Optimal Weight Gain Research Articles

Acute Activity Urges Predict Lower Early Weight Gain During Inpatient Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa.

Early weight gain is a primary goal in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) and associated with more favorable discharge weights and clinical outcomes. Activity urges, that is, a motivational state to engage in activity, have been suspected to delay early weight gain, but their prognostic role remains barely explored. Here, we investigated whether acute (state-like) activity urges at treatment onset would predict within-person weight gain in patients with AN during the initial 2 weeks of inpatient treatment. Adults with AN from an inpatient unit (N = 53) completed an activity urges measure at treatment onset, and weight changes were monitored for the duration of their treatment. Regression analyses, controlling for admission body mass index and other patient variables (i.e., patient age and AN subtype), found that higher state activity urges were associated with lower initial weight gain. Mediation analyses showed that differences in early weight changes further linked higher activity urges at admission to lower discharge weights. An activity urge cutoff value of 2.76 for distinguishing between cases with optimal and suboptimal initial weight gain is proposed. We discuss potential mechanisms of the link between activity urges and early weight gain and the implications of activity urges as a prognostic factor for improving weight restoration during AN treatment.

Seeking the optimal gestational weight gain according to the pre-pregnancy body mass index: a cross-sectional study from Shanghai, China.

Maternal nutritional status is closely related to fetal intrauterine development and an abnormal birth weight increases various disease risks across life stages. To better guide pregnancy weight gain, we aimed to explore the optimal weight gain for pregnant women with different body mass indexes (BMIs). This retrospective cohort study included 68,981 women with singleton live birth between January 2017 and October 2021 in maternity centres in Shanghai, China. The fluctuations of the incidence of small and large for gestational age (small for gestational age (SGA) and LGA, respectively) were recorded at different maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (p-BMI) and different gestational weight gain (GWG) groups to find the lowest point of abnormal fetal weight incidence. The optimal GWG was then determined using a linear regression equation. The lowest risk of LGA/SGA was associated with a maternal p-BMI of 19.46 kg/m2. For pregnant women with maternal p-BMI below 24 kg/m2, we confirmed an optimal GWG linear equation: opt GWG (kg) = -1.94 × p-BMI (kg/m²) + 51, which showed an excellent degree of fit. Women who were overweight and obese could not achieve the lowest risk of LGA/SGA despite controlling their GWG; hence, their BMI should be normalized before pregnancy. By merely using the pre-pregnancy BMI, this study has established the optimal GWG equation, with the goal of achieving the appropriate fetal gestational age. It is a practical measure to ensure desirable pregnancy outcomes and meet the health economics requirements.

Use of Integral Forage Palm Flour as an Innovative Ingredient in New Fettuccine-Type Pasta: Thermomechanical and Technological Properties, and Sensory Acceptance.

Dehydrated integral forage palm cladode flour (FPF) presents a promising nutritional and functional approach to enriching fettuccine-type pasta. This study investigated the use of microwave-dehydrated FPF (at 810 W) as a partial wheat flour substitute (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% w/w) in fresh and dry fettuccine-type pasta. The thermomechanical properties of flour blends and the technological and sensory attributes of the resulting pasta were evaluated. FPF displayed a high protein (15.80%), mineral (15.13%), dietary fiber (67.35%), and total soluble phenolic compound (251 mg EAG·100 g-1) content. While water absorption (~58%) and dough stability remained consistent across formulations, a decrease in maximum torque during heating was observed (p < 0.05). Fettuccine-type pasta containing 10% FPF exhibited an acceptable optimal cooking time, solid loss, weight gain, and textural properties for both fresh and dry pasta. Sensory evaluation revealed acceptability above 63% for pasta with 10% FPF, with a slight preference for the fresh version. Fresh pasta flavored with garlic and extra virgin olive oil (garlic and oil pasta) achieved a sensory acceptance rate of 79.67%. These findings demonstrate the potential of FPF for fettuccine-type pasta production, contributing desirable technological characteristics and achieving acceptable sensory profiles.

Impact of changes in recommendation of optimal gestational weight gain in Japan: A retrospective study in a single tertiary center.

