Operation Of Complex Technical Systems Research Articles

Optimal Management in the Operation of Complex Technical Systems

Developing a cost management system for a complex technical system (CTS) at the stages of its life cycle is a modern trend aimed at creating sustainable cooperation ties based on requirements, including those of manufacturers and consumers. The article explores the concept of a complex technical system. The principles and properties of a complex technical system were described. A model of a procedure for checking the operability of a complex technical system with an arbitrary distribution of the time of independent manifestation of a failure was proposed for the example of compressor station equipment. Models of operation of complex technical systems based on information about their state were considered. It was also shown how to optimize maintenance decisions for these systems in terms of the minimum average unit cost and how reliable this ensures. Additionally, proof of the existence of an optimal verification strategy was given. An algorithm for determining the moments of verification was developed to ensure the minimum cost. The methods of collecting, processing, and effectively using information for making decisions about the technical condition of complex products and the possibility of further exploitation were improved based on selecting informative diagnostic features and constructing models that comprehensively consider the maximum and current level of their parameters. This allowed for the quality of the final products to be ensured. The practical use of the proposed methods of diagnosis and forecasting made it possible to increase the actual CTS resource by 1.5–2.0 times. This also increased the productivity of the technological process by 1.6 times due to the reduction of the number of stops for maintenance for replacement, adjustments, and sub-adjustments. As a result, the value of the lack of basic production was reduced from 1.2 % to 0.8 %, and the cost of manufacturing products was decreased by 1.2–2.0 times.

APPLICATION OF THE SCENARIO APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS AND CONTROL OF RISKS IN THE OPERATION OF COMPLEX DYNAMIC SYSTEMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTERVAL UNCERTAINTY

Introduction. The paper provides a description of the scenario approach to risk control in the operation of complex technical systems under conditions of uncertainty. The scenario is understood as the optimal control action on the system parameters, which allows minimizing the possible costs associated with the implementation of the corresponding risk event.
 The aim of the study is to develop effective risk management methods for the operation of a complex dynamic system under conditions of uncertainty based on a scenario approach that makes it possible to implement the optimal control action on the parameters of an object in the event of a threat of an emergency.
 Materials and methods. The article describes the application of the scenario method to the management of risks that arise during the operation of a complex dynamic system under conditions of interval uncertainty. This approach is based on the application of methods of interval analysis and the theory of situational management.
 The scientific novelty of the implemented approach lies in the use of the interval analysis apparatus, which makes it possible to most correctly take into account the possible errors associated with measuring the values of the system parameters and apply the optimal control actions necessary for correction in the event that the permissible indicators go beyond the operability area.
 Discussion and conclusion. The mathematical model of risk control developed in the course of the study carried out during the process of functioning of a complex technical system under conditions of interval uncertainty based on the scenario approach allows the selection of optimal control actions (scenarios) that allow minimizing possible errors and inaccuracies that arise due to deviation from the calculated nominal values.

Assessment of the Individual Risk of Injury to Service Personnel During the Operation of Complex Technical Systems Using a Simulation Model

In a typical system for ensuring the safety of operation of equipment of complex technical systems, the most important element is the assessment of the individual risk of death (injury) and/or harm to the health of service personnel.. T erefore, in the process of developing a qualitative decision on the formation of a list and parameters of safety program measures, it is necessary to assess individual risk indicators, which is complicated by the presence of various uncertainties that cause the appearance of individual risk during the operation of equipment. T e article presents a simulation model that allows assessing the indicators of individual risk of death (injury) of service personnel during the operation of equipment in order to form a safety program. T is simulation model dif ers from the existing ones in that, as a result of aggregation of models of subprocesses of the operation of a hazardous production facility, it is possible to establish a relationship between the scenarios of the implementation of negative events, the parameters of the safety program measures and the complex ef ects of all signif cant undesirable factors. T e developed simulation model makes it possible to increase the adequacy of the assessment of the risk indicator: the individual risk of death (injury) and/or harm to the health of service personnel. T e ef iiency of the methodology will be demonstrated by the example of receiving an electrical injury by maintenance personnel during operation of the power supply system.

