Operational Considerations Research Articles

Implementing good life with osteoArthritis from Denmark (GLA:D®) in Australian public hospitals. Part 2: Service providers’ perceptions

BackgroundPrevious literature has reported the successful implementation of the Good Life with osteoArthritis in Denmark (GLA:D®) program into predominantly private practice settings. There may be unique challenges present within the public hospital setting that influence GLA:D® implementation in public health. ObjectiveExplore the attitudes and experiences of service providers directly involved in implementing GLA:D® in Australian public tertiary hospitals. DesignQualitative descriptive study design. MethodService providers (n = 14) from three participating hospitals took part in semi-structured focus groups at the completion of the 6-month implementation period. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to identify primary domains across all facilities. ResultsFour broad domains were identified. Factors that influenced uptake included GLA:D® being a recognisable, evidence-based product requiring minimal development or adaptation. The fidelity of the GLA:D® Australia program was challenged by referral of patients with multiple/complex medical comorbidities, and patient preference to complete registry data via paper rather than online. Several operational considerations are required when delivering GLA:D® in a public hospital setting, including adequate numbers of GLA:D®-trained staff, additional screening requirements, obtaining appropriate clinical space, and persisting patient barriers to attending the service. GLA:D® provided benefits beyond improvement in pain and function, including social interactivity, high attendance and promotion of long-term self-management, while also maximising service efficiencies. ConclusionsImplementing GLA:D® in Australian public hospitals was supported by service providers. Specific operational and administrative factors, including staff training, patient complexity, and registry requirements should be considered when attempting to embed and sustain GLA:D® in large Australian public tertiary hospitals.

Environmental optimization and operational efficiency: Analysing the integration of life cycle assessment (LCA) into ERP systems in Moroccan companies

During the 2000s, the synergy between Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems represented a major step forward in the integration of environmental sustainability into basic business processes. This study set out to investigate how Moroccan enterprises incorporate LCA into their ERP systems, aiming to understand the impact on environmental sustainability and operational efficiency. Through a methodical empirical study, involving a survey distributed to 220 companies across Morocco, the study garnered 95 qualified responses. These responses, from companies that own and operate ERP, were analysed using SPSS V25.0 for statistical and correlation analysis. The findings highlighted that the fusion of LCA into ERP systems fosters a more sustainable and efficient framework for business operations among Moroccan companies. Such integration not only secures a competitive advantage for businesses but also contributes to global sustainability goals. The analysis verified that Moroccan companies, by weaving LCA into their ERP systems, can refine their decision-making by weighing environmental alongside economic and operational considerations. This integrated approach underpins a holistic sustainability framework, helping companies align their activities with environmental targets more effectively. Moreover, the survey illuminated a pronounced correlation between the company size and the propensity for integrating LCA into ERP systems, with larger firms showing a more marked inclination towards this synergy compared to their smaller counterparts. Consequently, integrating LCA with ERP systems is revealed as a pivotal strategy for Moroccan businesses, equipping them with a mechanism to embed sustainability into their operational and strategic planning.

Adaptive design trials in eating disorder research: A scoping review.

This scoping review sought to map the breadth of literature on the use of adaptive design trials in eating disorder research. A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Scopus, PsycInfo, Emcare, Econlit, CINAHL and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Articles were included if they reported on an intervention targeting any type of eating disorder (including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and other specified feeding or eating disorders), and employed the use of an adaptive design trial to evaluate the intervention. Two independent reviewers screened citations for inclusion, and data abstraction was performed by one reviewer and verified by a second. We identified five adaptive design trials targeting anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder conducted in the USA and Australia. All employed adaptive treatment arm switching based on early response to treatment and identified a priori stopping rules. None of the studies included value of information analysis to guide adaptive design decisions and none included lived experience perspectives. The limited use of adaptive designs in eating disorder trials represents a missed opportunity to improve enrolment targets, attrition rates, treatment outcomes and trial efficiency. We outline the range of adaptive methodologies, how they could be applied to eating disorder research, and the specific operational and statistical considerations relevant to adaptive design trials. Adaptive design trials are increasingly employed as flexible, efficient alternatives to fixed trial designs, but they are not often used in eating disorder research. This first scoping review identified five adaptive design trials targeting anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder that employed treatment arm switching adaptive methodology. We make recommendations on the use of adaptive design trials for future eating disorder trials.

