Optimal Organizational Structure Research Articles

The Optimal Organisational Structure for Cyber Operations Based on Exercise Lessons.

The NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre (CCDCOE) of Excellence hosts annual Locked Shields (LS) and Crossed Swords (CS) cyber exercises to help NATO nations develop, train, and test their cyber capabilities. These exercises have successfully experimented with cyber capabilities and human organisational structures. However, there are still opportunities to optimise cyber exercise structures. This article employs a use case study based on these exercises to compare structures used by NATO nations in cyber exercises and cyber operations. This identified an optimal structure for operational-level cyber defence and offence exercises and proposed methods for their planning, development, and execution.

INTEGRATION OF APPLIED IPD MODULES INTO THE COMPOSITION OF ORGANISATIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION

Modern construction projects are characterised by complex multifunctional relationships that require processing a large amount of information. The main task of innovative development of construction development is to create competitive advantages in the strategic perspective, which form a safe and comfortable environment for human life that meets high international quality standards, ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the country's construction industry. Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a completely new idea based on Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology. The main idea is to work closely with the investor, designer and executors of a construction project. Achievement of competitive advantages should be based on innovative re-equipment of the construction industry, development of innovative competences, engineering schemes for life cycle management of construction projects, application of information technologies to increase productivity, reduce energy intensity, material consumption and cost of construction products. The article analyses the benefits of using information modelling and the integrated project implementation method in construction. A mathematical model for choosing the optimal network organisational structure of a project is developed. The main factors affecting the synergistic effect of the construction project implementation (costs of making changes to the project, increasing the implementation time, transaction and operating costs) are identified. An economic and mathematical model for assessing the synergistic effect of the joint implementation of integrated construction project implementation and information modelling has been built and tested in practice. A simulation model has been developed for a comprehensive study and optimisation of the communication network of participants in the implementation of a construction project. The results obtained will allow the top management of contractors to effectively monitor, structure and manoeuvre assets in their operations, substantiate the economic strategy and parameters of the production and business portfolio of construction companies.

Managing the quality of primary health care in urban China: the impact of organizational and physician features.

Global health care quality improvement efforts have focussed on management practices. However, knowledge in primary care settings, especially in developing countries, such as China, is lacking. To examine the organizational and physician features associated with health care quality in China's community health centres (CHCs). We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 224 primary care physicians (PCPs) in 38 CHCs in Jinan, Tianjin, Shenzhen, and Shanghai. Clinical and prevention care quality with a 5-level scale (1 = never, 5 = always) reported by the PCPs were used to measure the quality of care. Two-level hierarchical linear models were estimated to examine the organization and physician-level variables associated with primary care quality. The average clinical care quality score was 4.08 and 3.59 for preventative care out of 5. At the organizational level, organizational culture and organizational support were the strongest predictors of physician-reported quality of care. At the physician level, professional fulfilment, psychological safety, and organizational citizenship behaviour were positively associated with care quality. Chinese CHCs clinical quality ranked high by PCPs, but the quality of preventative care provision required improvement. To improve primary care quality, managers of CHCs should implement optimal organizational structures, supportive organizational cultures, and strong organizational support at the organization level and cultivate high professional fulfilment, safe, and trustful relationships with colleagues at the physician level.

Conceptual model for implementation of digital transformation and organizational structure in the construction sector

The construction sector has historically had lower productivity rates than other industries. This situation has led to the implementing new technologies and tools to increase the sector's added value. One of the significant trends has been digital transformation, adopting technological methodologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Drones, Automation, Apps, the Internet of Things, and Big Data. Implementing these technologies has improved processes; however, this change process has been slow and gradual and has not generated radical transformations. One of the most significant problems is the resistance to change at the organizational level. Therefore, the primary goal of this research is to analyze the interaction between organizational structure and digital transformation; this relationship could substantially improve construction services and products. A survey was designed and distributed to companies in the Colombian construction sector, using 13 variables that impact digital transformation and organizational structures. Three hundred thirty-two valid responses were collected; they were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factorial analysis, and logistic regressions. The results show that the main aspects impacting the digital transformation processes are Employee Training and Development, Promotion Opportunities, Business Strategy, Leadership Styles, Cloud Services, and Integrated Organizational Innovation. Companies should understand the advantages of digital transformation and the necessary changes to reach an optimal organizational structure; these improvements will directly relate to improving construction services and products.

