Opportunistic Research Articles

Las vacunas como bienes sociales

La Argentina pasó de contar con uno de los Calendarios Nacionales de Vacunación más completos del mundo, a tener durante los últimos años un faltante de vacunas para atender a la población. En este trabajo se analizan, por un lado, los cambios ocurridos en la producción de vacunas a nivel internacional, con la consolidación monopólica de un grupo de compañías farmacéuticas multinacionales. Por otro lado, se describe la situación en Argentina, su interrelación con el mercado internacional y los actores involucrados. Se propone una estrategia integral para abordar el desarrollo y producción de vacunas, aprovechando la experiencia y las capacidades científico tecnológicas con que cuenta el país. Se sugieren algunas recomendaciones en relación al mercado de vacunas global y el surgimiento de la COVID y se dejan abiertos una serie de interrogantes a resolver, para poder lograr el acceso de toda la población a este bien social.

Criminology Units Should Sidestep Embargoes on Green Access by Adopting and Taking Advantage of a Rights-Retention Policy

Criminology Units Should Sidestep Embargoes on Green Access by Adopting and Taking Advantage of a Rights-Retention Policy

Effect of Vitamin D, Selenium, or Zinc Supplementation in HIV: A Systematic Review

We conducted a systematic review to examine evidence from randomized controlled trials studying the effect of Vitamin D, selenium, or zinc supplementation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An electronic literature search was carried out using Ovid Medline, Embase, CINHAL, Cochrane Center Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Systematic Reviews, Psych Info and PubMed. Eligible articles were assessed for methodological quality on the basis of the adequacy of the randomization process, concealment of allocation, blinding of intervention and outcome, and completeness of follow-up. A total of 24 single supplement trials (Vitamin D, selenium, and zinc) involving 5948 participants were included for this review. Evidence from seven Vitamin D trials showed no damaging or beneficial effect of Vitamin D supplementation on HIV disease progression in HIV-infected adults or children/adolescents. Six of the selenium studies found that providing daily selenium supplementation to HIV-infected adults' increased CD4 cell counts and reduce the risk of diarrhea morbidity and hospital admission rate for HIV-related conditions and opportunistic infection in HIV-infected adults. Evidence from eleven zinc trials showed some evidence of a potential beneficial effect of zinc supplementation on diarrhea morbidity and immune function. However, further research in larger and more diverse populations of HIV patients is required to fully investigate the effect of these nutrients on clinically relevant outcomes in HIV disease, the optimal dose, and the cost-benefit or cost-effectiveness of Vitamin D, selenium, or zinc supplementation.

Random forest classifier‐based safe and reliable routing for opportunistic IoT networks

SummaryDesigning a safe and reliable way for communicating the messages among the devices and humans forming the Opportunistic Internet of Things network (OppIoT) has been a challenge since the broadcast mode of message sharing is used. To contribute toward addressing such challenge, this paper proposes a Random Forest Classifier (RFC)‐based safe and reliable routing protocol for OppIoT (called RFCSec) which ensures space efficiency, hash‐based message integrity, and high packet delivery, simultaneously protecting the network against safety threats viz. packet collusion, hypernova, supernova, and wormhole attacks. The proposed RFCSec scheme is composed of two phases. In the first one, the RFC is trained on real data trace, and based on the output of this training, the second phase consists in classifying the encountered nodes of a given node as belonging to one of the output classes of nodes based on their past behavior in the network. This helps in proactively isolating the malicious nodes from participating in the routing process and encourages the participation of the ones with good message forwarding behavior, low packet dropping rate, high buffer availability, and a higher probability of delivering the messages in the past. Simulation results using the ONE simulator show that the proposed RFCSec secure routing scheme is superior to the MLProph, RLProph, and CAML routing protocols, chosen as benchmarks, in terms of legitimate packet delivery, probability of message delivery, count of dropped messages, and latency in packet delivery. The out‐of‐bag error obtained is also minimal

Embroidery using eco-friendly buttons as an approach to the innovation of aesthetically formulated for handicrafts