Application of System Analysis Methods and Algorithmization in Impact Management the Human Factor on the Functioning of Technological Processes

In any technological process that cannot be fully automated, a specialist performs the necessary operations, therefore, the reliability of the functioning of the technological process depends on his error-free actions. In complex technological systems, there are requirements for the qualification of personnel servicing and operating equipment, machines and mechanisms. The article presents the results of research in the field of assessing the causes of technological violations caused by personnel during the operation of complex technical systems and the use of methods of legitimization for processing information about the process of managing the impact of the human factor on the functioning of technological processes. We examined examples of technological improvements in the functioning of technological processes are considered using the example of technological processes implemented in the practice of JSC "Russian Railways (RZD). The causes of such violations have been identified and the impact of the human factor on their manifestations has been assessed.

Methodological approach to estimating the probability of failure-free operation of complex technical systems taking into account the characteristics of the control system based on the Bayesian Belief Network

Methodological approach to estimating the probability of failure-free operation of complex technical systems taking into account the characteristics of the control system based on the Bayesian Belief Network

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF RISK CONTROL ARISING FROM THE FUNCTIONING OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR CRITICAL PURPOSES IN CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE VALUES OF PARAMETERS AND THE PHASE STATE

Introduction. The paper presents a description of the process of constructing a mathematical model for managing risks arising from the operation of complex technical unique systems for critical purposes under conditions of uncertainty of information about the parameters and phase state. The purpose of the study is to create an individual optimal strategy for managing risk events that occur during the operation of complex technical systems, which minimizes the cost of preventive work, as well as the amount of damage that may result from the occurrence of relevant events. The objectives of the study include the construction of a mathematical model for control risks arising from the operation of complex dynamic unique technical systems for critical purposes under conditions of interval uncertainty of information about the values of parameters and the phase state, since as well as an analysis of existing approaches to creating an individual forecast of changes in the state of the considered class of systems.
 Materials and Methods. The article gives a comparative description of the effectiveness of the application of the mathematical apparatus of the theory of outliers of random processes and the method of individual forecasting in solving the problem of managing risks arising from the operation of complex unique technical systems for critical purposes under conditions of uncertainty. Based on the statistical methods of interval data, a mathematical model of risk management was created, taking into account possible errors in measuring the values of the parameters of the considered class of complex systems at all control windows during the operation period.
 Results. The scientific novelty of the implemented approach lies in the use of interval data statistics, which allow the most correct consideration of possible errors associated with measuring the values of the characteristics of the studied technical systems at all stages of the control process.
 Discussion and Conclusions. The mathematical model of risk control developed in the course of the study, arising from the operation of complex technical systems for critical purposes, makes it possible to make the optimal choice of risk management strategy when using objects of this class. Along with the above, an algorithm has been developed for predicting changes in the state of a technical system during the entire period of its operation based on the mathematical apparatus of statistics of interval data, which makes it possible to take into account in the calculations the errors that occur when measuring the values of the main parameters of the system under consideration at all stages of the control process.

