Optimized Growth Process Research Articles

“Very strong” turnpike effect in a non-stationary Gale economy with investments, multilane turnpike and limit technology

This article presents a multiproduct model of a non-stationary Gale-type economy with technology convergent to a certain limit technology, in which changes in the production technology (the dynamics of the Gale production spaces) are ruled by the size of investments. Thus, the considered model differs from the vast majority of the Gale-type models considered in the mathematical economy. With this assumption, the so-called “very strong” version of the multilane production turnpike theorem in the Gale economy with investments is proved. According to the theorem, if the optimal growth process in such an economy reaches the multilane turnpike, it remains on it from then on, except for, possibly the last period of the analysed economic horizon.

Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Disordered Eating Behaviours amongst Adolescents and Young Adults in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Eating disorders (EDs) and disordered eating behaviours (DEBs) are significant health problems related to body image and weight dissatisfaction among adolescents and young adults worldwide. During this stage of sensitive development, these behaviours may hinder the optimal growth process and can consequently lead to wasting, stunting, and micronutrient deficiencies. However, there is a limited amount of literature on DEB among Arab populations, particularly in Saudi Arabia. This review aims to assess the prevalence of EDs/DEB and to develop a clear understanding of the epidemiology of such conditions among adolescents and youth in Saudi Arabia. Five databases were systematically searched and 14 papers met the inclusion criteria. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was the predominant tool used for evaluating aberrant eating behaviours, indicating a high prevalence of EDs/DEB ranging from 10.2% to 48.1%. The highest prevalence of EDs/DEB was reported in the eastern region ranging from 29.4% to 65.5%. In terms of age and sex, the prevalence was higher among older students compared to younger school students and males reported more Eds/DEB compared to female students. These disorders are found to be prevalent in Saudi Arabia, and the risk of developing such conditions is high across the whole age range.

Research on topology optimization method of surface support structure based on leaf vein growth process

In this paper, a biomimetic topology optimization design method that simulates the growth pattern of leaf veins is proposed for the design of the support structure of ultra-light airfoil-like solar cells in the solar powered unmanned aerial vehicle. This method simulates the optimal growth process of main vein morphology through the topology change of dynamic point groups to obtain an optimized topological main support structure and then generates a Voronoi grid structure in the area surrounded by the main support structure to increase the local support for the battery. The whole process is combined with genetic algorithm to simulate the optimal distribution strategy of leaf vein growth by inputting a small number of parameters. Compared with the traditional grid support structure, the support structure obtained by simulating the leaf vein growth optimization strategy can provide more efficient support for the solar panel and avoid damage to the solar cell.

Analysis of Influencing Factors in the Preparation of Mullite Whiskers from Recovering Silicon-Rich Waste under Low-Temperature Conditions.

A large amount of catalyst waste containing silicon is deposited or buried every year, resulting in serious environmental pollution and a waste of resources. In this paper, a method to prepare mullite whiskers by recycling silica-rich waste under low-temperature conditions was investigated. The effects of raw materials, sintering temperature, catalyst addition, holding time and co-solvent addition on the structure, morphology and phase transition of the synthesized whiskers were investigated and characterized with SEM, XRD, TEM, TG and DTA. The results show that the addition of 10% Na2SO4 as the liquid-phase mass transfer medium could effectively improve the crystallization efficiency of mullite whiskers, while providing an ideal living environment for the growth of whiskers. The crystallinity and uniformity of mullite were positively correlated with the addition of aluminum fluoride trihydrate and the holding time, respectively. The growth law and conditions of mullite whiskers are discussed, and the optimal growth process conditions of mullite whiskers were optimized. The optimal conditions for mullite whiskers were determined as follows: the addition of aluminum fluoride is 5 wt%, the sintering temperature is 825 °C, and the holding time is 5 h at the time of sintering. This work offers new prospects for the industrial production of mullite whiskers from recycled silica-rich waste.

