Optimal Mode Research Articles

Modernization of small-sized drying plant for searching optimal modes with thermovision control

The climatic features of the Murmansk region (low average annual temperature; insignificant number of sunny days) do not contribute to the effective use of natural methods of drying aquatic organisms and determine the use of artificial dehydration methods using appropriate equipment. The capabilities of ship fish processing complexes are limited; highly productive coastal fish processing plants are required to supply the population with fish products. The development and testing of new drying modes has been carried out using a small-sized drying unit UPOR-M2. In the course of the study, a drying unit modernization project has been developed, equipment has been selected (thermal imaging system; damper and fan control modules), the system has been modernized and a number of experiments has been conducted to determine the effectiveness of the work performed. The modernization of the drying unit has made it possible to increase the accuracy of the data obtained by 25 % (temperature), 20 % (relative humidity), 18 % (weight), to implement remote control of the processes and to ensure reliable operation of the drying system. Further research of different drying modes for aquatic organisms should include upgrading the air supply control system and improving communication equipment.

The Legal System of Natural Ecological Protection and Restoration in Newly Built Areas Based on the Multi-Dimensional Character-Istics of the Ecosystem

Natural environment protection compensation refers to the legal system that protects the natural ecological environment, protects the natural environment and makes the beneficiaries of the natural environment get compensation by some means, so as to adjust the interests of the relevant subjects of natural ecological environment protection. This paper discusses the ecosystem service function and its type division of newly built areas in Ganjiang, and the emergy evaluation of ecosystem service function of newly built areas in Ganjiang, establishes the regular scheduling and joint optimal scheduling models of natural ecosystem service value single reservoir, intro-duces the corresponding model solving methods, and applies the ant colony algorithm to the optimal schedule is a lesson. According to the ant colony algorithm, the best way to study the region is to determine these algorithms. Combined with the kernel density analysis method, the spatial scope, potential corridors and key recovery points of ecological corridors are identified, and the optimization mode of natural ecological security pattern of Shule River is constructed. The experimental results show that the optimized ant colony algorithm proves that joint scheduling plays a more prominent role in ecological environment protection, mainly in ecological support and ecological regulation. At the same time, it verifies the applicability of ant colony algorithm in joint scheduling, and improves the average protection efficiency of natural ecology to 20.9%.

CO-PROCESSING OF COTTON SOAPSTOCK, COAL DUST AND POLYMER WASTE BY PYROLYSIS METHOD

The work is aimed at solving the problems of rational consumption of secondary raw materials on the basis of carbon-containing waste of industries, saturation of the market with additional products and protection of the environment from the toxic effects of waste. Aim of work: the study of the co-pyrolysis process of gossypol resin (GR) from cotton soapstock of "Shymkentmay" JSC, coal dust (CD) of Kulan deposit and plastics waste (PW) in N2 medium. The methodology of work included the establishment of optimal modes of the process, determination of yield, composition and properties of pyrolysis products. Analysis of pyrolysis products by IR spectroscopy, XRD, chromatomass spectrometry. Study of the component composition of liquid pyrolysis products by the method of extraction separation in Soxhlet apparatus into oils, asphaltenes and resins. Assessment of perspectivity of co- pyrolytic processing of carbon-containing wastes from different industries for industrial development. Results and discussion. The optimum temperature of GR pyrolysis (T=450 ⁰С) was established, at which the yield of liquid product was on average 33.01 wt.%, gas yield – 60.33 wt.%, yield of solid residue – 6.65 wt.%. The co-pyrolysis of GR and CD at 1:1 ratio and T=500 ⁰C in N2 atmosphere was investigated for the first time. A high yield of liquid product – 47.34 wt.%, low gas formation – 2.31 wt.% and a large amount of solid residue – 50.34 wt.% were observed, which is apparently due to the formation of coal semicoke and coke. The process of co- pyrolysis of GR, CD with D=90 μm and PW (PE:HPPP – 1:1) at the ratio of 1:1:1 and temperatures of 500 ⁰С-700 ⁰С in N2 atmosphere was investigated for the first time. It is shown that the main contribution to the formation of liquid products in the given temperature regimes is made by GR and PW. Conclusion. Co-processing of carbon-containing wastes was found to be of interest and practical importance, both in terms of obtaining marketable products and maintaining a safe ecology.

