCC model, IA-infused emulsion showed a significant contrast around tumor in both T2-weighted MR imaging and CT images (P = .044). Hematoxylin and eosin and Prussian blue staining confirmed the local deposition of IA-infused SC bile acid-stabilized emulsion in the tumor. The deposited emulsion induced significant increases in TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) stain-positive cancer cell apoptosis compared to those in a group treated with the nonstabilized emulsion. ConclusionsSC bile acid-stabilized ferumoxytol-DOX-lipiodol emulsion demonstrated sustained drug release and multimodal MR imaging/CT imaging capabilities. The new lipiodol-based formulation may enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemoembolization in HCC.

Development of energy bars formulae for athletes, based on the essential nutrients balance

This work is devoted to creating formulae for energy bars for sports nutrition, based on the maximum balance in the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. To create the bars, only natural, nutritionally rich ingredients were used. Forecasting of the nutritional value of formulae various options for and their further evaluation by quality indicators, made it possible to obtain the optimal ratio of components corresponding to high nutritional and energy values and consumer activity.

Promising ways to increase raw material base of the chrome industry of the metallurgical industry of the Kazakhstan

Various lumping technologies of finely dispersed chromite concentrates using charge roasting processes have been considered. In this respect, it was noted that the charge formulation used in the production does not provide the required strength of the produced pellets. The authors of the article propose the use of the well-known method for the ferrosilicon calcium fluxes (FSCF) synthesis with the replacement of Callovian clays with a composition based on diatomites and industrial and waste products of the Eurasian group (ERG) enterprises in order to increase the strength of pellets and agglomerate. This method enabled us to produce roasted pellets with high strength, to ensure the optimal ratio of components, to decrease the pellet roasting temperature by 150-200°C and to increase water resistance and congelation resistance. Technological parameters can be also improved by beneficiation of the source chromite raw material, effectively used by Turkish manufacturers of chrome products. One way to increase the chrome industry raw material base of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the involvement of the “12 Geophysical Deposit” into the processing of the industrial ore. However, the produced finely dispersed chromium concentrates require lumping followed by smelting in furnaces for ferrochrome. The high silica and iron content in the host rock of chromium concentrate enables to obtain strong pellets without additional additives.

Layered WS2/WO3 Z-scheme photocatalyst constructed via an in situ sulfurization of hydrous WO3 nanoplates for efficient H2 generation

Solar-driven H2 production over Z-scheme photocatalysts to mimic the natural photosynthesis represents a promising approach to the production of clean hydrogen energy. However, fabrication of Z-scheme heterostructures with intimate interfacial contact and smooth charge transfer for efficient H2 generation is still challenging. Herein, a series of layered WS2/WO3 heterostructures containing monoclinic WO3 (m-WO3) nanoplates and few-layer hexagonal WS2 with 2H structure (2H-WS2) is constructed via an in situ sulfurization process of hydrous WO3 nanoplates. The electronic interaction between the two moieties (2H-WS2 and m-WO3) follows a direct Z-scheme mechanism to retard the charge recombination without weakening the redox ability of the photoexcited charge carriers of the WS2/WO3 heterostructures. Moreover, the few-layer 2H-WS2 with thickness of ~4.2 nm and intimate interfacial contact between 2H-WS2 and m-WO3 due to the “S-W-O” transition layer can further provide shortened charge migration path and smooth interfacial charge transfer, which in turn enables the effective operation of the Z-scheme mechanism. Therefore, the WS2/WO3 Z-scheme photocatalyst with an optimal component ratio delivers ca. 5 times higher H2 generation activity than the few-layer 2H-WS2 alone. The present work offers a promising strategy to construct integrated nanostructured heterostructures with intimate interfacial contact, smooth charge transfer and improved photocatalytic performance.