Enhanced Exciton‐to‐Mn2+ Energy Transfer in 3D/0D Cesium–Lead–Chloride Composite Perovskites

AbstractDoping cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) with Mn2+ brings attractive long‐wavelength emission and flexible color tunability. However, due to multiple competing factors, the exciton‐to‐Mn2+ energy transfer efficiency is low. In this work, a simple structure‐optimization strategy is applied to enhance the exciton‐to‐Mn2+ energy transfer by synthesizing Mn2+ activated 3D/0D Cs–Pb–Cl perovskite composition composed of 3D CsPbCl3 and 0D Cs4PbCl6 NCs. The results reveal that the energy transfer efficiency and the photoluminescence quantum efficiency of the Cs–Pb–Cl composite are 65.3% and 77.3%, respectively, which are 1.4 and 3 times the corresponding values of the single‐phase CsPbCl3:Mn2+ NCs. Based on the detailed experimental and calculation results, the performance enhancement is demonstrated to stem from the optimized growth process of 3D CsPbCl3 NCs when co‐generating with 0D Cs4PbCl6 NCs. The strong lattice rigidity of the optimized CsPbCl3 NCs suppresses the nonradiative combination rate of the excitons, thus alleviating the main competing factor of the energy transfer process and improving the energy transfer efficiency. Fabrication of a white light‐emitting diode prototype further illustrates the application potential of the orange‐emitting Cs–Pb–Cl composite NCs for general lighting.

THE INFLUENCE OF EXTRA-ROOT NUTRIENTS ON THE DURATION OF THE INTERPHASE PERIOD OF SPRING BARLEY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE OF UKRAINE

A sufficient amount of precipitation and a moderate air temperature are necessary for optimal growth and development processes, as well as the formation of reproductive organs of plants. Since their excessive or insufficient amount, as well as elevated or low temperature conditions, delay or accelerate the passage of interphase periods and adversely affect the duration of vegetative and generative growth of spring barley plants. In the course of research, it was established that in order to reduce the negative impact of the weather conditions of individual years on the stability of the gross harvest of barley grain, it is necessary to carry out foliar feeding in the phase of tillering and emergence of plants into the tube with biological preparations, such as Help Rost - 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M - 1 l/ha, Azotophyte - 2 l/ha. The duration of the period of earing-full ripeness turned out to be the most contrasting in response to the application of fertilizers. Thus, in the variant with the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N15Р15К15 and with one-time treatment with biological preparations Help Rost 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M 1 l/ha, Azotophyt 2 l/ha, the duration of this period was extended by 1 day compared to the control variant and by 2 days for two-time feeding with the indicated preparations in the phase of tillering and emergence of plants into the tube. So, in general, the duration of the growing season in spring barley varieties Armaks and Swagor on the control variant were the lowest and amounted to 83 and 79 days, respectively.By carrying out one-time foliar fertilization in the budding phase with biological preparations Help Rost - 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M - 1 l/ha, Azotophyt 2 l/ha against the background of N15Р15K15 fertilizer, the length of the growing season was extended to 85 and 86 days and 81 and 82 days , it is higher than on the control variant by 2 and 4; 2 and 3 days, respectively. With a two-time foliar feeding in the phase of bushing and emergence of plants in the tube with biological preparations Help Rost - 2 l/ha, Organic D2-M - 1 l/ha and Azotophyt 2 l/ha against the background of N15Р15K15 fertilizer, the duration of the growing season was extended to 86 and 87 days.

Regime switching optimal growth model with risk sensitive preferences

We consider a risk-sensitive optimization of consumption-utility on an infinite time horizon where the one-period investment gain depends on an underlying economic state whose evolution over time is assumed to be described by a discrete-time, finite-state, Markov chain. We suppose that the production function also depends on a sequence of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) random shocks. For the sake of generality, the utility and the production functions are allowed to be unbounded from above. Under the Markov regime-switching model, it is shown that the value function of optimization problem satisfies an optimality equation and that the optimality equation has a unique solution in a particular class of functions. Furthermore, we show that an optimal policy exists in the class of stationary policies. We also derive the Euler equation of optimal consumption. Furthermore, the existence of a joint stationary distribution of the optimal growth process and the underlying regime process is examined. Finally, we present a numerical solution by considering a power utility and some hypothetical values of parameters in a regime switching extension of the Cobb–Douglas production rate function.