Decision Analysis of Game Behavior for the Fresh Food Industry: Potential Entrants, Incumbents and Consumers

This paper conducts a decision analysis of game behavior for the fresh food industry, including potential entrants, incumbents and consumers. Potential entrants are the key research object in the analysis of game behavior. The Stackelberg model, considering the uncertainty of market, consumer preference, freshness and greenness of fresh products, is used to analyze the best entry strategies for potential entrants. This paper then establishes an evolutionary game model to further analyze the most optimal entry mode of potential entrants. The combination of two game models can help potential entrants determine the optimal price, output, product freshness, greenness and sales channels.

“Understanding Dementia Together”: The Design, Delivery and Evaluation of a Collaborative Inter-professional Dementia Workshop for Healthcare Students

Abstract Background A collaborative, multi-disciplinary team input is crucial for the optimal management of a person with dementia. Interprofessional learning (IPL) has benefits at undergraduate level. Allowing students to engage in IPL pre-qualification enables them to understand the value of a collaborative approach in improving patient care, and this insight may cultivate future collaboration. The aim of this study was to develop, deliver and evaluate an IPL dementia workshop for healthcare students across a broad range of relevant disciplines. A secondary aim was to determine the extent of perceived clinical application of learned knowledge in students who completed the workshop and subsequently underwent clinical placement. Methods This study adopted a social constructivist pedagogical approach. A steering group was formed which included faculty members from 11 healthcare disciplines. Disciplines represented included medicine, nursing, dentistry, physiotherapy, radiography, radiation therapy, audiology, speech and language therapy, pharmacy, occupational therapy and paramedicine. Kern's map for the development of a curriculum in medical education informed the development of the intervention. The Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale questionnaire was used to assess students’ knowledge. Results 102 students completed the pre and post workshop surveys. There was a statistically significant increase in student's knowledge (t (11) = -5.251, p≤0.001) and communication scores (Z=-7.792, p≤0.001) post workshop. The follow up of students on clinical placement showed a perceived behavioural change in communication modification, with 79% of students stating that they have changed the way they communicate with a person with dementia. Conclusion The findings of this study provide insight into the optimum modes of design and delivery of an IPL dementia workshop, state of knowledge, confidence, and role recognition across a broad spectrum of healthcare students. The longitudinal follow up of students on clinical placement established perceived behavioural change due to the training.

Multi-Objective Optimization and Reconstruction of Distribution Networks with Distributed Power Sources Based on an Improved BPSO Algorithm

The continuous integration of distributed power into the distribution network has increased the complexity of the distribution network and created challenges in distribution-network reconfiguration. In order to make the distribution network operate in the optimal mode, this paper establishes a multi-objective reconfiguration-optimization model that takes into account active network loss, voltage offset, number of switching actions and distributed power output. For a distribution network with a distributed power supply, it is easy for the traditional binary particle swarm optimization algorithm to fall into a local optimum. In order to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm and avoid premature convergence, this paper adopts an improved binary particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve the problem. The IEEE33 node system is used as an example for simulation verification. The experimental results show that the algorithm improves the convergence speed and global search ability, effectively reduces the system network loss, and greatly improves the voltage level of each node. It improves the stability and economy of distribution-network operation and can effectively solve the problem of multi-objective reconfiguration.

WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT

Increasing the productivity of production systems and equipment in the meat industry is inextricably linked with maintenance activities. The article analyzes the influence of manufacturability, hygiene, reliability, simplicity of equipment design on the main indicators of the quality of meat products. It is shown that the Total Productive Maintenance (TRM) and Lean production strategy is an important tool for evaluating the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) indicator, which is used to evaluate the main types of losses that reduce the efficiency of equipment. The relationship of structural and mechanical characteristics of food masses, humidity of raw materials, temperature and viscosity, processing pressure, density on the optimal operating modes of the equipment is analyzed. Using the OEE concept, the time losses associated with the functioning of the equipment are determined. The types of losses are classified: downtime and changeover (availability or readiness) of equipment, short-term shutdown of equipment and reduction of processing speed (equipment performance), defective products and product losses at startup (quality) of equipment. The application of this method of studying the overall efficiency of the equipment can be applied to any technological equipment used in the meat industry and will eliminate many problems that arise during the operation of technological equipment, improve its technical and economic indicators, develop a system of measures to improve its maintenance and repair. Using this concept, it is possible to systematize the factors that reduce the efficiency of the equipment. At the same time, it is proved that information about the factors affecting the loss of equipment operation time allows you to create a system for maintenance and repair of equipment.

Quality of high-carbon wire rod from steel obtained by various smelting methods

This article considers modern methods of steel production and their impact on the quality of wire rod made from grade 80 steel and applied for hardware products manufacturing. From research data on the chemical composition of wire rod produced by the oxygen-converter method and in an arc steelmakingfurnace, it can be noted that, in general, the chemical composition of the wire rod meets the requirements, while the steel produced in the converter contains less phosphorus, sulfur and non-ferrous metal impurities and nitrogen. This fact should have a beneficial effect on the ductility of the wire during further cold drawing. The analysis of the quality indicators of the finished wire rod produced from billets obtained according to various technological schemes showed that the integral quality indicator is at the same level when using optimal modes of out-of-furnace processing and continuous casting of steel.

The Results of the Laboratory Study on the Separating Fiber Flax Seed Balls when Combing the Standing Plants with a Single-Rotor Comb-Dresser

Introduction. The low purity of combing flax seed balls with flax harvesters is a problem for the technological operation when harvesting fibre flax. The analysis of the comb designs of the combing units made it possible to identify the main disadvantages that do not fully meet the agrotechnical requirements for harvesting fiber flax. An innovative design of a removable comb for single-rotor drum-type harvesters is proposed.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at determining the purity of combing the standing fiber flax stems using a single-rotor comb-dresser with removable combs.Materials and Methods. There has been made an experimental setup to simulate the process of combing standing fiber flax plants with combs of a single-rotor comb dresser. During the period from 2018–2023, the design parameters and operating modes of the combing unit were investigated and justified. There has been developed a technique for conducting a multifactorial experiment to determine the purity of combing fiber flax using a combing drum-type unit with removable combs.Results. The results of laboratory studies on the separating flax balls from the standing fiber flax stems by removable combs are presented to determine the combing quality. It has been found that the purity of combing fiber flax plants is up to 99.2%.Discussion and Conclusion. When studying the technological process of combing Nadezhda standing fiber flax plants the with single-rotor drum removable combs, the physico-mechanical properties of the flax stems were studied in laboratory conditions, the optimal operating modes of the combing drum were determined, which ensure the purity of the stems above 98% that meets the agrotechnical requirements for flax combines.

The effect of physical exercise on depression among college students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The goal of the present research was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical exercise intervention in enhancing psychological well-being and decreasing symptoms of depression among college students, adopting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The study was performed by searching four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) to determine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exploring the impacts of physical exercise therapies among college students with symptoms of depression. The sequential execution of a meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and publication bias analyses was accomplished utilizing the software package RevMan version 5.3. There were eight articles included. This research demonstrated a significant impact (d = -0.75, P < 0.05), indicating that physical exercise has a substantial impact on decreasing or mitigating depression. The subgroup analyses revealed that interventions involving physical exercise workouts lasting 12 weeks or longer (d = -0.93, P < 0.05), with physical exercise sessions lasting between 30 and 60 min (d = -0.77, P < 0.05), and with physical exercise performed minimum of three times a week (d = -0.90, P < 0.05) were the most effective in reducing symptoms of depression. Physical exercise interventions have a beneficial impact on reducing depression among college students. The optimal mode was discovered to be college students participating in each session for a duration of 30 to 60 min, at least three times per week, and for more than 12 weeks. College students are encouraged to cultivate a consistent and long-term physical exercise routine to sustain their physical and mental health.