Are gluten-free products healthy for non-celiac consumers? How the perception of well-being moderates gluten-free addiction

Gluten-free products are showing an acceleration in assortment and sales growth. Nevertheless, these data should be read considering that a minimal share of the population is allergic or intolerant to gluten compared to the market share of gluten-free products. This study aims to understand why non-gluten-sensitive consumers purchase and consume gluten-free products. Through a survey, we seek to explore how the perception of well-being can contribute to the desire for gluten-free products among these consumers, potentially leading to an addiction to such products. A sample of 182 Italian consumers with no disease, such as Celiac Disease, Gluten Sensitivity, or Dermatitis Herpetiformis, was surveyed online. The empirical results of the Structural Equation Model highlight that the purchase of gluten-free products is based solely on hedonistic-emotional psychological motivations. Furthermore, care for well-being positively moderates the intention-addiction relationship leading healthy consumers to be addicted to gluten-free products. Medical studies have highlighted problems with the consumption of gluten-free products by healthy individuals. However, results evidence a growing trend among the population to consume gluten-free products for psychological and well-being reasons. These findings sparked a debate on the topic and raised important considerations for operators and policymakers.

Exercising Market Power Without Using Prices: Service Time in Online Grocery

This paper studies how online grocers use service time to respond to local competition and demand conditions when prices are uniformly set at the national level. Using comprehensive data collected twice a week over three years from 172 Israeli local markets, we show that an online grocer sets identical prices in all markets. By contrast, service time is shorter in more competitive markets and on low-demand days. Next, we exploit regional and temporal variation in entry decisions to examine how the incumbent adjusts its service time when new online grocers enter the market. The incumbent’s service time falls significantly on low-demand days and in monopolistic markets. This decrease begins shortly before entry and is greater when the entrant poses a larger competitive threat. On high-demand days and in competitive markets we do not find a significant change in service time in the months surrounding entry. Our findings suggest that firms use service time to exercise their local market power when prices are unresponsive and that operational considerations affect the extent to which they respond. This paper was accepted by Joshua Gans, business strategy. Funding: Financial support by Eli Hurvitz Institute of Strategic Management, The Henry Crown Institute of Business Research in Israel, The Maurice Falk Institute for Economic Research in Israel Ltd., Coller Foundation, and the Israeli Science Foundation [Grant 568/17] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.01820 .

A novel multi-port high-gain bidirectional DC–DC converter for energy storage system integration with DC microgrids

Bidirectional converters have often been used in numerous applications like DC microgrids, renewable energy, hybrid energy storage systems, electric vehicles, etc. The paper proposes a novel multi-port high-gain (NMPHG) bidirectional DC–DC converter that supports DC microgrid (DC-MG) applications. The main contributions of the proposed converter are high step-up/step-down conversion gain, multiple input ports, lower switch voltage stress, and lower component count owing to the single converter with multiple input ports for DC microgrid applications. The detailed operational principle, analysis, and design considerations of proposed NMPHG bidirectional DC–DC converters are discussed. Furthermore, the loss analysis, detailed comparison with similar works, and efficiency analysis with non-modalities during forward power flow (LV to HV) and reverse power flow (HV to LV) modes are presented. The efficiency of the proposed converter is found to be 93.8% in forward power flow and 92.9% in reverse power flow modes at rated power. Finally, a hardware prototype of the proposed NMPHG bidirectional DC–DC converters is implemented with 100 W in FPF mode and 200 W in RPF mode with a TMS320F28335 processor and validated with theoretical counterparts.

320 Intraoperative Angiography in Neurosurgery: Temporal Trend, Access Site, and Operative Indication Considerations From a Six-year Institutional Experience