The minimal-time growth problem and ‘very strong’ turnpike theorem

This paper refers to the author's previous work, in which the ‘weak’ turnpike theorem in the stationary Gale economy was proved. This theorem states that each optimal growth process {y*(t)}t*1t=0 that leads the economy in the shortest possible time t*1 from the (initial) state of y0 to the set of target/postulated states Y1 almost always runs in the neighbourhood of the production turnpike, where the economy remains in a specific dynamic equilibrium (peak growth equilibrium). This paper presents a proof of the ‘very strong’ turnpike theorem in the stationary Gale economy, which states that if the optimal process (the solution to the minimaltime growth problem) reaches a turnpike in a certain period of time tˇ < t*1 - 1, then it stays on it everywhere else, except for, at most, final period t*1. The obtained result confirms the wellknown Samuelson hypothesis about the specific turnpike stability of optimal growth paths in multiproduct/multisectoral von Neumann-Leontief-Gale-type models, also in the case where the growth criterion is not the (normally assumed) utility of production but the time needed by the economy to achieve the postulated target level or volume of production.

Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System, Study Case "Strawberry"

The application of technology in agriculture has become several indicators of progress and developments in technological science. The more specific technology used in IoT (Internet of Things) that the use of the internet network is one of the main factors in developing automated technological machines to improve agricultural systems. Therefore, the use of IoT is very useful in agriculture, especially in strawberry cultivation, which requires s control in every maintenance process, namely for several main activities such as watering, fertilizing, and monitoring temperature and plant conditions in real-time. Through this research and development, it is hoped that the IoT system will be designed using Node-RED as visual programming and will connect to the MQTT protocol as a protocol in data and information transmission. Node-RED is the new technology that use to facilitate the process of implementing the IoT system and controlling and monitoring every data and order received and made. The research method starts from data collection, designing models, collecting tools and materials, conducting tests, implementing tools to objects, and evaluating each implementation process that has been running. The hopes and targets of the Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System, Study Case “Strawberry” can reduce farmer labor, time efficiency with a automation system, and be able to maintain the optimal growth process of strawberry plants.

Contemporary heterostructures for solar cells improvement

Current investigation is focused on InxGa1-xP and InxAl1-xP epitaxial layers growth. Multicomponent nanoheterostructures are the main materials for a contemporary triple-cascade solar cell, and for perspective photovoltaic devices. The optimal InxGa1-xP and InxAl1-xP growth process characteristics are determined. InxGa1-xP epitaxial layers (with In & Ga varied on Ge), and InxAl1-xP layers (with Al & In varied on Ge and GaAs) are investigated. During investigation X-ray diffractometry was used. Based on results of X-ray diffractometry the lattice parameter and In / Ga / Al ratio in the structure were detected. Solid phase versus the gas phase composition correlation was found based on the lattice parameters. It is determined that diffraction X-ray peaks broadening can be used as a parameter for the heterostructure perfection analyze. For the InxGa1-xP solid solution (X = 45–53 %) and for InxAl1-xP solid solution (X = 46-51 %) a high quality of the single-crystal structure and a slight diffraction X-ray peaks broadening are detected.

The minimal-time growth problem and turnpike effect in the stationary Gale economy

In mathematical economics there is a number of so called “turnpike theorems” proved mainly on the basis of multiproduct models of economic dynamics. According to these theorems, all optimal paths of economic growth over a long period of time converge to a certain path (turnpike) in which the economy achieves the highest growth rate while remaining in a specific dynamic (von Neumann) equilibrium. The article refers to this trend and presents some properties of optimal growth processes in the Gale-type model of the stationary economy when the quality criterion of growth processes is not the utility of production—which is normally postulated in the turnpike theory—but the time needed by the economy to achieve the desired final state, e.g. the level of production or production value. According to the author’s knowledge, the idea of using time as a criterion for growth in turnpike theory (especially in Gale-type economy) is innovative.

PEMODELAN APLIKASI PENDUKUNG KEPUTUSAN MAKANAN PENDAMPING AIR SUSU IBU (MPASI) BERBASIS ANDROID

Complementary foods breast milk (MPASI) is a very important thing for growth and development in a baby, to achieve optimal growth and development process, balanced nutrition is needed, even nowadays babies are often stunted or have malnutrition. Good parents, of course, do not just provide complementary foods to their babies but will pay attention to whether or not the MPASI nutrition is given. By modeling an MPASI guide application, it can help parents determine the right nutrition to give to their babies and parents can make the right decisions and find out the nutritional status of their babies. Modeling this application using Unifield Modeling Language (UML) and implemented into the application using Android Studio. From the resulting application model, it can help and provide references to parents in providing balanced nutrition for their babies.