Triglobal resolvent-analysis-based control of separated flows around low-aspect-ratio wings

We perform direct numerical simulations of actively controlled laminar separated wakes around low-aspect-ratio wings with two primary goals: (i) reducing the size of the separation bubble and (ii) attenuating the wing tip vortex. Instead of preventing separation, we modify the three-dimensional (3-D) dynamics to exploit wake vortices for aerodynamic enhancements. A direct wake modification is considered using optimal harmonic forcing modes from triglobal resolvent analysis. For this study, we consider wings at angles of attack of $14^\circ$ and $22^\circ$ , taper ratios $0.27$ and $1$ , and leading edge sweep angles of $0^\circ$ and $30^\circ$ , at a mean-chord-based Reynolds number of $600$ . The wakes behind these wings exhibit 3-D reversed-flow bubble and large-scale vortical structures. For tapered swept wings, the diversity of wake vortices increases substantially, posing a challenge for flow control. To achieve the first control objective for an untapered unswept wing, root-based actuation at the shedding frequency is introduced to reduce the reversed-flow bubble size by taking advantage of the wake vortices to significantly enhance the aerodynamic performance of the wing. For both untapered and tapered swept wings, root-based actuation modifies the stalled flow, reduces the reversed-flow region and enhances aerodynamic performance by increasing the root contribution to lift. For the goal of controlling the tip vortex, we demonstrate the effectiveness of actuation with high-frequency perturbations near the tip. This study shows how insights from resolvent analysis for unsteady actuation can enable global modification of 3-D separated wakes and achieve improved aerodynamics of wings.

Application of improved adaptive method of CEEMD and data-drive in fault diagnosis

PurposeThe diagnosis and prediction methods used for estimating the health conditions of the bearing are of great significance in modern petrochemical industries. This paper aims to discuss the accuracy and stability of improved empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm in bearing fault diagnosis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts the improved adaptive complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (ICEEMD) to process the nonlinear and nonstationary signals. Two data sets including a multistage centrifugal fan data set from the laboratory and a motor bearing data set from the Case Western Reserve University are used to perform experiments. Furthermore, the proposed fault diagnosis method, combined with intelligent methods, is evaluated by using two data sets. The proposed method achieved accuracies of 99.62% and 99.17%. Through the experiment of two data, it can be seen that the proposed algorithm has excellent performance in the accuracy and stability of diagnosis.FindingsAccording to the review papers, as one of the effective decomposition methods to deal with nonlinear nonstationary signals, the method based on EMD has been widely used in bearing fault diagnosis. However, EMD is often used to figure out the nonlinear nonstationarity of fault data, but the traditional EMD is prone to modal confusion, and the white noise in signal reconstruction is difficult to eliminate.Research limitations/implicationsIn this paper only the top three optimal intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) are selected, but IMFs with less correlation cannot completely deny their value. Considering the actual working conditions of petrochemical units, the feasibility of this method in compound fault diagnosis needs to be studied.Originality/valueDifferent from traditional methods, ICEEMD not only does not need human intervention and setting but also improves the extraction efficiency of feature information. Then, it is combined with a data-driven approach to complete the data preprocessing, and further carries out the fault identification and classification with the optimized convolutional neural network.

The Effect of Cryotherapy on Buccal Blood Vessels Evaluated by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Pilot Study.