CALCULATION OF WORK IN ONE APPLIED TECHNICAL TASK WITH DIFFERENT GEOMETRY OF LOCATION AND COMPARISON OF RESULTS

The article considers algorithms for constructing equivalent models of filling tanks with agricultural fluids, such as fuels and lubricants, pesticides, organic fertilizers and other bulk solids, which can be equated, the dynamics of movement (resistance, work, power) to the movement of liquid. Growing requirements in the competitive market cause constant improvement and justification of optimal parameters and forms of tanks for transportation of materials that ensure the production operation of complex technical systems. The article presents a variety of possible technical solutions for tanks (tanks) for storage and transportation of liquid materials on the field surface with different variable steepness. Theoretical bases of practical direction of movement of agricultural materials in air and liquid environments for conditions of action of a gravitational field are developed. The technical features of the working bodies and the system for the introduction of liquid materials as needed (changes in soil hardness, slope steepness, speed of the unit) are analyzed. Innovative development of competitive agro-industrial technologies and agricultural machinery is possible only with the involvement of a powerful physical and mathematical apparatus, which is also problematic due to lack of fundamental theoretical knowledge of designers, designers and students of agro-engineering assistance. As a result of research using the fundamental analytical and mathematical apparatus, algorithmic models have been developed that describe the movement of liquid (mineral fertilizers) for their movement. Such processes and phenomena occur during the production operation of agricultural machinery with tanks for moving liquid materials (fertilizers), etc. The application of the algorithm of mathematical analysis and calculation of technological processes and technical systems provides the necessary conditions for efficient supply of liquid materials, fertilizers, which is important in precision farming systems. Similar, proposed innovative methods of theoretical and synthesis of processes, phenomena, the nature of agro-industrial production, can be effective in preparing for the educational process of agricultural engineers for project professional activities.

Algorithm for control and forecasting of the functional stability of complex information-technical systems

The characteristics of the behavior of complex technical systems that realize the property of functional stability of these systems were studied. One of the possible statements of the problems of planning the operation of complex technical systems arising within the functional-parametric direction of risk theory is considered. It is shown that on the basis of the developed algorithms of the minimax assessment of the technical condition using the idea of ellipsoidal assessment, it is possible to implement a guaranteeing strategy for managing the risks of unauthorized influences. The proposed approach allows forecasting even with a small number of parameter measurements, does not require information about the stochastic properties of measurement errors and other obstacles, and has adaptive properties. The conditions for ensuring the functional stability of the technological process are given and practical recommendations for applying these conditions for decision-making in the practical implementation of production processes are described. Ensuring the functional stability of production processes is one of the most important tasks today. Currently, many different methods have been proposed to ensure a high level of functional stability, but this problem requires constant improvement and development of new approaches. In order to improve and develop methods of organizing production processes that ensure the functional stability of technological processes thanks to the implementation of an individual strategy for the operation of technical systems, an approach to the formation of an operation management strategy that ensures the functional stability of the relevant systems is proposed. An individual strategy for planning the operation of technical systems was studied, depending on their actual state, taking into account the features of this specific system. The proposed approach is advisable to use when planning the functionally stable operation of complex technical systems of responsible purpose, the failure of which is associated with significant material losses or catastrophic consequences.

OPTIMIZATION OF PREVENTIVE THRESHOLD FOR CONDITIONBASED MAINTENANCE OF RADIO ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT

Context. Operation costs throughout the life cycle of radio electronic equipment are very significant, which value far exceeds the initial cost of the equipment. Therefore, the up-to-date scientific and technical problem is to minimize operation costs. One of the ways to solve this problem is the introduction of statistical data processing technologies in the operation systems of radio electronic equipment.
 Objective. The goal of the paper is to improve the efficiency of thecondition-based maintenance with the determining parameters monitoring, which is widely used in civil aviation.
 Method. The solution of this problem is based on finding the functional dependence of the efficiency indicator in the form of specific operation costs on the basic parameters of radio electronic equipment and its operation system. To determine this dependence, the probability-event model is used,as well as methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics, in particular methods of statistical classification of sample sets and functional transformations of random variables. To determine the optimal level of the preventive threshold by the criterion of minimizing operation costs, the method of statistical simulation of Monte-Carlo is used.
 Results. Maintenance strategy with the determining parameters monitoring based on additional statistical data processing and technology of the optimal preventive threshold calculation are improved.
 Conclusions. The obtained results can be used during the development and modernization of operation systems of radio electronic equipment in terms of application of statistical data processing procedures. A comparative analysis of the two maintenance strategies showed that the use of additional statistical data processing might reduce specific operation costs. The proposed technology for determining the optimal preventive threshold can be extended to use during the operation of complex technical systems, in particular for those whose technical condition is associated with the values of the determining parameters.