Effectiveness Of Baby Massage On The Increase Of Baby Weight Aged 6 - 12 Months In Gayaman Village, Mojoanyar District, Mojokerto Regency

The study population was all babies aged 6-12 months who experienced underweight. Samples were taken using a total sampling technique of 28 respondents. Data were collected by observation and subsequently tested using paired t-test. The average change in respondents’ weight before and after the baby massage is 114 grams. Paired t-test results show ρ value = 0.011 (95% CI: -.2005 - -. 0281). ρ value = 0.011 < α = 0.05, indicating that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. Therefore, there is an effect of baby massage on baby growth aged 6-12 months in Gayaman Village, Mojoanyar District, Mojokerto Regency. It is recommended for health workers to provide health education regarding the way to do the right baby massage to support in providing knowledge and expertise to parents in doing baby massage independently at home to help to reach the optimal growth process, especially the baby’s weight gain.

Multilane turnpike in the non-stationary input-outputeconomy with von Neumann temporary equilibrium

In the author’s earlier papers concerning asymptotic characteristics of the optimal growth processes in non-stationary Gale economies with multilane production turnpikes, it is assumed that production technology used in time period 𝑡𝑡 may also be used in the next period. Such an assumption, relevant for short periods, is difficult to justify in the longer term. The paper contains a proof of the so called ‘weak’ effect of the multilane turnpike in a non-stationary Gale economy with changing technology, where this assumption has been suspended.

Computer Simulation of Horizontal VPE Grown AlN

The three-dimensional growth chamber model was established by GAMBIT software, and the FLUENT software was used to simulate the Vapor Phase Epitaxy ( VPE ) growth AlN material. By changing parameters, results of simulation were obtained, in turn described the effect of uniformity and concentration of AlN. The study mainly focuses on the research of flow velocities of nitrogen and argon gas, the distance from the substrate to the inner tube mouth, the substrate front-back angular height difference, the inner tube diameter, and the substrate thickness. It is discovered through the research: above parameters play a very important role in the crystal growth of AlN film, and there are optimal parameter values. The structure of growth chamber is designed and optimized according to the simulation result. By using the simulation software, experimental costs can be greatly saved, which provides a theoretical basis for the optimal growth process of high quality AlN film, and has a certain guiding role for the actual growth process.

MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE KNOWLEDGE GROWTH PROCESS AMONG NEW ENERGY TECHNOLOGY FIRMS IN THE DISTRIBUTED INNOVATION NETWORK

Against the background of the distributed innovation network, collaborative innovation among new energy technology firms is the most crucial network link. The process of collaborative R&D involves significant data exchange and knowledge management across firm boundaries. Moreover, the context(refers to the strategic context,the cultural context, the institutional context and the network context) of new energy technology firms in the network and the R&D among these firms massively impact overall knowledge emergence in the network. In order to explore the optimal knowledge growth process among new energy technology firms in the distributed network, the influence of collaborative context and collaborative behavior vis-à-vis knowledge growth was discussed in this study based on the features of multi-agent technology from the perspective of collaborative R&D among the firms. On the basis of a theoretical deduction and empirical test, the model of behavioral interaction among multiple agents was built and the simulation applied to the model via the Netlogo platform. The results show that, in a single cycle, the collaborative context exerts a positive impact on knowledge growth among new energy technology firms. However, certain differences exist. Such as the fact that the promotional effect of knowledge sharing vis-à-vis collaborative behavior on knowledge growth decreases as the difference in knowledge potential among firms in the network decreases,until it disappears. Moreover, when the new energy technology firms with a high knowledge potential cease diffusing knowledge, knowledge growth in the whole network stagnates. If there is no information sharing among new energy technology firms in the network, then the collaboration between them may collapse. Specific asset investment plays a positive role in the promotion of knowledge spillover and knowledge diffusion among the firms, while also facilitating knowledge growth among new energy technology firms and improving collaborative efficiency. Keywords: new energy technology firm, collaborative context,cooperative behavior,multi-agent, knowledge growth

Almost “very strong” multilane turnpike effect in a non‑stationary Gale economy with a temporary von Neumann equilibrium and price constraints