While cryotherapy is one of the traditional ways to reduce postoperative complications in maxillofacial surgery, the cooling degree is not regulated in most cases and the achieved effect is not properly controlled. Therefore, to develop optimal cooling modes, we propose to study the buccal vascular response to cooling, which has not been previously shown. To evaluate the effect of cooling, we analyzed vessel networks using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). The cheek vessels were OCT-A monitored using cooling by an ice bag/cooling mask. We found the advantages of using a cooling mask over an ice bag consist of a statistically significant decrease in the perfused vessel density (PVD) of the papillary layer at the oral mucosa. The absence of the reticular layer vessel reaction to any type of cooling was noted. We argue for the necessity to develop optimal modes of cryotherapy, which will contribute to blood perfusion reduction and reduction of PVD recovery.

Synthesis of titanium diboride by electric arc plasma in air

The paper reports data that demonstrate the feasibility of vacuum-free electric arc synthesis of titanium diboride. An optimal energy mode was found to synthesize submicron titanium diboride powder with the hexagonal lattice parameters a = 3.03 ± 0.04 Å, c = 3.23 ± 0.04 Å with no impurity crystal phases in its composition. A bulk ceramic sample with relative density of 99.1 % and hardness of 18 GPa was consolidated from the synthesized powder. The powder and bulk ceramic samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Structure of the synthesized material has a positive effect on the densification of the material. The sintered grains already formed in the process of synthesis under the influence of external pressure and heating from the current flow sinter each other, forming a single target structure with a minimum number of pores, of oxide impurities. Raman spectroscopy was employed to analyze the homogenized precursor mixture, synthesized powder, and TiB2-based bulk ceramic sample. The obtained Raman spectrum of sintering powder is characteristic of TiB2-based materials with a low concentration.

Entropic Regression Dynamic Mode Decomposition (ERDMD) Discovers Informative Sparse and Nonuniformly Time Delayed Models

In this work, we present a method that determines optimal multistep Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) models via Entropic Regression (ER), which is a nonlinear information flow detection algorithm. Motivated by the Higher-Order DMD (HODMD) method of [Le Clainche &amp; Vega, 2017], and the ER technique for network detection and model construction found in [Sun et al., 2015; AlMomani et al., 2020], we develop a method that we call ERDMD, which produces high fidelity time-delay DMD models that allow for nonuniformity in the delays. This optimal choice of delays is discovered by maximizing informativity as measured through ER. These models are shown to be highly efficient and robust. We test our method over several data sets generated by chaotic attractors and show that we are able to build excellent reconstructions using relatively minimal models. We likewise are able to better identify multiscale features via our models which enhances the utility of DMD.

Laered composite hydrogenated films of zirconium and niobium: method of production and control of properties by thermopower method

In this work, to obtain layered materials with the inclusion of hydrogen, Nb/Zr films with different numbers of layers from 50 to 100 were used. The films were sputtered onto a silicon substrate using the vacuum-magnetron method in a specialized installation. The film thickness was varied from 10 to 50 nm. The resulting material was hydrogenated with protons on a TPU electrostatic generator with an energy of up to 1,2 MeV. The optimal modes for deposition of nano-sized metal multilayer Zr/Nb systems have been determined: for a Zr target, the specific power of the sputtering system is 37,9 W/cm2, for a Nb target — 26,4 W/cm2. A coating with clear boundaries between the individual layers of zirconium and niobium was obtained. It is shown that the optimal modes for studying nano-sized Zr/Nb layers are pressure 700 Pa, power 40 W, frequency 2 kHz, plasma fill factor 12,5 % for coatings with a thickness of individual layers of 100 nm. For coatings with individual layer thicknesses from 10 to 50 nm, the optimal pressure is 650 Pa, power 40 W, frequency 1 kHz. To control properties, the thermopower method is used. It was revealed that after proton irradiation there is an intensive accumulation of hydrogen atoms near the interfaces, which entails a change in the thermopower up to an inversion of its sign. The hydrogen distribution is predominantly bimodal, with local maxima in hydrogen concentration observed at the Nb/Zr interface, and the accumulation at the Zr/Nb interface is significantly lower. Hydrogen localization near the interfaces occurs predominantly in the vicinity of zirconium.