In March 2021, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare revised the optimal gestational weight gain standards. In this study, we examined whether this revision affected gestational weight gain and low birth weight rates. We analyzed the records of singleton pregnant women who underwent checkups from their 1st trimester and delivered at our institute after 37 weeks between 2020 and 2021 (before the revision) and between 2022 and 2023 (after the revision). Pregnancy outcomes were assessed in the following four groups stratified by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): underweight (BMI: <18.5 kg/m2), normal-weight (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m2), overweight (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m2), and obese (BMI: ≥30 kg/m2). Leaflets on the optimal gestational weight gain standards for each group were distributed to all pregnant women at the first prenatal checkup. In each group, gestational weight gain did not change before and after the revision, with the corresponding values of 10.8 kg and 11.1 kg in the underweight (p = 0.94), 10.7 kg and 10.4 kg in the normal weight (p = 0.14), 9.7 kg and 9.2 kg in the overweight (p = 0.32), and 7.4 kg and 6.7 kg in the obese (p = 0.44) groups. Furthermore, the prevalence of low birth weight did not decrease in all groups. No significant differences in gestational weight gain or low birth weight were observed after the revision of the 2021 gestational weight gain recommendations. Merely distributing leaflets to pregnant women may not be sufficient to improve gestational weight gain or reduce low birth weight rates.

Standardized ileal digestible methionine requirements for 22 to 29-d-old male broilers based on the growth performance and feather development.

The aim of the present experiment was to determine the standardized ileal digestible (SID) methionine (Met) requirement during the grower phase (22 to 29 days). A total of 192 Ross 308 male broilers (745 ± 50.5 g) were assigned to six dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, with eight replicate cages per treatment. The experimental diets were formulated based on corn, soybean meal, and synthetic amino acids (AA), with different levels of dietary SID Met ranging from 0.40% to 0.65%, in increments of 0.05%. Individual body weight and feed intake per cage were measured at the beginning and end of the experimental period. Weight gain (g/bird), feed intake (g/bird), gain-to-feed ratio (g/kg), feather weight (g), and relative feather percentage (% of body weight) were analyzed for linear or quadratic responses using orthogonal polynomial contrasts. Final body weight, weight gain, and feed intake increased quadratically as dietary SID Met concentration increased (p < 0.05). However, the composition of AA in the feathers showed no quadratic or linear effect based on dietary SID Met concentrations, except for Ile (p = 0.05; quadratic). The SID Met requirements for optimum and maximum weight gain of 22 to 29-days-old male broilers were estimated using the broken-line and quadratic-line models to 0.45% and 0.55%, respectively.

Micronutrients supplementation and the outcome in preterm neonates in a tertiary health centre

Approximately 15 mil[1]lion babies are born preterm each year.1 Preterm infants commonly experience postnatal growth failure due to insufficient intake of micro[1]nutrients. We aim to determine the outcome of preterm neonates that received micronutrients. Methods: The study subjects com[1]prised of 210 preterm neonates admitted to (SCBU) of Federal Medical Centre, Brinin kebbi, Kebbi State from 1st June 2020 to 30st May, 2022. The subjects were randomized into two groups; 100 preterm neonates (Study group) received micronutrients (Reload; Reload Brands, LLC, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) while, 110 preterm neonates (Control group) did not receive micronutrients. Biodata and other important information were obtained. All the babies (210) received the usual treatment protocol of preterm admitted to our SCBU. Ethical ap[1]proval was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee. Results: Birth weights of the 210 neonates ranged from 800grams to the highest 2500grams with mean CC –BY 4.0 birth weight of 1.54kg ±0.95. Av[1]erage daily weight gains in 71% of the study subjects ranged from 25grams to a maximum of 29 grams per day while, in the non- micronutrients group, 54% had daily weight gain range of 10- 14grams per day (p = 0.001). Twelve (12%) of the Micronutrient group (MG) and 30% 0f the Non-Micronutrient group (NMG) had need for blood transfusion respectively (p = 0.002). The average ho sp ital stay wa s 22.95±9.68; hospital stay for the MG was 8 to 21 days while that of the NMG was 22 to 42 days (p = 0.001). C o n c l u s i o n s : M i c r o n u t r i - ents intake were in consistent with optimal weight gain, shorter hospital stay and lower need for blood transfusion in preterm newborns. Recommendations: We recommend early commencement of mi c r o n u t r i e n t s u p p leme n t (Reloads) in preterm babies.