INTRODUCTION: Historically, the transfemoral approach (TFA) has been the most common access site for cerebral intraoperative angiogram (IOA). However, in line with trends in cardiac interventional vascular access preferences, transradial approach (TRA) and transulnar approach (TUA) are gaining popularity due to favorable safety and patient satisfaction outcomes. METHODS: Between July 2016 and December 2022, 317 angiograms were included based on our case definition, comprising 59 TRA cases, 11 TUA cases, 243 TFA, and four transpopliteal cases. Fluoroscopy time, contrast dose, reference air kerma (RAK), and dose area products (DAP) per target vessel catheterized were the primary endpoints of interest. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to evaluate predictors of elevated contrast dose and radiation exposure metrics. RESULTS: Contrast dose per vessel catheterized was significantly lower in TRA/TUA cases versus TFA cases (p = 0.001), but radiation exposure metrics did not differ between access site groups. TRA/TUA versus TFA does not significantly predict elevated levels of radiation exposure or contrast dose. Aneurysm cases were associated with significantly lower odds of elevated radiation exposure for all radiation metrics (p < 0.05) whereas AVM cases had higher odds of elevated radiation exposure across all measures (p < 0.01). There was a significant relationship between case number and operative indication over the study period (p < 0.001) with a decrease in the proportion of cases for aneurysm treatment offset by increases in total cases for the management of AVF and AVM. CONCLUSIONS: TRA and TUA are safe and effective access site options for neurointerventional procedures and are increasingly employed. Cases using wrist access may be associated with a lower contrast dosing for patients.

Health technology assessment of video otoscopy for the diagnosis of otitis media in children in comparison to conventional otoscopy in primary healthcare settings in India

ObjectiveThis Health Technology Assessment (HTA) was undertaken to assess the clinical-effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and operational feasibility of using otoscopes in primary healthcare settings in India, for diagnosing otitis media in children. MethodsWe undertook a three-step process sequentially determining (i) clinical effectiveness of video as well as conventional otoscopy (compared to otic microscope as the reference standard); (ii)cost-effectiveness analysis of the video otoscope; and (iii)operational feasibility and health equity considerations. The systematic review for clinical effectiveness involved literature search across five databases, screening and inclusion of relevant studies, and data synthesis. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed using data from published literature, specialist interviews, and cost assumptions if neither was available. The Progress Plus tool was used to explore health equity and operational feasibility was taken into account. ResultsThe systematic review on clinical effectiveness include three relevant studies from a total of 1361 identified. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of video otoscope were 0.70 (95%CI 0.60, 0.84) and 0.92 (CI95% 0.89, 0.95) to be 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.91). The cost-effectiveness analysis identified the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (compared to conventional otoscope) as INR 1008.4 per QALY, with an overall gain of 413 QALYs per year. This was well below the willingness-to-pay threshold for India. There was potential of enhancing health equity and no insurmountable operational barriers, to the use of video otoscope in primary healthcare settings. ConclusionThis HTA concluded that video otoscope is clinically effective, cost-effective, and operationally feasible in Indian primary health settings, for diagnosing otitis media in children.

Critical review of capacitive deionization: design, operation consideration and real-world environmental applications

Capacitive Deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising and environmentally sound solution for addressing pressing water treatment challenges. This critical review meticulously examines the design, operational considerations, and performance metrics of CDI systems, particularly highlighting their significance in environmental applications under real-world conditions for handling different water sources such as groundwater, surface water, sea water. Various CDI configurations, electrode materials, and operational parameters are scrutinized through an extensive analysis of literature, with their direct influence on system efficiency, ion removal capacities, and long-term stability being elucidated. The reduced energy consumption, minimal chemical usage, and potential for sustainable water treatment of CDI, as compared to traditional methods, are emphasized from an environmental perspective. Moreover, this review underscores the pivotal role of CDI in practical environmental applications, including desalination, wastewater treatment, and remediation of inorganic pollutants (heavy metals and hardness) and resource recovery (nutrient, uranium, lithium…). By presenting compelling case studies, CDI's efficacy in mitigating environmental impacts is illustrated, offering a cleaner and more cost-effective alternative to conventional treatment methods. By outlining challenges and charting future directions, this review serves as a roadmap for researchers, engineers, and policymakers, facilitating the development of sustainable and efficient water treatment strategies. In an era marked by escalating environmental concerns, CDI emerges as a potential technology for responsible and effective water management, poised to shape a more sustainable future.