The impact of the company’s organizational structure on its sustainability in the conditions of globalized markets

The process of globalization has been actively developing recently, which is why its impact on the activities of individual organizations is increasing. The degree of such an impact may vary depending on the scale of the organization, the scope of its activities, and, of course, the survival strategy used in the context of globalization. Within the framework of this strategy, it is possible to offer management of the organization’s structure, which, with a competent approach, can bring a lot of positive results to the company. In this study, we consider globalization mainly in the economic sphere. Optimal choice and subsequent management of the organizational structure can contribute to ensuring the survival and efficiency of organizations in the context of globalization. The optimal organizational structure of the enterprise is one of the most important components of ensuring the viability and continuous development of the company. The structure should take into account all the features of a particular company, be flexible at the same time and have a clear and understandable division of responsibilities. A too formalized structure in the context of globalization will not allow the company to quickly transform its activities in response to the ongoing external changes.

Concepts and features of business scaling in the conditions of modern challenges

The article considered scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «business scaling», reflecting its various aspects. It is noted that business scaling is a strategy because it requires certain coordinated actions and is implemented when the company is ready for scaling. It is determined that it can be aimed at achieving the following goals: increasing profits, capturing the market, gaining access to investments and expanding financing, developing technologies, ensuring competitiveness, improving the image, increasing the rating and influence of the company, increasing brand awareness, etc. It is noted that the main measures to achieve these scaling goals are quantitative and (or) qualitative changes in the functioning of the company. The author's definition of this term is formulated as a flexible, agile, quickly adaptive strategy with constant improvement of business processes to achieve strategic goals. The main features of such a strategy in the conditions of modern challenges have been revealed: the increase in the scale of business does not affect costs in the same way; the increase in income occurs faster than the increase in expenses, which ensures an increase in profit, but in the first stages of the implementation of this strategy, you can face an increase in expenses without an increase in income; scaling creates additional business risks, which leads to increased costs and requires increased control over business processes, etc. The components of this strategy are determined: a high-quality and mature product, the demand for which significantly exceeds the supply, sufficient margin for all participants, reliable partners, and a clear business model based on the optimization of internal and external business processes. It is noted that the basis of effective scaling is: the introduction of innovations; improvement of the marketing component; systematic and qualitative analysis of markets, company potential and expansion opportunities. It was established that such a strategy requires: the creation of an effective and optimal organizational structure; communication systems; changes in management approaches; motivation and synchronization of the work of the project team; involvement of business development specialists; delegation of powers and management functions. It was found that business scaling in the face of modern challenges is not only a source of its growth, but thanks to the flexibility, maneuverability, and quick adaptation of this strategy, it is also a guarantee of protecting the company from adverse changes. Even if the project (business) is local, a successfully found niche will make it possible to make it large-scale.

СТРАТЕГІЧНІ ЗМІНИ НА ОСНОВІ ПОШУКУ ОПТИМАЛЬНОЇ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article substantiates the importance of strategic changes at enterprises based on the optimization and improvement of the organizational marketing management structure, provides practical recommendations regarding the key elements and measures of changing the organizational structure of the enterprise, in order to adapt to the business environment. The authors noted that based on constant monitoring of the management structure, managers should be ready to make the necessary adjustments and improvements to further increase productivity. This may include reassignment of resources, functional responsibilities, and review of communication channels. By regularly monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the current structure, you can identify areas for improvement and make the necessary adjustments to improve productivity. Marketing organizational structure can have a significant impact on business operations because it determines how effectively marketing strategy is executed, how well marketing objectives are aligned with business goals, and how effectively marketing resources are used. However, we must understand that there is no one-size-fits-all solution for the optimal marketing organizational structure, as different businesses may have different needs, challenges and opportunities depending on stage, size, industry, product and target market. Therefore, it is important for management to understand the various factors that influence the choice of marketing organizational structure, as well as how to adapt and optimize it as the company grows and develops. It has been established that the application of modern marketing approaches that synergistically interact with management processes has a significant impact on the efficiency of enterprise management, determining the theoretical and practical solution of key aspects of management and includes the analysis of market opportunities, the definition of strategic target markets and the development of an effective marketing strategy.