Effect of Adaptations on Morphophysiological Indicators of High-Producing Dairy Cows

In this article, we conduct a study of the impact of adaptation of dairy cows. The aim is to study the influence of the morphological basis of adaptation. Health is one of the main indicators of the degree of adaptation of animals. The state of the body, in which all its organs, systems and functions interact with each other in an optimal mode and are harmoniously balanced with environmental factors, indicates a high degree of adaptability of animals. Currently, highly effective methods have been developed in physiology to determine the level of life support of the body and the compliance of the external environment with the needs of animals. The ability of biological systems to withstand changes and maintain dynamic constancy of composition, function and properties is the essence of homeostasis, the body and the population as a whole.

Impact of wind turbine nominal power limitation over wind turbine blade remaining useful life and its economic consequences

The present paper investigates the effects of wind turbine nominal power limitation on the remaining useful life of turbine blades. It also looks at the economic impact of this limitation. In this context, the paper provides wind turbine owners and operators with an overview of how to potentially extend the remaining useful life of wind turbine blades and lays out the economic benefits that can be achieved via the modulation of nominal power. In investigating wind turbine blade damage, prior studies focused mainly on predictive models based on the 10 minutes SCADA data wind speed history, without however, trying to protract the remaining useful life of the blades. Only a handful of papers have explored the possibility of increasing the remaining useful life by adjusting the start-up and shutdown procedures with poor results. It would appear that wind turbine blade fatigue damage mainly increases when the wind turbine is in a power production regime, and the mechanical stresses associated with this regime are a function of the nominal power of the wind turbine. The present work therefore investigates the impacts of nominal power changes on both the remaining useful life of wind turbine blades and the economic value of the wind turbine in a bid to identify an optimal control mode. The wind turbine blade damage evaluation is based on 10 minutes SCADA data and the FAST simulation tool with the ultimate goal of providing wind turbine operators with an easy application. The damage evaluation is then applied considering different nominal power levels for the same wind turbine model in order to see the resulting impact on the remaining useful life. This project therefore takes a pioneering approach by proposing a remaining useful life optimization tool to wind turbine operators, in effect, a decision-making tool regarding which exploitation strategy to adopt.

PRECIOUS study (PREterm Caesarean/vaginal birth and IVH/OUtcomeS): does mode of birth reduce the risk of death or brain injury in very preterm babies? A cohort and emulated target trial protocol

IntroductionVery preterm babies are at risk of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes and death. Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) after birth is the most prevalent cause of this. Birth by caesarean section may protect...

Target Trial Emulation: Impact of C-Section on Birth Outcomes for Spontaneous Preterm Breech Presentations

Breech presentation is a risk factor for poor birth outcomes. Guidance for safest mode of delivery in breech presenting full term pregnancies is available but there is a lack of evidence on the optimal mode of delivery in breech presenting preterm spontaneous births. The aim of this study is to evaluate the causal effect of mode of delivery on extended perinatal death (EPD) in this population using a trial emulation. Randomized experiments are the gold standard for estimating causal effects; however, previous attempts to conduct them in this context has resulted in recruitment challenges. Causal inference methods provide a framework for drawing causal conclusions from observational data. A trial emulation aims to overcome limitations common to observational studies by specifying core components of a randomized trial using observational data. Our trial emulation uses national Scottish health data to identify an eligible study sample and adjust for confounding characteristics between groups undergoing caesarean and vaginal deliveries to simulate randomized assignment of mode of delivery. We were able to estimate the per-protocol impact of caesarean delivery on EPD. Our data, containing all recorded potentially eligible births in Scotland between 1997 and 2019, was provided by eDRIS in a trusted research environment. After applying our eligibility criteria, our data contained 3,457 birth records, (2,361 c-section and 1,096 vaginal deliveries). There were 212 EPDs (1.7% (39) of c-sections and 16% (173) of vaginal deliveries). Our preliminary results suggest that caesarean delivery reduces the odds of EPD by 73% among breech presenting spontaneous preterm births.