The process of transition is an overall success. If we look at the way in which macroeconomic balances have been largely restored and consider inflation rates, budgetary discipline and monetary stability, it can be seen that the trend is very positive. With respect to structural elements, it can also be said that it has been a success. These results have been accompanied by a thoroughgoing redirection of trade flows from east to west. This is one of the most substantial changes in modern economic history. For these reasons, enlargement is an opportunity for Europe. It is important, not to compare per capita income, but to examine the state of structures and of the institutional and legal environment that provides a potential for sustainable growth. And financial stability and macro-economic discipline should be included in that environment. JEL classifications : F15, P20