УРОКИ ПЛАНУ МАРШАЛЛА: ЗДОБУТТЯ ПІДТРИМКИ ГРОМАДСЬКОСТІ, ПЕРЕДУМОВИ УСПІХУ ТА НАЙВАЖЛИВІШІ АКЦЕНТИ ДЛЯ УКРАЇНИ

The article reveals the peculiarities of the Marshall Plan or the European Recovery Program after World War II. In particular, three phases of the Marshall Plan are described (the first one began two years after the end of World War II and was characterized by the threatening situation in Europe; the second phase began when the process of European economic recovery approached the pre-war 1938 level and was characterized by concerns about the sustainability of these achievements, their maintenance, and improvement; the third phase began with the war on the Korean Peninsula and was marked by a gradual change in the Marshall Plan's course towards international security and defense). The propaganda aspect of the Marshall Plan and the process of its development are outlined. The article analyzes the prerequisites for the success of the Marshall Plan, which include the following: personnel and selection policy; organizational structure of the ECA; institutional prerequisites; psychological aspect; attention to detail: approach to foreign policy making, decisionmaking process, problem-solving method; management style. The article emphasizes that the idea that economics, politics, and psychology are inseparable in the process of creating support and rebuilding other countries was an important feature and basis for the development and implementation of the Marshall Plan. The author identifies the unique features of the Ukrainian context to be taken into account in the process of developing a “Marshall Plan for Ukraine” for its recovery after the Russian-Ukrainian war, in particular, the geopolitical aspect and the importance of geopolitical support from Ukraine's partners, as well as the need to restructure the Ukrainian economy in a modern way. The article argues that the lessons of the Marshall Plan for Western Europe can and should be used in the development of the “Marshall Plan for Ukraine”. The situation with the creation of an analog of the Marshall Plan for Ukraine will have its own unique specifics, as the recipient of assistance will be one country, and the circle of donors will be wider. Mutually beneficial partnership and respect between the recipient and donors, as well as the optimal organizational and management structure of the organization that will be involved in the reconstruction of Ukraine, are important.

Selection of Organizational Structure of the Company in the Period of Digital Transformation Using the SCARF Model

The article is devoted to the problem of selecting the organizational structure of the company during its implementation of digital transformation of business processes. The hypothesis of the study was that consideration of the needs of decision-makers can and should influence the choice of organisational structure changes during the transition to digital transformation of business processes. The decision makers for managing the integration of digital technologies into key aspects of a company's business activities have been shown to be CIOs. Motivational filters that characterize the needs of CIOs according to the SCARF model were presented in a hierarchical combination along with the types of company strategies that can be implemented during the digital transformation of business processes. The SCARF model, the Saaty hierarchy analysis method and the mixed-methods strategy provided the methodological basis for the study. The results demonstrate a justified choice of optimal organizational structure based on the factors of organizational behavior of IT directors and strategic priorities of the company. The presented results can be used to justify the decision to change the organizational structure of the company and to assess the social needs of decision makers.

Organizational and economic principles of marketing management at specialized agricultural enterprises