Analysis of technical condition and development of practical recommendations to improve the reliability of steam turbine control system

Questions of ensuring reliability and safety of operation of complex technical systems are relevant during the operation of power equipment of thermal plant (TPP). The paper presents a generalized statistical analysis of defects and damages over the past 15 years in the control systems of steam turbines of types ET (extraction turbine) and IET (industrial extraction turbine), with an installed capacity of 50 to 135 MW. As a result of the calculation study, the main cause-and-effect relationships of the resulting defects that lead to an emergency stop of the turbines were identified. This paper presents the results of the analysis of defects in steam turbine control systems and provides recommendations for eliminating and preventing unplanned downtime due to an emergency shutdown of turbine units.

Interactive electronic technical manuals as a means to improve efficiency of operation of complex technical systems

The article describes the use of interactive electronic technical manuals (IETM). One of the tools for implementing the requirements of the S1000D standard is the editor of interactive electronic technical manuals Seamatica. The editorial staff of Seamatica Enterprise implements the full range of IETM development activities. The pace of introduction and quality of interactive manuals in industrial engineering are clearly unsatisfactory. The article discusses the main reasons for a limited application of interactive manuals in industrial engineering, such as the lack of education in IETM-related topics for specialists in forestry machines operation.

Analysis of effectiveness of process operational and technological reliability of agricultural mashines

The analysis suggests that to solve the contradiction between the need of ensuring the required level of serviceability of combine harvesters and capabilities of existing system and repair management of the technical state of combine harvesters at the present stage, there is a need to improve the subsystem recovery combine harvesters subject to the requirements of readiness to perform tasks on purpose and financial capacity for its maintenance. Analysis of scientific literature showed that today the unsolved problem of search and introduction of effective methods and repair combine harvesters are: development of mathematical models of the process and repair, which would allow comparative assessment of technical and economic efficiency of different modes, and repair objects combine harvesters, alternative strategies for their repair, with the aim of improving the quality of control of technical condition of the vessel in conditions of limited funding. Consideration of the process of technical maintenance of combine harvesters as a set of stages and repair objects combine harvesters allows to identify possible directions of improving the system restore. The analysis allowed to determine four basic options for its organization and to make a qualitative assessment of the benefits and disadvantages of each of these options. Reduced operating costs in the operation of combine harvesters, along with other measures of organizational and technical nature require greater automation of control of technical condition. Automation of technical state control of combine harvesters developed in the following areas: embedded systems control, on-board automated control systems, specialized control systems and universal control systems dismantled equipment. A large share of false failures in equipment, violation of industrial relations in the repair network on-board equipment, the shortage of maintenance fund requires implementation and operation. Most fully able to examine the efficiency of the process of operation of complex technical systems using analytical models. Existing approaches to the assessment of the recovery system can be classified also according to the used indicators of effectiveness: the number of constructive variables of units that are replaced (restored) for a predetermined period of operation of the control object, repair cost of the constituent elements of the functional system for a specific period at different depths of the control and completeness of the recovery, the downtime of the test object within a certain period, for comprehensive reliability, such as coefficient of readiness, coefficient of technical use.

Dynamic modification of the G Rasch’s logistic model for the tasks of examination the engineers’ knowledge

Problem of efficient and safe operation of complex technical systems is always one of the most important in its life cycle. Analysis of the failures and emergencies statistics shows a trend in the growth of the human factor and a decrease of failures for technical reasons. Unfortunately, it is not possible to completely exclude human from the control system due to adherence to safety standards and industry requirements. However, issues of evaluating the professional suitability of personnel operating complex equipment, as well as issues of organizing and planning the training process, are becoming relevant. Based on a comparison of the statistical model of Georg Rasch, used to assess the preparedness of students and the degree of complexity of control tasks, with the dynamic universal model of reliability growth in the development process, used in various practical applications, a methodology for the analysis and planning of training effectiveness is developed. The algorithm of operation and application of the described methodology is illustrated by a number of examples. The dynamic modification of the presented Rasch’s statistical model allows predicting the degree of preparedness of homogeneous groups of students, thereby making it possible to plan the number of personnel training cycles for admission to work with complex and potentially dangerous technical systems.