The Impact Of Partial Substitution Of Date Palm Kernel Powder As An Alternative Energy Source For Grains In The Diet On The Productive Performance Of Broiler Chickens.

In this study, 160 unsexed day-old Cobb broiler chicks were utilized to investigate the impact of incorporating various levels of date palm kernel powder into broiler chicken diets on productive performance. The chicks were raised in a closed poultry barn in Ain Zara, Tripoli, Libya, from September 10, 2022, to October 23, 2022, using a floor-rearing system. The study comprised four different dietary treatments, in addition to a control treatment, with chicks randomly and replicatively distributed. Each treatment consisted of four replications, and each replication included ten chicks. Date palm kernel powder was added at levels of 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% to the first (control), second, third, and fourth treatments, respectively, during the starter and grower phases. The experimental treatments were uniform in nitrogen (23%) and caloric content (3200 kcal/kg). A free-choice feeding system was implemented, providing feed and water to the chicks throughout the six-week study period, with temperature monitoring. The chicks were raised under consistent environmental conditions, including lighting, ventilation, bedding, labor, and a comprehensive therapeutic, preventive, and vaccination program throughout the experimental period. The study also encompassed evaluating average weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate for 42-day-old birds. Results demonstrated a significant (P≤0.05) effect of adding date palm kernel powder to broiler chicken diets on weight gain and feed efficiency compared to the control treatment. Sequential addition of date palm kernel powder at levels of 3%, 5%, and 7% led to improvements in weight gain and feed efficiency. Additionally, higher levels of addition resulted in enhanced weight gain and feed efficiency, with the optimal weight gain observed at the 7% addition level, followed by the 5% addition level, and then the 3% addition level, in comparison to the control treatment (0%). Conversely, the best feed efficiency was recorded for the fourth (7%) and third (5%) treatments, respectively, compared to the control treatment (0%). No statistically significant differences were noted in feed consumption and mortality rate among all treatments, as mean values were similar. Based on the results, utilizing date palm kernel as an alternative energy source to grains could be significant, especially in regions where palm trees are cultivated, providing essential grains for human consumption. Keywords: Date kernel, productive performance, broiler, weight gain, feed efficiency.

Effective breastfeeding techniques and associated factors among lactating women: a community-based study, north east Ethiopia.

Effective breastfeeding techniques, which include proper attachment, positioning, and suckling, offer a range of benefits for both the mother and the infant. These techniques ensure efficient milk transfer, reduce the risk of infections, support optimal infant weight gain, enhance maternal comfort, and foster a strong emotional bond. This study aimed to identify the magnitude and factors associated with effective breastfeeding techniques among lactating women in the Legambo district of South Wollo, Ethiopia, in 2022. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to November 2022. Samples were selected using a multi-stage sampling method from 18 wards (kebele). Data were collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire and an observational checklist. The collected data were entered into Epi-Data and then exported to SPSS version 25.0 for analysis. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the magnitude and associated factors. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 on multivariable analysis were considered independent factors associated with the outcome variable. Six hundred and ten lactating women were included for observation and interviewed, resulting in a 96.2% response rate. The magnitude of effective breastfeeding technique practice was found to be 25.9% (95% CI: 22.47-29.57%). Factors associated with effective breastfeeding technique practice included being a working woman (AOR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.07-2.72), age between 26 and 30 years (AOR = 0.37; 95%CI: 0.16-0.84), urban residence (AOR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.06-2.39), initiating breastfeeding 1 to 2 h after birth (AOR = 0.27; 95%CI: 0.16-0.43), and initiating breastfeeding after 2 h of birth (AOR = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.17-0.67). Additionally, not receiving breastfeeding education (AOR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.30-0.72) and experiencing current breast problems (AOR = 0.28; 95%CI: 0.28-0.75) were also found to have a significant association with effective breastfeeding technique practice. Only one in four women demonstrated effective breastfeeding techniques, indicating that their practice was below the WHO's recommendations. Therefore, it is crucial to consider the identified variables to improve the practice of effective breastfeeding techniques.

Association between gestational weight gain and behavioral problems of the offspring aged 6-7 years: A population-based study in Japan.