The article represents the disclosure of the organizational and economic principles of management of sales activities at specialized agricultural enterprises. It is substantiated that the transformation of the production structure of agrarian enterprises makes it possible to increase the economic efficiency of the production of crop and livestock products and its competitiveness, provided that a rational combination of the primary sectoral areas of specialization at the agricultural enterprise is observed. It was determined that the correction of the organizational structure is the main direction of corporate and economic restructuring, and the organizational structure itself is one of the three structural variables. Then one cannot but admit that its optimization must come along with the optimization of the production structure, on the one hand, and the optimization of the organizational management structure, on the other hand. Therefore, the objectively possible result of corporate and economic restructuring will be ensured if the optimal organizational structure is combined with the optimal production structure. It was established that the management of the sales activities at agricultural enterprises should be carried out based on the identification of the systemic nature influencing competitive and conjunctural factors using methodical approaches to the evaluation of the effectiveness of functioning of marketing channels of promotion and commercial channels of market distribution of products, as well as the comparison of the specified assessment with the results of determining sales opportunities of enterprises. At the same time, the company tries to improve the adaptability of its marketing and sales policy to increase the efficiency of the main activity by maximizing its commercial potential. Accordingly, the ways of using the toolkit to increase the efficiency of the production and marketing activities at agricultural enterprises by changing the position of the farming enterprise in the structure of existing channels of market distribution in the target markets for the sale of plant and livestock products are determined. Keywords: specialization, production structure, sales, competitiveness, agricultural enterprises.

Hospital Organizational Structure and Information Processing: An Entropy Perspective.

Organizational structure enables organizations to achieve their goals. The chosen organizational structure determines, to a large extent, the flow of information streams and the manner and extent to which roles, power, and responsibilities are delegated and coordinated to achieve the organization's goals. In this study, we applied information theory with entropy as the central concept to assess the effectiveness and costs of an organizational structure and its coordination processes. Entropy was used to measure the amount of uncertainty associated with probabilistic events. In the context of organizational design, entropy values can be assigned to specific organizational structures to gain insights into the factors that lead to delays in decision-making. We used Shannon's entropy theory to quantify Galbraith's organizational structure and coordination process as applied to the perinatology care system of Radboud University Medical Centre in the Netherlands. Our entropy analysis provided insights into how departments should be partitioned and which coordination mechanisms should be used to achieve organizational goals, such as minimizing delays in decision-making. Particularly, two types of entropy appear to be important: positional entropy and task allocation entropy. These are different dependent variables on the organizational design scenarios. Our analysis shows that entropy is one method to determine optimal organizational structures and coordination processes. Entropy can be used as a concrete way of assessing the effectiveness of organizational design given the level of uncertainty of the environment and the required speed of decision-making.

Organizational Design with Non-Contractible Quality

When contracting with an agent who is a worker of non-contractible quality, a principal considers mechanisms with an informed third party, a manager. To induce the manager to report worker quality truthfully, the principal devises the first-order alignment, an aligned contract based on first-order condition optimality. We show that the mechanism contracting simultaneously with the manager and the agent can dominate the optimal selling the project mechanism. This dominance, combined with the manager's information acquisition costs, results in three optimal organizational structures: simultaneous contracting, ex ante contracting, or partial revelation.

ШЛЯХИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНИХ СТРУКТУР ТОРГОВЕЛЬНИХ БІЗНЕС-СТРУКТУР: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

Goal. Determination of the optimal organizational structure of the trade business structure and identification of promising directions for its development. Method. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the fundamental and modern work of foreign and domestic specialists. The analysis of existing types of organizational structures of trade business structures is based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The study of prospects for the development of the organizational structure of trade business structures is based on the methodology of scientific abstraction. Results. Provision of effective organization of the trade business structure was considered, which will help increase the quality of trade service, speed up the circulation of goods, increase the profitability of trade enterprises as a whole, and in the future will contribute to the development of the country's economy. The current state of the trade industry was analyzed, and it was determined that the current state of the trade industry has significant potential for development, which contributes to increasing the competitiveness of the trade sector of Ukraine and creates new opportunities for business. Modern types of organizational structures of the trade business structure were analyzed, the main advantages and disadvantages of each type of organizational structure were identified. It is substantiated that the functioning of a powerful trading business structure should be built on the basis of a matrix management system, which will allow combining flexibility and coordination between different departments and ensure interaction between functional and project groups, which contributes to improving management efficiency. It was determined that the ways to improve the organizational structure of the trade business structure should include the following elements: motivation, organizational and legal element, methodical element, informational element, social and psychological, personnel, material and technical and element of financial support Scientific novelty. The current state of the trade industry and its development prospects were analyzed. The main organizational structures of trade business structures existing at the current stage of development were analyzed. Practical significance. The main directions for improving the organizational structure of the trade business structure based on the matrix structure were formulated. The main conclusions were made and recommendations were given regarding further ways of improving the matrix organizational structure for trade business structures.