Green Hydrogen Value Chain: Modelling of a PV Power Plant Integrated with H2 Production for Industry Application

Based on the Sustainable Development Goals outlined in the 2030 agenda of the United Nations, affordable and clean energy is one of the most relevant goals to achieve the decarbonization targets and break down the global climate change effects. The use of renewable energy sources, namely, solar energy, is gaining attention and market share due to reductions in investment costs. Nevertheless, it is important to overcome the energy storage problems, mostly in industrial applications. The integration of photovoltaic power plants with hydrogen production and its storage for further conversion to usable electricity are an interesting option from both the technical and economic points of view. The main objective of this study is to analyse the potential for green hydrogen production and storage through PV production, based on technical data and operational considerations. We also present a conceptual model and the configuration of a PV power plant integrated with hydrogen production for industry supply. The proposed power plant configuration identifies different pathways to improve energy use: supply an industrial facility, supply the hydrogen production and storage unit, sell the energy surplus to the electrical grid and provide energy to a backup battery. One of the greatest challenges for the proposed model is the component sizing and water electrolysis process for hydrogen production due to the operational requirements and the technology costs.

Weighing the outcomes: the role of BMI in complex robotic esophageal and hepatobiliary operations.

The correlation between body mass index (BMI) and surgical outcomes has emerged as a critical consideration in complex abdominal operations. While elevated BMI is often associated with increased perioperative risk, its specific effects on the outcomes of robotic surgeries remain inadequately explored. This study assesses the impact of BMI on perioperative variables of complex esophageal and hepatopancreaticobiliary (HPB) robotic operations. Following IRB approval, we prospectively followed 607 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy, trans-hiatal esophagectomy (THE), major liver resection or distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, all performed robotically. Perioperative data retrieved included operative duration, estimated blood loss (EBL), intraoperative and postoperative complications, conversions to an 'open' operation and length of stay (LOS). Z scores were assigned to each variable to standardize operations, and the variables were then regressed against BMI. For illustrative purposes, data are presented as median(mean ± standard deviation). Between 2012 and 2020, surgeries included 71 THE, 122 distal pancreatectomies with splenectomies, 129 major hepatectomies and 285 pancreaticoduodenectomies. Median age was 67(65 ± 12.5) years old, and BMI was 27(28 ± 5.5) kg/m2. Operative duration for all operations was 349(355 ± 124.5) min and had a positive correlation with increasing BMI (p = 0.004), specifically for robotic THE and robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy, with both operative durations having positive correlation with increasing BMI (p = 0.02 and p = 0.05). No significant correlation with BMI was found for EBL, intraoperative or postoperative complications, conversion to 'open' surgery, or LOS. Elevated BMI is associated with longer operative durations in select robotic surgeries, such as trans-hiatal esophagectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy, and highlights the need for strategic planning in these patients.

Improving Farmers’ Income on Online Agri-Platforms: Evidence from the Field

Problem definition: To improve the welfare of smallholder farmers, multiple countries (e.g., Ethiopia and India) have launched online agri-platforms to transform traditional markets. However, there is still mixed evidence regarding the impact of these platforms and, more generally, how they can be leveraged to enable more efficient agricultural supply chains and markets. This paper describes work conducted in close collaboration with the state government of Karnataka, India, to design, implement, and assess the impact of a new two-stage auction on the state’s online agri-platform, the United Market Platform (UMP). Methodology/results: To ensure implementability and protect farmers’ revenue, the auction design is guided by practical operational considerations, as well as semistructured interviews with a majority of the traders in the field. A new behavioral auction model informed by the field insights is developed to determine when the proposed two-stage auction can generate a higher revenue for farmers than the traditional single-stage, first-price, sealed-bid auction. The new auction mechanism was implemented on the UMP for a major market of lentils in February 2019. By the end of May 2019, commodities worth more than $6 million (USD) had been traded under the new auction. A difference-in-differences analysis demonstrates that the implementation has yielded a significant 3.6% price increase (corresponding to a 55%–94% profit gain) for over 10,000 farmers who traded in the treatment market. Managerial implications: The results from this paper offer tangible lessons on how innovative price discovery mechanisms could be enabled by online agri-platforms in resource-constrained environments. Importantly, the success of these designs critically depends on careful considerations of systemic operational and behavioral factors that affect trades in the physical markets. History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2023 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Practice-Based Research Competition. Funding: Financial support from the Tata Center for Technology and Design at MIT and the National Science Foundation [Grant 1452875] is gratefully acknowledged. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0437 .