To identify the optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) thresholds for behavioral problems and prosocial behavior in 6- to 7-year-old children. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty study, including all first-graders in public schools in Adachi, Tokyo, in 2017, 2019, and 2021 (n = 11 048, response rate = 80.1%). GWG was based on clinical records in the Mother and Child Health Handbook. Total difficulties and prosocial behavior were assessed using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Logistic regression models with restricted cubic splines, and quintile categories were employed to examine the association of GWG with the clinical range of total difficulties and prosocial behavior, controlling for covariates. The association between GWG and total difficulties exhibited a reverse J-shaped pattern, with low GWG, but not high GWG, increasing the risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.42, P = 0.039 for GWG < 7 kg; OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.85-1.24, P = 0.786 for GWG > 14 kg), referencing the median (10 kg). High GWG was associated with a lower risk of problems in prosocial behavior (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.62-0.95, P = 0.017 for GWG > 14 kg; OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.88-1.27, P = 0.532 for GWG <7 kg). GWG less than 7 kg may increase the risk of total difficulties, whereas GWG over 14 kg may serve as a protective factor for prosocial behavior in 6- to 7-year-old children.

The effect of nutritional education based on the health action process approach (HAPA) on the pregnancy outcomes among malnourished pregnant mothers

ObjectiveTo examine the effectiveness of nutritional education based on the health action process approach (HAPA) on pregnancy outcomes among malnourished pregnant mothers utilizing nutritional support.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial, 234 malnourished pregnant women under nutritional support from the fourth month of pregnancy participated. Participants were randomly allocated in study groups by the balance block randomization method. Data were collected using a socio-demographic and pregnancy outcomes checklist as well as self-devised questionnaire assessing the constructs of the HAPA model before and three months after the educational intervention. The framework of the educational intervention was based on the constructs of the HAPA and included three one-hour training sessions through lectures, group discussions, ‘question and answer’ sessions, and the use of educational tools. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS software.ResultsPregnancy outcomes including optimal weight gain during pregnancy (p = 0.47), neonate’s birth weight (p = 0.58), gestational age at delivery (p = 0.83), type of delivery (p = 0.48) gestational anemia (p = 0.22), diabetes (p = 0.59) and hypertension (p = 0.29) were not significantly different in the intervention and control groups. The results showed that the educational intervention produced a significant increase in the total score (24 points) in the intervention group. Improvement of scores in the intervention group compared to the control was observed in all of the model constructs except outcome expectation (0.68 decrease). The educational intervention in the present study had a large measure of effect in total (SMD: 2.69, partial eta2: 0.664).ConclusionA nutritional education intervention based on the HAPA model for malnourished pregnant women increased behavioral intention and planning for action to have better nutritional behavior. However, the intervention did not change the pregnancy outcomes significantly.Practice implicationsNutritional education based on the HAPA model can be used to improve nutritional behaviors of malnourished pregnant women.

The exploration of optimal gestational weight gain after oral glucose tolerance test for Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Now, no recommendations of gestational weight gain (GWG) after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis for Chinese women was made. This study aimed to explore the optimal GWG after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for Chinese women with GDM. The GWG status of 11,570 women was retrospectively analyzed. Binary regression model and restricted cubic spline were used to estimate the association between GWG after OGTT and the predicted probability of adverse outcomes. Based on above, the optimal GWG was defined as the range that not exceed 1% increase in the predicted probability from the lowest point. Results shown that every increased one unit GWG after OGTT was associated with higher risks of macrosomia, cesarean section and LGA, and lower risk of preterm birth. According to the WHO and Working Group on Obesity in China (WGOC) recommended pre-pregnancy BMI category, the optimal GWG were proposed: 3.66 to 6.66 kg/3.66 to 6.66 kg in underweight group, 3.07 to 6.50 kg/3.02 to 6.40 kg in normal weight group, 1.06 to 2.73 kg/0 to 1.99 kg in overweight group, and not applicable/− 0.22 to 2.53 kg in obese group, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to classified Chinese population based on the WGOC recommended pre-pregnancy BMI category, that influenced the contribution of pre-pregnancy BMI groups and the optimal GWG recommendation for GDM women with overweight or obesity.

Investigation of optimal weight gain during pregnancy: A retrospective analysis of the Japanese perinatal registry database.