THE WAYS OF IMPROVING ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES OF COMMERCIAL BUSINESS STRUCTURES: THEORETICAL ASPECT

Goal. Determination of the optimal organizational structure of the trade business structure and identification of promising directions for its development. Method. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the fundamental and modern work of foreign and domestic specialists. The analysis of existing types of organizational structures of trade business structures is based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The study of prospects for the development of the organizational structure of trade business structures is based on the methodology of scientific abstraction. Results. Provision of effective organization of the trade business structure was considered, which will help increase the quality of trade service, speed up the circulation of goods, increase the profitability of trade enterprises as a whole, and in the future will contribute to the development of the country's economy. The current state of the trade industry was analyzed, and it was determined that the current state of the trade industry has significant potential for development, which contributes to increasing the competitiveness of the trade sector of Ukraine and creates new opportunities for business. Modern types of organizational structures of the trade business structure were analyzed, the main advantages and disadvantages of each type of organizational structure were identified. It is substantiated that the functioning of a powerful trading business structure should be built on the basis of a matrix management system, which will allow combining flexibility and coordination between different departments and ensure interaction between functional and project groups, which contributes to improving management efficiency. It was determined that the ways to improve the organizational structure of the trade business structure should include the following elements: motivation, organizational and legal element, methodical element, informational element, social and psychological, personnel, material and technical and element of financial support Scientific novelty. The current state of the trade industry and its development prospects were analyzed. The main organizational structures of trade business structures existing at the current stage of development were analyzed. Practical significance. The main directions for improving the organizational structure of the trade business structure based on the matrix structure were formulated. The main conclusions were made and recommendations were given regarding further ways of improving the matrix organizational structure for trade business structures.

Critical evaluation of organizational structure and culture impact on the productivity of MFIs within the example of Agroleasing Leasing Credit Company LLC in Armenia

Nowadays, for surviving in dynamic and global environment, companies need to have strong organizational culture to have competitive production or service, flexibility for quick response of environmental changes, which can be achieved by optimal organizational structure. It will impact on the whole company's productivity and influence on better performance and duties balance.  The main purpose of this study is to identify the cultural and structural issues of the MFIs in Armenia, examine the best practice and give improvement action plan. Based on the literature review there are diverse studies that prove the relationship between structure and culture of the company and their correlation with productivity. Actually, organizational structure and culture have a great influence on the productivity, as the formal and informal communications between employees predict the level of their work efficiency. Being a driver of a company's execution, organizational culture and structure are connected with different activity outcomes. While examining the current situation in Agroleasing few problems were identified in accordance with productivity of the company. One of them is connected with the complicated organizational structure as there are several positions that are not used in reality. The other was linked with the absence of cultural behavior; the employees are acting based on their preferences and professional level. These two issues had a serious impact on the performance of the company. Summarizing the best approaches of literature review and identifying the problems of Agroleasing, several test-cases were organized in order to evaluate the current efficiency of the organizational structure and to understand the roots of employee's diverse behavior approaches. According to the results of researches recommendations were highlighted for each sphere. A new organizational structure was offered in order to simplify the complexity of the duties, also servant leadership behavior was recommended as a way of better internal cultural environment creation.

Clustering Product Development Project Organization From the Perspective of Social Network Analysis

In product development (PD) organizations, coordinating technical dependencies among teams with different expertise in overlapping processes is a fundamental challenge. This article takes a more sophisticated approach than prior methodologies to improve coordination via organizational clustering, by accounting for both team structural and attribute similarity from the perspective of social network analysis. We built models to quantify the impact of the overlapping processes on the interaction strength among PD teams, which we then used to construct structural similarity by combining tie strength and social cohesion among teams via the design structure matrix. To evaluate the organization network, we propose social embeddedness-related centrality indices within (intracluster) and across (intercluster) team groupings. To facilitate knowledge sharing, we base team attribute similarity on product- and process-related expertise among teams. We integrate the modularity index and an improved silhouette index to find an optimal number of clusters, which we then incorporate with team similarity measures as inputs to a spectral clustering algorithm. An industrial example illustrates the proposed model. The clustering results reinforce several managerial practices but also yield new insights, such as how to measure similarity among teams based on organizational network characteristics and how structural and attribute similarities impact the optimal organizational structure.