Embroidery is an executive rather than creative work, where his success depends on the good selection of materials, colors and techniques used by the embroidery and his proficiency in implementation, and given the scarcity of studies in which embroidery depends on the buttons made of plastic - metal - wood) in embroidery to highlight the aesthetic value of the buttons when used in embroidery, because the buttons are not used as a basic material for embroidery on the fabric in different shapes creating formative formulations Aesthetic for handicrafts, where the main research problem crystallizes in the possibility of benefiting from "embroidery with buttons (an environmental material) as an introduction to creating formative aesthetic formulations for handicrafts" where the research aims to take advantage of the aesthetic formulas of the buttons as an innovative environmental material and the importance of research lies in providing new entries for the materials used ( The buttons) in embroidery also paid attention to studying the expressive aspect affecting the formulas of the embroidery for buttons, where the researcher reached several results, including statistically significant differences between the averages of degrees of specialists agreement on the success and acceptance of the implemented products (embroidered with buttons) in a total way where the seventh product got the highest degree to achieve the goal while they got The twenty-sixth products are on the last center and the research recommends attention to the exploitation of environmental raw materials such as buttons in developing the skills of individuals through manual

Withdrawn: COVID-19 is ageist, sexist, ruthless, dispassionate and opportunistic – Protecting our vulnerable

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal

Opportunistic Screening Didn't Lead to Better Detection of Atrial Fibrillation

Because atrial fibrillation (AF) sometimes can be asymptomatic, it often is discovered only after a potentially preventable stroke has occurred. More

COVID-19 - gastrointestinal and gut microbiota-related aspects.

The aim of this review paper was to discuss the gut microbiota-related aspects of COVID-19 patients. We presented the faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2, gut microbiota imbalance, and fecal microbiota transplantation as a hidden source of this virus. We analyzed the available literature (PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar databases) regarding COVID-19 and gut microbiota related aspects. The gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort/pain, may occur in these patients. Notably, these symptoms may contribute to the severity of COVID-19. Recent several studies have revealed a new SARS-CoV-2 transmission possibility, opening a fresh view on COVID-19. It is observed the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via faecal-oral route. Fecal microbiota transplantation may be a hidden source of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 and other factors may significantly alter the composition of gut microbiota. Among others, loss of bacterial diversity, the decrease of commensal microbes as well as the increase of opportunistic pathogens are observed. The alterations of gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients consequently may lead to the development of gut dysbiosis-related diseases even after recovery from COVID-19. Therefore, it is recommended to screen stool samples taken from recovered patients at least 35 days after clearance of virus from respiratory tract. Before 35 days period, SARS-CoV-2 may still be detected in feces. It is also recommended to screen the composition as well as the activity of gut microbiota to assess its balance. In the case of gut dysbiosis, there should be introduced an appropriate method of its modulation. Additionally, all the fecal samples which are prepared for fecal microbiota transplantation should be tested for SARS-CoV-2 to provide protection for its recipients.

KAJIAN BUKU AJAR SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SAINS PERSPEKTIF INTEGRASI PEMBELAJARAN SAINS DAN ISLAM MI

Abstract: This study aims to describe the content of science textbooks of class I and IV the 1st half 2013 curriculum for teachers and students based on the integration of science and Islam, and explain the patterns of integration of science and islam in the textbooks of science in Elementary School.
 The result showed that the content of science textbooks of class I and IV in elementary school is based on the integration of science and islam but it is not significantly. This is indicated by the amount of text its contents are still a bit of general nature, such as a quick description of almaighty God as the creator, the diversity of his creation, suggestions for ingratitute towards God and creation take advantage for a good purpose.
 There are six patterns of integration of science and islam in the textbooks of science in elementary school, such as similarisasi, parallelization, complementation, comparison, inductivication, and verification, however, the existing pattern in the textbooks of class I and IV semesters 1 at elementary school is only one pattern, it is induktivikasi pattern.

Contribuição da monitoria acadêmica de Enfermagem em clínica cirurgia sobre a perspectiva do discente-monitor

Objetivo: Relatar vivências de acadêmicos de enfermagem no desempenho de suas atividades de monitoria do componente curricular “Enfermagem em Clínica e Cirúrgica”, descrevendo contribuições e trabalho desenvolvido por monitores em Universidade Pública do Norte do Brasil. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado a partir da vivência de discentes na monitoria do componente curricular “Enfermagem em Clínica Cirúrgica”, que, no curso de graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade, é oferecida a discentes do 5º semestre, com a carga horaria semestral de 200 horas, divididas em aulas teóricas e práticas. Resultados: Foi possível estabelecer uma aproximação maior com os conteúdos ministrados e obtidos na grade curricular do curso de graduação em enfermagem, uma vez que para exercer o papel de aluno-monitor, precisa-se apropriar dos conteúdos e buscar atualizações nas literaturas disponíveis para aproveitar a melhor experiência possível que a monitoria tem a oferecer. Conclusão: A monitoria acadêmica, estimula o aprimoramento do conhecimento técnico científico do discente-monitor, oferecendo-lhe oportunidades de diversas experiências, como a de liderança nos estudos em grupos, ensaio à docência e aprimoramento das técnicas realizadas em práticas hospitalares.