This study aimed to determine the weight gain during pregnancy that minimizes the predicted probability of various perinatal adverse events according to the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and make recommendations for optimal weight gain in Japan. The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology perinatal database for 2015-2017 was used. From the 719 723 deliveries included in this database, parturients with underlying diseases or missing data were excluded, and 419 114 deliveries were analyzed. A questionnaire survey was also conducted to weigh each perinatal adverse event. For each of the nine outcomes, a restricted cubic spline model was made to estimate the association between the "expected gestational weight gain at 40 weeks" and the outcome risk. Since the classes of medical facilities were generally the same, weights were assigned according to the mean of the questionnaires rather than by the class of the facility. For each pre-pregnancy BMI, the weight gains during pregnancy that minimized the predicted probability of various adverse perinatal events were 12-15, 10-13, 7-10, and upper limit of 5 kg for the underweight, normal-weight, obese 1, and obese ≥2 groups, respectively. The weight gain during pregnancy that minimizes the predicted probability of various perinatal adverse events according to the pre-pregnancy BMI was established.

Pairing Evidence-Based Strategies With Motivational Interviewing to Support Optimal Nutrition and Weight Gain in Pregnancy.

Pairing Evidence-Based Strategies With Motivational Interviewing to Support Optimal Nutrition and Weight Gain in Pregnancy.

Teaching by texting to promote positive health behaviours in pregnancy: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial of SmartMom

IntroductionPrenatal education is associated with positive health behaviours, including optimal weight gain, attendance at prenatal care, acceptance of routine screening tests, smoking cessation, decreased alcohol consumption and breast feeding. Adoption...

Supplementation of lemon juice through drinking water on performance, egg quality, serum biochemical indices and combat heat stress in laying pullets

BACKGROUND: Numerous feed additives, such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and enzymes, have the potential to optimize weight gain, feed efficiency and maintain the acid-base balance which eventually contributes to improve production performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the possible advantages of lemon juice (LJ) on laying performance, egg quality, serum biochemical properties, and layers' ability to recover from heat stress. METHODOLOGY: Ninety-six Hy-Line Brown layers all 29 weeks were randomly assigned to four treatments, each with six replications, and were given a six-hour daily drinking experiment. The birds were provided with 0% (control), 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% LJ respectively for 6 weeks. The temperature, humidity, hen day egg production (HDEP) and egg weight (EW) were recorded. Egg quality indices were measured bi-weekly. An analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), packed cell volume (PCV), heterophil (H), lymphocyte (L) count, and heterophil-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio was performed on the blood sample collected at the end of the experiment. KEY FINDINGS: The studied parameters among the various treated groups showed that the egg weight, feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg quality parameters, HDL, TG, AST, heterophil count, lymphocyte count and H/L ratio did not differ significantly (P &gt; 0.05). HDEP, egg mass output (EMO) and FI differed significantly (P &lt; 0.01) compared to the control group. The significant reduction in TC, LDL, glucose, ALT, increase in feed intake, HDEP and PCV showed that LJ had a positive effect in reducing the adverse effects of heat stress in laying pullets. CONCLUSION: Taken together, it may be concluded that LJ can be used to improve the laying performance and reduce the heat stress in layers.

Effect of the incorporation of cereals (fonio, rice), tubers (sweet potato, cassava), and a legume (cowpea) on the functional properties of Penne type pasta

The partial replacement of wheat in pasta with local cereals, tubers and legumes could constitute an alternative to the massive imports of wheat into Senegal. For this purpose, three formulations of Penne type pasta were prepared by substituting 50% of wheat semolina with locally available foods (fonio, rice, cassava, sweet potato, and cowpea) with the aim of measuring the impact on functional properties. The three formulations prepared are: PBFN (50% wheat, 40% fonio and 10% cowpea), PBRMN (50% wheat, 2%, rice, 20% cassava and 10% cowpea) and PBPN (50% wheat, 40% sweet potato and 10% cowpea). The Prepared pasta was assessed according to the following parameters: optimal cooking time, weight gain, color, cooking losses, protein content and fiber content. The results obtained on cooking losses vary from 5.175g for PBFN, 6.55g for PBRMN and 7.005g for PBPN per 100g of pasta. Results which place penne made from composite flours in the category of high-quality pasta. In addition, shorter optimal cooking times were obtained for all formulations based on composite flour compared to control wheat. Sensory analyzes showed pasta with acceptability indices greater than 70%, making these pasta acceptable. The best formulation was obtained with sweet potato. This study showed that the partial replacement of durum wheat semolina by cereals, tubers and legumes could be a solution to reduce wheat imports without causing consumer rejection.