Risk acceptance criteria for complex technical systems

The article provides theoretical generalization and detailing of risk analysis applied to the structures of complex technical systems based on its fast-evolving theory. Using previous studies, the author suggests choosing a metallurgical overhead crane as a facility related to such systems. The following three different risk analysis patterns are feasible during safety assessment and technical diagnostics: based on the operation life, based on the state and based on the damage resulting from making wrong managerial engineering decisions. Risk acceptance criteria applied to the complex technical systems under study are set based on stress strain behavior parameters including actual stresses and deformations along with mechanical property characteristics of materials. A decision on further operation of the structure or on ceasing the operation thereof is made when comparing safe acceptable and actual values of stresses and deformations. A table is created for such decision-making. The function of risk related to the damage resulting from making wrong managerial decisions is presented. Further development of such approach will allow identifying methodological recommendations for making decisions on future operation of complex technical systems in a more substantiated way.

DATA CONTROL IN THE DIAGNOSTICS AND FORECASTING THE STATE OF COMPLEX TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

The analysis of management methods Big Data is carried out. In order to obtain timely results of analyzing the state of complex technical systems on the basis of the list of parameters established by regulatory documentation that are ofparamount (for critical components) and minor importance in diagnosing the state of components ensuring the operation of complex technical systems, it is necessary to develop a method for managing data with high speed and losslessly separate and transfer Big Data from IIS to relational and non-relational databases. A method is proposed that ensures the distribution of data coming from information-measuring systems to relational and non-relational databases in diagnosing and predicting the state of complex technical systems. The expediency of using the concept of Data Mining in SCADA systems to control Big Data is substantiated. Algorithms for transmission, distribution and analysis of data in an information-measuring system for diagnosing and predicting the state of complex technical systems have been developed. The scheme of data transmission in devices using the CAN bus. The proposed method for managing Big Data in diagnosing and predicting the state of complex technical systems is based on ensuring the dynamic distribution of data in an information-measuring system with regard to the requirements imposed on the structure of the local-computer network. The method is based on the application of the principles of the construction of software-configured networks, allowing to manage the network by using the results of the analysis of data flows passing through the node-based network devices. A software implementation of a data distribution system in a local network has been developed using the principle ofanalyzing network packets as they arrive at the switching nodes of an information-measuring system. The system of program logic of data distribution from information-measuring systems transmitted over local networks or via CAN bus has been developed. From the conducted research, it follows that the best performance of the data separation process according to the developed method is achieved with distributed execution of computational processes by the developed program in four continuous modes, and the data separation process in non-relational bases for all experiments performed is faster than for relational data. The use of the developed Big Data management method with data distribution in relational and non-relational databases provides an increase in the speed of the information-measuring system in diagnosing and predicting the state of complex technical systems. Allows you to predict the technical condition of critical components of the systems during their short-term in an emergency condition, as well as to carry out a long-term forecast of the technical condition of the entire complex technical system. The use of software distributors of transmitted information provides an increase in the speed of the information-measuring system in diagnosing and predicting the state of complex technical systems, thereby ensuring timely assessment of the state of the critical components of complex technical systems whose failure affects the operation of the systems.

METHOD OF EFFICIENCY CONTROL OF THE PROCESS OF TECHNICAL OPERATION OF MARINE EQUIPMENT

Among the important tasks in the direction of improving the operation of the technical state is the upgrading of the system for collecting, processing and analyzing information on the technical condition and reliability of ships. The article argues that the choice of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the process of technical exploitation is a responsible stage of analysis, the quality of which depends on the results of analysis and the objectivity of choosing rational solutions. In connection with this for the modern period in the literature devoted to the technical and economic analysis of the efficiency of the operation of complex technical systems, there are three main approaches: the evaluation of the effectiveness of one generalized indicator (monocrystalline or scalar); evaluation by a number of indicators (polycrystalline or vector-on); evaluation of the system of indicators with the allocation of a group of common, most important factors. The timely detection of the moments of degradation processes, which determine the terms of transition to the limiting state and are individual for each type of product, is the main objective of controlling the level of reliability of technology at this stage of its operation. In order to assess the efficiency of the technical operation of the vessels, a large nomenclature of indicators has been developed and applied. Therefore, in order to carry out a comprehensive assessment of the impact of the process of rehabilitation of the marine dismantled dismemberment on the technical and economic efficiency of the technical exploitation of marine, it is necessary to use a vector-time efficiency gap that includes a number of partial usage indicators, reliability and cost-effectiveness with the separation of the group of general, the most important indicators. A comparative analysis of various methods and approaches has shown that the task of estimating and forecasting the indicators of technical and economic efficiency of the technical operation of modern ship complexes taking into account various operational factors, the adopted strategy of their technical operation needs to be addressed using the concept of mathematical modeling.