Developing an OBL: Key Considerations Before Spending a Dime Or Too Much Time

The office-based laboratory (OBL) industry has proliferated over the past decade as surgical cases have increasingly migrated from inpatient to outpatient surgical settings, including OBLs, ambulatory surgery centers and infusion centers. Although many physicians and patients prefer to provide and receive care in an OBL setting because it provides a high quality, lower cost and convenient alternative to receiving care in a hospital, the OBL industry is nonetheless under attack on a variety of fronts. Governmental and commercial payor reimbursement for OBL procedures has declined substantially over time, and there have been lawsuits, governmental investigations and news articles that have been critical of care provided in OBLs. These issues have generated headwinds for this young but growing industry. It is therefore important for physicians and investors alike interested in developing an OBL to be aware of the complex landscape of laws and regulations that apply to OBLs. This article provides an overview of key legal, corporate, tax, financial and structural considerations for operators to be aware of before opening an OBL.

Technology Focus: Geothermal Energy (March 2024)

As the world seeks transformative solutions to ensure a sustainable energy future, there is a growing interest in geothermal energy because of its versatility and evolving technologies that enable the application of low-enthalpy fluids. One area where the untapped potential of geothermal energy has been realized is in harnessing thermal energy from abandoned or inactive oil and gas wells. Such wells could be exploited for electricity generation or direct use through well repurposing. Three innovative papers elucidate the challenges, complexities, applicability, and key operational considerations associated with repurposing abandoned or idle oil and gas wells for geothermal energy. The first paper offers a comprehensive overview of 20 case studies from various countries, including actual and simulated cases. Downhole and surface parameters, including production scenarios, heat exchangers, circulation fluids, and power-generation efficiency, are meticulously examined. The investigation concludes with a positive outlook, highlighting the potential of producing geothermal energy from underused oil and gas wells. The second paper delves into the technical and economic feasibility of repurposing oil and gas wells specifically for community heating through geothermal energy. The multidisciplinary approach involves a thorough analysis of physical, technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The results showcase the potential benefits of repurposing low-temperature wells for community heating, emphasizing the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of this approach. The third paper introduces a geothermal assessment project conducted in an operational high-pressure/high-temperature field on the UK Continental Shelf. This innovative project uses a novel integrated work flow to assess the geothermal energy potential of offshore oil and gas assets and provides insights into CO2 emission reduction. The life of oil and gas wells can be extended through repurposing for geothermal energy production. The findings underscore the technical viability, economic feasibility, and environmental benefits of oil and gas well repurposing, providing a promising avenue for transforming existing oil and gas resources and infrastructure into contributors to a cleaner and greener energy future. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 213068 A Robust Screening Tool To Repurpose Hydrocarbon Wells to Geothermal Wells in Oklahoma by Esteban R. Ugarte, University of Oklahoma, et al. SPE 215554 A Feasibility Study of Geothermal Energy Extraction in the Baram Basin, Sarawak, Using Numerical Reservoir Simulation Based on Analog Data by M. Bataee, Curtin University Malaysia, et al. SPE 212075 Geothermal Energy in the Caspian Region: Study of Heat-Extraction Methods From Deep Wells by Dmitriy Abdrazakov, SLB

Current approaches in UAV Operational Risk Assessment and Practical Considerations

The expansion of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) is creating new markets, particularly in Urban Air Mobility (UAM), which presents unique challenges. Beyond the risk of mid-air collisions, UAM services in urban areas introduce ground risks to buildings, traffic routes, and pedestrians. This research explores trends in Ground Risk models for different operation planning stages: strategic, pre-tactical, and tactical. It offers a logical pipeline for UAS operators, emphasizing detailed analysis and data source considerations, along with the importance of model interoperability. Using a Naples case study, the research provides practical steps for national authorities to streamline the UAS authorization process.

Electrokinetic remediation: Past experiences and future roadmap for sustainable remediation of metal-contaminated soils

Soil pollution due to heavy metals has become a serious environmental concern in the past decade, adversely affecting soil conditions and global food security. Due to this, considerable attention has been given to developing suitable remediation technologies, particularly for heavy metals. Among them, Electrokinetic Remediation (EKR) is a promising developing technique due to its great efficiency for fine-grained soils. The use of an electric field to remove contaminants from soil is effective on a wide range of matrices irrespective of the heterogeneity. In this context, the present study provides a detailed discussion on the design and operational considerations of EKR, mainly, power, electrode, and electrolyte characteristics. The major limitations of EKR, innovative modifications of EKR operations to overcome the limitations, and EKR-integrated technologies have been addressed. The optimization of regulating parameters ensures maximum efficiency towards removal of contaminants at minimum cost of treatment, thus, highlighting the engineering aspect of electrokinetics at field scale. The sustainability concerns arising from EKR and its possible alternative solutions have been discussed, to provide useful information and prospects to researchers in the field.