Modeling of the optimal component composition of biodiesel fuel

The article presents the results of study to determine the component composition of rape-based biodiesel. Modeling of the optimal component composition taking into account low-temperature properties and cetane number was carried out. According to the studies, mathematical models of changes in the low-temperature properties of biodiesel fuel depending on the percentage of rapeseed oil were obtained, the optimal ratio of its components was determined and justified. The tests were conducted in 2012-2019. The studied temperature limits correspond to the extreme temperature values of the central and southern regions of the Russian Federation. The second important task was to determine the optimal ratio of diesel fuel and rapeseed oil while meeting the requirements of GOST R52368-05 for the cetane number of biodiesel fuel. Studies of the optimal percentage ratio of rapeseed oil and diesel fuel per cetane number showed that biodiesel, which contains rapeseed oil in a concentration of up to 30 %, meets the requirements of GOST R52368-05 (EN 590:2009). Certified equipment was used in the studies, and the methodology met the requirements of the state standard for their implementation. To solve the problem of determining the optimal ratio of biodiesel components, a methodology for assessing temperature and cetane number properties, as well as foreign scientific literature was analyzed in the field of research data. According to the results of the research, hypotheses were put forward that the lowtemperature properties and cetane number of biodiesel fuel change with an increase in the proportion of rapeseed oil in it, as well as the possibility of mathematical modeling of its optimal component composition corresponding to environmental temperature conditions during operation of the equipment. The reliability of the approximation of the obtained dependences was 0.83...0.91 when studying the low-temperature properties of biodiesel samples within the specified temperatures from -40 to 0 °C.

Sorbent Based on Polyvinyl Butyral and Potassium Polytitanate for Purifying Wastewater from Heavy Metal Ions

Currently, the rapid development of industry leads to an increase in negative anthropogenic impacts on the environment, including water ecosystems. This circumstance entails toughening environmental standards and, in particular, requirements for the content of pollutants in wastewater. As a result, developing technical and cost-effective ways for wastewater purification becomes relevant. This study is devoted to the development of a novel composite sorbent, based on polyvinyl butyral and potassium polytitanate, designed to purify water from heavy metal ions. The co-deposition of a mixture based on a polymer solution and a filler suspension was used to obtain a composite material. In this work, the influence of the deposition conditions on the structure and properties of the resulting composites was studied, as well as the optimal ratio of components, including solvent, precipitant, polymer binder, and filler, were established. In the course of this study on the sorption properties of the developed composite materials using various sorption models, the sorption capacity of the obtained material, the sorption mechanism, and the limiting stage of the sorption process were determined. The developed sorbent can be suitably used in the wastewater treatment systems of galvanic industries, enterprises producing chemical current sources, and in other areas.

Use of specific combinations of the triphala plant component extracts to potentiate the inhibition of gastrointestinal bacterial growth

Ethnopharmacological relevanceTriphala is used in Ayurveda to treat a wide variety of diseases, including numerous bacterial infections. Interestingly, the plant components of triphala (Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula and Emblica officinalis) are also good inhibitors of bacterial growth when used individually, yet plant preparations are generally used in combination in traditional medicine. Surprisingly, no previous studies have addressed the reason why the combination is preferred over the individual components to treat bacterial infections.Aim of the study: To test and compare the antibacterial efficacy of triphala and its component parts to quantify their relative efficacies. The individual plant components will also be tested as combinations, thereby determining whether combining the individual components potentiates the antibacterial activity of the components used alone. Materials and methodsTriphala and the three individual plant components were extracted using solvents of varying polarity (methanol, water, ethyl acetate) and the antibacterial activity of the aqueous resuspensions was quantified by disc diffusion and broth microdilution MIC assays. Combinations of extracts produced from the individual components were also tested against each bacterial species and the ΣFICs was calculated to determine the class of interaction. Where synergy was detected, isobologram analysis was used to determine the optimal component ratios. The Artemia nauplii bioassay was used to test for toxicity and GC-MS headspace profiling analysis was used to highlight terpenoid components that may contribute to the antibacterial activity of triphala. ResultsThe aqueous and methanolic triphala, T. bellirica, T. chebula and E. officinalis extracts displayed good inhibitory activity against all bacterial strains, with MICs often in the 250–750 μg/mL range. The methanolic extracts were generally more potent than the aqueous extracts and T. chebula was the most potent of the individual plant components. Combining the extracts of the different plant species resulted in potentiation of the growth inhibitory activity of most combinations compared to that of the individual components. Indeed, with the exception of S. flexneri, all bacterial species were potentiated by at least one combination of methanolic plant extracts, with a substantial proportion of these displaying synergistic interactions. All extracts were found to be either non-toxic, or of low to moderate toxicity in Artemia nauplii assays. ConclusionWhilst the individual plant components of triphala all inhibit the growth of multiple pathogenic bacteria, the activity is potentiated for multiple combinations. Therefore, the traditional usage of the combination of the three plant materials in triphala not only extends the activity profile of the mixture over that of the individual components, but it also substantially potentiates the inhibitory activity towards multiple bacteria, partially explaining the preference of triphala compared to the individual components.

Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System of Celecoxib for Avoiding Delayed Oral Absorption in Rats with Impaired Gastric Motility.

This study aimed to develop a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) of celecoxib (CEL) for suppressed delay in oral absorption under impaired gastric motility. A pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed for the determination of the optimal component ratio in SEDDS of CEL (SEDDS/CEL), and the SEDDS/CEL was physicochemically characterized. A pharmacokinetic study on orally dosed CEL samples (5-mg CEL/kg) was carried out in normal and propantheline (PPT)-treated rats to mimic impaired gastric motility. SEDDS/CEL rapidly formed a fine emulsion with a mean size of 147nm in distilled water and significantly improved the dissolution behavior of CEL under pH 1.2 condition with a 20-fold higher dissolved amount than crystalline CEL. In normal rats, orally dosed SEDDS/CEL provided a 4.6-fold higher systemic exposure than that of crystalline CEL, due to the improved dissolution properties of CEL. Crystalline CEL showed delayed and decreased oral absorption of CEL in PPT-treated rats as evidenced by a 6.9-h-delayed mean absorption time and only 12% of the systemic exposure of CEL compared with those in normal rats. In contrast, SEDDS/CEL enhanced the oral absorption of CEL with a 14.6-fold higher systemic exposure with significant suppression of delay in absorption than crystalline CEL even in PPT-treated rats. SEDDS/CEL could be an efficacious option for suppressing delay in CEL absorption even under impairment of gastric motility, possibly leading to rapid and reproducible management of severe acute pain.

Technological characteristics of processed and prophylactic processed cheese with a new phytospection “Ukrainska kukhnia”

An important task for food processing enterprises is the search, development and implementation of cost-effective, technically advanced and environmentally friendly technologies for the food industry. Recently, a promising direction in the production of food products – treatment and prevention products containing a variety of supplements, including and vegetable. Medicinal properties of food herbs are due to the presence of biologically active substances, including various vitamins, micro-, macronutrients and various enzymes. The purpose of the experiments was to study the optimal ratios of prescription components for the production of processed cheese “Ukrainian” with the use of vegetable spices, study the possibility and methods of using them in the production process of a new type of processed cheese in the enterprise, development of optimal doses of “Ukrainska kuchnia”. According to the research plan, the experiments were conducted in the central laboratory and production shops of Ivano-Frankivsk Dairy Plant, Department of Milk and Dairy Products Technology, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv. National species “Ukrainska kuchnia” was used for research. As evidenced by the results of the tasting evaluation of these prototypes, the best organoleptic evaluation was received by the recipe № 2 the composition of which provides (per 1000 kg of finished product): 373 kg of rennet Dutch cheese; 63.2 low-fat cheese; 30.6 cow's milk powder; 39.7 kg of peasant oil, salt solution of the ruler 102 kg; 107.2 kg of drinking water and 14.0 kg of spices “Ukrainska kuchnia” per 1000 kg of finished product. Additions to the recipe of the phytospection “Ukrainska kuchnia” led to a certain change in the organoleptics of the prototypes of the proposed salted processed cheese, of course with the acquisition of certain characteristics of the filler – spices “Ukrainska kuchnia”. All experimental samples of cheese were characterized by the same values of mass fraction of moisture – 51.7 % vs. 52 % in the prototype, salt content 2.8 % vs. 3.0 %, and the pH of experimental samples of processed cheese “Ukrainian” was respectively 5.6, which corresponds regulatory requirements. From the results of the tasting evaluation of the samples, all of them met the regulatory requirements and received quite high characteristics (28 and 29 points, respectively). In parallel, a microbiological evaluation of processed cheeses was performed. In evaluating the obtained data, both traditional products and prototypes had regulatory safety indicators. At the same time, no harmful and dangerous microflora was detected. Summarizing the above experimental data, it can be noted that the use as a recipe component for the production of processed cheese spice “Ukrainska kuchnia” based on processed cheese “Hostryi z pertsem” is appropriate, and the resulting product is biologically valuable, has proper product characteristics, safety indicators and expands the range of domestic dairy products for treatment and prevention.