CONTROL OF TECHNICAL SYSTEMS BASED ON PREDICTION OF THEIR INDIVIDUAL RESOURCE

Contex. The actual task of forecasting an individual resource of a variety of design and design of technical systems was solved. Objective. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for managing the operation of complex technical systems based on the forecasting of their individual resource. Method. Modern management methods allow you to make advance management decisions to prevent accidents and the consequent technogenic catastrophes. These decisions are based on extrapolating the value of the monitored signal to the maximum permissible level. However, the norms are compiled based on average statistical data, which can only relate to a controlled sample of the machine with a certain degree of probability. This is the cause of errors in predicting the moment when this sample is stopped for repairs. This problem is especially urgent for complex and responsible technical systems manufactured in small series or even in single specimens. Such systems do not have statistical data to create these norms. To solve this problem, another management methodology was developed that excludes the extrapolation procedure and allows determining the operating time of the technical system prior to repair based on the identification results of the model, describing the time variation of the value of the monitored parameter Results. The methodology of management of technical systems is developed, ensuring the control of their current technical condition based on information on their individual resource. The methodology was used to control the gradual deterioration of the technical state of the hydro turbine, which resulted in its catastrophic destruction. Conclusions. The performed calculations confirmed the efficiency of the proposed methodology for managing the operation of technical systems based on the forecasting of their individual resource, which makes it possible to recommend it for use in practice when solving problems of controlling the operation of complex technical systems, thus preventing their accidents, often leading to man-made disasters. Prospects for further research will be the development of a forecasting - diagnostic complex, the software of which reflects the algorithm for applying the developed methodology of forecasting an individual resource of various designs and designation of technical systems.

Life-Support Model of Supply Systems of Oil and Gas Industry Objects

At present, repair and diagnostic complexes are being developed for repair of oil and gas production facilities, including control areas for working capacity, diagnosing components used in maintenance stations, as well as areas equipped with the necessary technological equipment, measuring instruments, tools and equipment for carrying out current repair of replacement elements. For maintenance of repair, repair-diagnostic complexes are equipped with means of power supply, sets of spare property and accessories and operational documentation. Repair-diagnostic complexes can be represented using a three-phase multi-channel queuing system. The study of such a system with the distribution functions of the service time of applications different from the exponential makes it difficult to use analytical models. The developed simulation model of the repair and diagnostic complex allows to evaluate the characteristics of its functioning, the most important of which is the average service time of the application in the system, as well as to determine the required number of channels on each site. The developed model can be aggregated into a general model of research into the operation of complex technical systems for supplying oilfield facilities.

Interconnected Markov models of dissimilar processes of operation of complex technical systems in long-term autonomous functioning

Interconnected Markov models of dissimilar processes of operation of complex technical systems in long-term autonomous functioning

A gradual failure model

The calculation of design reliability of developing technical systems using failures caused by deterioration and wear, called gradual failures, is considered. The novelty of the present paper consists in using a mathematical model based on the Weibull distribution law, which describes the reliability of an item based on deterioration of materials and element base as well as the wear of mechanisms at the parameter of the distribution curve shape α > 1 to calculate reliability of the gradual failures. The law was confirmed by the results of long-standing operation of complex technical systems. A mathematical model of calculating design reliability of an item for deterioration of materials and element base as well as wear of mechanisms is given for the normal distribution law.