Mathematical models of economic dynamics and growth are usually expressed in terms of differential equations/inclusions (in the case of continuous time) or difference equations/inclusions (if discrete time is assumed).3 This class of models includes von Neumann-Leontief-Gale type dynamic input-output models to which the paper refers. The paper focuses on the turnpike stability of optimal growth processes in a Gale non-stationary economy with discrete time in the neighbourhood of von Neumann dynamic equilibrium states (so-called growth equilibrium). The paper refers to Panek (2019, 2020) and shows an intermediate result between the strong and very strong turnpike theorem in the non-stationary Gale economy with changing technology assuming that the prices of temporary equilibrium in such an economy (so-called von Neumann prices) do not change rapidly. The aim of the paper is to bring mathematical proof that the introduction of these assumptions making the model more realistic does not change its asymptotic (turnpike-like) properties.

On a certain version of the multilane turnpike theorem in Gale’s non-stationary economy

In the vast majority of papers concerning asymptotic (main) properties of the optimal growth processes in Neumann-Gale-Leontief’s stationary economies, the geometric image of a turnpike is expressed by a single ray, called von Neumann’s ray. Even though neither the postulate of stationariness nor unambigiousness of a production turnpike are consistent with the observations of real economic processes, the list of papers devoted to the effect of a multilane turnpike in Neumann-Gale-Leontief’s non-stationary economies (with changing technology and multiple lanes) is much more modest. These works include mainly papers by Panek (2017, 2018), where the author replaces a single production turn-pike in Gale’s non-stationary economy with a multilane turnpike. This paper draws directly upon the author’s earlier work (Panek, 2019), where two turnpike theorems were presented. Both of them were based on the assumption signifi-cantly weakened by this paper – that in Gale’s non-stationary economy the optimal pro-duction structure in period ݐ remains optimal also in the future.

Modelación de curvas de crecimiento de novillas lecheras de reemplazo criadas en condiciones tropicales de pastoreo

Se usaron modelos mixtos no lineales para describir el patrón de crecimiento desde el nacimiento hasta la edad de concepción en novillas lecheras de reemplazo, utilizando las funciones de Gompertz, Von Bertalanffy, Verhulst y Logística. Los grupos raciales estudiados fueron Holstein-50% x Gyr-50% (HG), Holstein-50% x Jersey-50% (HJ) y Jersey-50% x Holstein-25% x Gyr-25% (JHG). En cada función matemática, se asociaron efectos aleatorios con respecto a los parámetros peso corporal asintótico (β0), constante de integración (β1) y tasa de maduración (β2). Modelos con efectos fijos y diferentes combinaciones de efectos aleatorios se compararon de acuerdo a la capacidad de ajustarse al conjunto de datos. Para evaluar los modelos se tuvo en cuenta la varianza residual, los criterios de información de Akaike y Bayesiano y los gráficos de residuos. En general, la adición de efectos aleatorios en los modelos, incrementó la precisión en las estimaciones de los parámetros, no obstante, el mejor ajuste se logró con la función Von Bertalanffy con efectos aleatorios asociados a los parámetros β0, β1 y β2. Este modelo mejoró las estadísticas de verosimilitud y redujo la varianza residual en 47% en promedio con respecto a los modelos de efectos fijos. En comparación con un proceso de crecimiento optimo bajo condiciones tropicales, las predicciones de modelo indicaron que las novillas dentro de los tres genotipos evaluados están alcanzando la concepción con pesos inadecuados como consecuencia de la baja calidad de la dieta disponible durante el periodo de cría. Los resultados sugieren que existe la oportunidad de explotar el verdadero potencial de crecimiento de las novillas al mejorar el manejo durante la crianza, la nutrición y a través de la selección de animales precoces.

Optimal Growth Processes in a non-Stationary Gale Economy with a Multilane Production Turnpike

The topic of the paper is relevant in the field of optimal growth theory and therefore might be seen as an intellectual underpinning for research and practice in the field of transition economies and sustainable long-time development as well. It refers to the papers Panek (2015a, 2018) devoted to asymptotic properties of optimal growth properties in the non-stationary Gale type economy with single and multi-lane turn-pikes in which it was assumed that changing production technology converges in time with certain limits of technology. As far as the postulate of a non-stationary economy (here: technology change) is consistent with real processes, the hypothesis of the existence of some limiting technology may raise controversies and be difficult to verify.