Current Status of Maternal Gestational Weight Gain and Obstetric Outcomes in Japan.

Introduction In 2021, the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (JMHLW) revised the standard optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) to reduce the incidence of low-birth-weight infants (LBWI) in Japan.In this study, we examined whethermaternal GWG increased and LBWI decreased after the revision. Materials and methods We reviewed the obstetric records of singleton pregnant Japanese women who delivered at our institute at ≥37 weeks' gestation in 2020 (before revision) and 2022 (after revision). Results The maternal GWG was significantly increased after the revision of the JMHLW guideline; however, the expected decrease in the incidence of LBWI was not achieved. Conclusion The maternal GWG met the new criteria in the revised guidelines and did not appear to contribute to the reduced incidence of LBWI.

High pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain among women belonging to upper SES from Delhi, India

Background and objectiveWith increase in prevalence of obesity and an increasing trend in the birth of macrosomic infants, Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines pertaining to optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) required for positive pregnancy outcome were revised in 1990 and 2009. Since, in the Indian scenario, no recommendations exist for optimum GWG for obese (OB) and overweight (OW) women, we assessed the pattern of GWG w.r.t Institute of Medicine (IOM), 2009 among the subjects with different body mass index (BMI). Study designPresent data were a part of a longitudinal observational study wherein, 312 pregnant women (≤12th week of gestation) attending private antenatal clinics were followed till term and their weight was monitored regularly at pre-determined intervals i.e., 12th–14th, 18th–20th, 24th–26th, 30th–32nd, 36th + week of gestation and compared w.r.t IOM guidelines 2009. Results66.37 %, 57.89 % and 11.69 % of OB, OW and normal weight (NW) subjects respectively had weight gain exceeding their GWG limits. About 5 %,10.53 %, 33.77 % of OB, OW and NW subjects respectively had gained weight less than GWG limits (p = 0.000***). ConclusionAn increase in GWG inadequacy with increase in BMI and pronounced variations in GWG among OB and OW subjects underscore the necessity to monitor GWG especially among the subjects with high BMI.

Nutritional Implications of Bariatric Surgery on Pregnancy Management-A Narrative Review of the Literature.

One in three women of reproductive age is obese. The mainstay treatment for obesity is bariatric surgery, and the following weight reduction results in a decrease in pregnancy adverse effects, including gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and macrosomia. However, nutritional and vitamin deficiencies due to changes in the gastrointestinal tract after bariatric surgery are associated with an increase in the risk of fetal growth retardation and small for gestational-age neonates. The purpose of this review was to analyze the available recent literature on the subject of the management of pregnancy after bariatric surgery. We searched for available articles from 2007 to 2023 and chose articles of the greatest scientific and clinical value. Micronutrient, vitamin, and protein supplementation is recommended in the prenatal period and throughout the pregnancy. It is advised that pregnant women with a history of bariatric surgery should be provided with regular specialist dietary care. There is still a lack of recommendations about the optimum gestational weight gain after different types of bariatric surgery and for patients of different metabolic statuses. Women of reproductive age undergoing bariatric procedures should be provided with appropriate counseling about adequate contraception, the recommended time-to-conception interval, and the positive and negative influence of bariatric surgery on perinatal outcomes.

Modifikasi Serat Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Menggunakan Anhidrida Propionat

Kenaf is a local crop that has great potential as a polymer composite reinforcement. However, the main weakness in strengthening composites using kenaf fiber is its hydrophilic or water-absorbing properties. To improve composite properties, surface modification of kenaf fiber is needed to enhance the structure and chemical properties of kenaf fiber. This study aims to explore the potential of chemical modification of kenaf fiber for use in composites. Chemical modification treatment of kenaf fibers was intended to improve the hydrophobicity that the compatibility between the fiber and matrix bonds are enhanced. In this study, chemical modification of kenaf fiber was performed using propionic anhydride. The modification process was done through a three-variation of retention time; 100, 200, 300 minutes at 100 °C. This research also compared the kenaf fiber properties with and without the modification process, including the analysis of the weight percent gain and surface morphological structure. The results showed that the optimal weight gain and morphological structure was at a retention time of 200 minutes.