Were it business opportunities or hidden risks: Observations on clinical trials and marketing authorizations of Gilead Science's remdesivir in China.

New drugs against the in COVID-19 pandemic are urgently needed. Gilead Science's remdesivir has been introduced to China through special approval procedures, and was directly conducting the Phase III clinical trial. As expected, the marketing authorization process was completed soon. The drug brought hope to patients as well as business opportunities to companies. However, we must pay attention to the patent competition, generic drug competition and other unfair competition that remdesivir may face in China. China also needs to strengthen the innovation ability and international cooperation ability of local pharmaceutical companies by taking advantages of the opportunity to introduce remdesivir.

Epidemiology and aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children: South African Thoracic Society guidelines (part 1)

Background. Pneumonia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among South African (SA) children. Improved immunisation regimens, strengthening of HIV programmes, better socioeconomic conditions and new preventive strategies have influenced the epidemiology of pneumonia. Furthermore, sensitive diagnostic tests and better sampling methods in young children improve aetiological diagnosis. Objectives. To summarise current information on childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) epidemiology and aetiology in children as part of the revised South African Thoracic Society guidelines. Methods. The Paediatric Assembly of the South African Thoracic Society and the National Institute for Communicable Diseases expert subgroup on epidemiology and aetiology revised the existing SA guidelines.The subgroup reviewed the published evidence in their area; in the absence of evidence, expert opinion was accepted. Evidence was graded using the British Thoracic Society (BTS) grading system, and the relevant section underwent peer review. Results. Respiratory viruses, particularly respiratory syncytial virus, are the key pathogens associated with hospitalisation for radiologically confirmed pneumonia in HIV-uninfected children. Opportunistic organisms, including Pneumocystis jirovecii , are important pathogens in HIV-infected infants, while non-typable Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus are important in older HIV-infected children. Co-infections with bacteria or other respiratory viruses are common in hospitalised children. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is common in children hospitalised with CAP in SA. Conclusions. Numerous public health measures, including changes in immunisation schedules and expansion of HIV prevention and treatment programmes, have influenced the epidemiology and aetiology of CAP in SA children. These changes have necessitated a revision of the South African Paediatric CAP guidelines, further sections of which will be published as part of a CME series in SAMJ .

Assessment of the causes of mortality among HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects immune system, thereby impairing the normal functions of immune system. Causes of mortality among HIV patients have become more diverse and deaths from AIDS-related diseases have continued to change over the years. This study aimed to assess causes of death among HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania. A retrospective hospital-based study involving 164 HIV patients admitted in the medical wards of Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital from January to September, 2018. Information concerning the causes of death were accessed through the medical records and copies of death certificates. The results showed that out of the 164 HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital from January to September, 2018, 98(59.76%) died due to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 31(18.90%) died due to Cryptococcal meningitis, 26(15.85%) died due to tuberculosis, 04(2.44%) died due to toxoplasmosis, and 05(3.05%) died due to opportunistic diarrhea. This study has found that the leading cause of mortality among the HIV patients admitted in Morogoro Regional Referral Hospital from January to September, 2018 was P. carinii pneumonia followed by C. meningitis. Key words: HIV patients, retrospective, immune system, mortality.

Mechanism of Colistin Resistance to Acinetobacter Baumannii and its Progress: A Review Article

Acinetobacter baumannii is ubiquitous in nature and classified as non-fermented gram-negative bacilli...

Regularización dominial de inmuebles rurales para agricultores familiares

El presente artículo analiza la modificación efectuada por la Ley N° 27.118 a la Ley N° 24.374 (conocida como Ley Pierri, cuyo objeto es la regularización dominial de inmuebles urbanos), alcanzando con su entrada en vigencia a los agricultores familiares poseedores de inmuebles rurales donde residan y produzcan, como beneficiarios de la ley, concediéndoles de tal modo la posibilidad de acogerse a los beneficios de esta ley de regularización dominial para obtener su título de propiedad. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre la ausencia a la fecha, de reglamentación en la provincia de Buenos Aires de la Ley N° 27.118, y se enumeran algunos aspectos a tener en cuenta, fundamentalmente con la finalidad de poder incluir como beneficiarios de la regularización a los agricultores familiares que habitan y producen en la zona denominada "cordón flori-frutihortícola de La Plata", considerado uno de los sectores de mayor producción de frutas y verduras del país.