On the construction of optimal symmetrical hierarchical organizational structures

On the construction of optimal symmetrical hierarchical organizational structures

Transformation of the ambulance service during the COVID-19 pandemic: correlation and thematic analysis

BACKGROUND: Ensuring the availability and quality of an ambulance service, including specialized ambulance, medical care, and specialized medical care in emergency and emergency form for fatal diseases, accidents, injuries, poisoning, and other conditions that require urgent medical intervention is an integral part of the national security system and one of the most important areas of health development in the Russian Federation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, such tasks appeared in the organization of emergency and emergency medical care for patients as a prompt distribution to inpatient departments, considering the severity of the patients condition, their covid status, and the availability of free places in medical organizations in a specific region, compliance with the waiting time prescribed for emergency medical care, and cutting off the non-core calls.
 AIM: To determine the optimal organizational structure of the ambulance service in the subject of the Russian Federation.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Collection and statistical processing of information regarding the work of ambulance services in a specific region were carried out. Correlation-thematic analysis using the Pearsons coefficient was performed.
 RESULTS: During the under covid period from 2016 to 2019, the overall mortality rate showed a clear downward trend. However, during the pandemic, even without taking into account the excess mortality, there was an increase, while, in 2020, when compared with 2019, the increase was 12%. Moreover, despite the increase in excess mortality in 2021 relative to that in 2020 by almost four times, the total mortality (excluding COVID) remained almost at the same level. In addition, it should be noted that, in regions where the ambulance service was represented by a single legal entity during the epidemic, excess mortality was lower in comparison with that in the regions where ambulance service was represented by departments within the Central District hospitals.
 CONCLUSION: The period of the coronavirus epidemic has largely transformed the healthcare system. The presence of a Unified Dispatching Service or a unified ambulance service in a region has a positive effect on the quality indicators of its healthcare system. In addition, the formation of new units in the structure of the ambulance service, such as a department for remote counseling, allows not only to ensure more accessibility to patients but also to effectively use the financial resources of an institution.

Theoretical foundations of building an optimal organizational structure of the enterprise

Theoretical foundations of building an optimal organizational structure of the enterprise

MODELS AND METHODS OF DESIGNING THE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF A VIRTUAL TEAM

The modern organizational system is constantly exposed to the turbulent internal and external environment. To ensure the effective implementation of projects, programs and project portfolios, the activities of all human resources should be rationally coordinated. The use of information systems for the management of the organization's activities is a rational toolkit for the implementation of such tasks. To develop this information system, organizational structures should be analyzed in order to develop a model of an information analytical system to support personnel decision-making. The positive and negative sides of various organizational structures of organizations are considered. The subject of the study is resource management in projects of safety-oriented systems. Management of human resource management projects and programs in the civil defense system. The purpose of the article is to improve the efficiency of human resources management of the civil defense system of Ukraine. Research methods: the method of analyzing hierarchies, graphodynamic theory, empirical research, analysis and synthesis. The following results were obtained: It is proposed to use the graphical form of presentation of organizational models that belong to safety-oriented systems. Conclusions: A model of a multi-agent information system has been developed. To solve the task of finding the optimal organizational structure, an efficiency criterion has been defined, according to which a comparative analysis of organizational structures will be carried out, and such a criterion can be the manager's expenses for the formation of a project team. Therefore, the formation of virtual teams allows you to effectively manage the human resources of the project. They are formed from a group of applicants who are united by a common goal. In the project team where a temporary virtual organization is formed, it is allowed to use special expert knowledge and at the same time the experts do not cross each other. Also, this format allows you to form teams that have geographic restrictions and at the same time save resources.