Contemporary Surgical Management of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and the second most common cause of cancer-related death. Approximately 20-30% of patients will develop hepatic metastasis in the form of synchronous or metachronous disease. The treatment of colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) has evolved into a multidisciplinary approach, with chemotherapy and a variety of locoregional treatments, such as ablation and portal vein embolization, playing a crucial role. However, resection remains a core tenet of management, serving as the gold standard for a curative-intent therapy. As such, the input of a dedicated hepatobiliary surgeon is paramount for appropriate patient selection and choice of surgical approach, as significant advances in the field have made management decisions extremely nuanced and complex. We herein aim to review the contemporary surgical management of colorectal liver metastasis with respect to both perioperative and operative considerations.

Quantifying trade-offs in satellite hardware configurations using a super-resolution framework with realistic image degradation

ABSTRACT When designing and operating Earth observation satellites, trade-offs must often be made between different hardware components, operational considerations, etc… For example, considerations include how much of the mass budget should be spent on imaging lenses?, or how long should image exposure times be?. Resulting limitations in image resolution and quality can be partially compensated for using super-resolution (SR) techniques. However, deep SR networks recently applied to satellite imagery are often trained and tested on data that lacks the typical image degrading noise present in real satellite images. In this work, we combine a method for generating realistically degraded satellite images with a deep SR network, in the context of different satellite hardware configurations and geographical types. We use this framework to assess deep SR performance given realistic remote sensing payloads across different terrain types, by evaluating payload- and terrain-dependent SR performance in reconstructing realistically degraded images. The framework allows us to model the effect of alternative satellite hardware configurations on resulting SR image quality, providing insight into optimal satellite operations and payload design in the context of SR-based image quality enhancements.

Pharmacist perspectives on emerging T cell-engaging bispecific therapies in cancer therapeutics.

To summarize the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, dosing, administration, and pharmacist perspectives related to operationalization of new and emerging bispecific therapies indicated for the treatment of various cancers. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the expansion of immunotherapeutics in the treatment of various malignancies. Bispecific T cell-engaging therapies represent an emerging therapeutic drug class for the treatment of cancer. These therapies are unique antibody constructs that bind simultaneously to 2 targets, a tumor-specific antigen and CD3 on T cells, to elicit an immune response. Recently, several bispecific therapies have been approved, including epcoritamab, glofitamab, mosunetuzumab, tebentafusp, and teclistamab. Epcoritamab and glofitamab have been approved for diffuse large B cell lymphoma, while mosunetuzumab, tebentafusp, and teclistamab have been approved for follicular lymphoma, uveal melanoma, and multiple myeloma, respectively. As a result of their mechanism of action, the approved bispecific therapies have the potential to cause cytokine release syndrome, and, along with this, they all have unique and specific monitoring parameters and operational considerations that require clinician awareness when administering these therapies. Such operational challenges include within-patient dose escalations at therapy initiation, hospitalization for monitoring, and various pharmacological strategies for prophylaxis of cytokine release syndrome. Bispecific therapies have continued to evolve the therapeutic landscape of cancer, primarily in hematological malignancies. Health-system pharmacists have the opportunity to play a key role in the operationalization and management of this new and emerging drug class.

Navigating the Future: The Transformative Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Hospital Management- A Comprehensive Review.

This comprehensive review explores the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on hospital management, delving into its applications, challenges, and future trends. Integrating AI in administrative functions, clinical operations, and patient engagement holds significant promise for enhancing efficiency, optimizing resource allocation, and revolutionizing patient care. However, this evolution is accompanied by ethical, legal, and operational considerations that necessitate careful navigation. The review underscores key findings, emphasizing the implications for the future of hospital management. It calls for a proactive approach, urging stakeholders to invest in education, prioritize ethical guidelines, foster collaboration, advocate for thoughtful regulation, and embrace a culture of innovation. The healthcare industry can successfully navigate this transformative era through collective action, ensuring that AI contributes to more effective, accessible, and patient-centered healthcare delivery.