La corrupción de los funcionarios públicos en tiempos del coronavirus

The coronavirus pandemic that is currently scourging humanity has managed to take our capacity for surprise to unsuspected limits: on the one hand, we observe through the mass media high- ranking officers of the Peruvian National Police buying products at exorbitant prices that they do not meet quality standards (masks, gloves, etc.) to hand over to their colleagues who valiantly risk their life to take care for ours; to provincial and district mayors making their own stock of basic necessities, and also magistrates who in virtual hearings continue to know processes derived from acts of corruption committed by magistrates who, disregarding Elementary concepts of ethics, took advantage of their position to make a clean sweep of the law and justice. It is worth nothing that the responsibility of these bad servers is aggravated in a superlative way by the disease that has plagued us.

Using operative features to identify surgical complexity: a case in breast surgery practice.

Increasing workload is one of the main problems that surgical practices face. This increase is not only due to the increasing demand volume but also due to increasing case complexity. This raises the question on how to measure and predict the complexity to address this issue. Predicting surgical duration is critical to parametrize surgical complexity, improve surgeon satisfaction by avoiding unexpected overtime, and improve operation room utilization. Our objective is to utilize the historical data on surgical operations to obtain complexity groups and use this groups to improve practice.Our study first leverages expert opinion on the surgical complexity to identify surgical groups. Then, we use a tree-based method on a large retrospective dataset to identify similar complexity groups by utilizing the surgical features and using surgical duration as a response variable. After obtaining the surgical groups by using two methods, we statistically compare expert-based grouping with the data-based grouping. This comparison shows that a tree-based method can provide complexity groups similar to the ones generated by an expert by using features that are available at the time of surgical listing. These results suggest that one can take advantage of available data to provide surgical duration predictions that are data-driven, evidence-based, and practically relevant.

A Rolex o a setas. Comunidades Autónomas, cambio climático y modelo económico

Este articulo busca analizar el reciente impulso que la legislacion de algunas Comunidades autonomas ha querido dar a la lucha contra el cambio climatico y contextualizarla en las poderosas tensiones que experimenta de tipo competencial, que a la par lo son tambien con una interpretacion rigida de los limites que impone el modelo economico. Por el momento en Espana parece que frente a las politicas filoclimaticas autonomicas, el gobierno central, en vez de aprovechar las sinergias y ese “papel activo e innovador” que demanda el Comite de las Regiones, ha optado por la mirada corta competencial para lo que ha usado como escudo las “viejas” competencias energeticas y de planificacion de la economia en detrimento de la perspectiva verde.

Enhancing Medical Education with Data-Driven Software: The TrainCoMorb App.

Medical education can take advantage of big data to enhance the learning experience of students. This paper describes the development of TrainCoMorb, an online, data-driven application for medical students who can practice recognizing comorbidities and their attributable risk for negative outcomes. Trainees access TrainCoMorb to create scenarios of comorbidities, step-by-step, and see snapshots of the risk for inpatient death, hospital septicemia and the projected length of stay. The study utilized an enormous claims dataset (N=11m.). A dynamic Bayesian algorithm was developed, which calculates and updates conditional probabilities for the outcomes under study in each phase of an ongoing scenario. The trainee initiates a scenario by selecting demographics and a principal diagnosis, then adds chronic and hospital-acquired conditions to see a summary of the attributable risk in each phase. TrainCoMorb is anticipated to assist medical students gain a better understanding of comorbidities and their impact on clinical outcomes.

Secure Collapsing Method Based on Fully Homomorphic Encryption.

In this paper, we propose a new approach for performing privacy-preserving genome-wide association study (GWAS) in cloud environments. This method allows a Genomic Research Unit (GRU) who possesses genetic variants of diseased individuals (cases) to compare his/her data against genetic variants of healthy individuals (controls) from a Genomic Research Center (GRC). The originality of this work stands on a secure version of the collapsing method based on the logistic regression model considering that all data of GRU are stored into the cloud. To do so, we take advantage of fully homomorphic encryption and of secure multiparty computation. Experiment results carried out on real genetic data using the BGV cryptosystem indicate that the proposed scheme provides the same results as the ones achieved on clear data.