Open Joint-Stock Company Research Articles

Pulse diffusion welding of female joints

Special feature of operation of electrovacuum tubes, in particular the cathode assembly, is constant heating due to bombardment of its surface with electrons. Stable characteristics and durability of the cathode assembly depend on high-quality connection (welding) of the core surfaces with the emitter over the entire area of ​​the overlapped conjugation. The use of diffusion welding for joining a cathode assembly made of dissimilar materials is not possible due to the occurrence of poor welding fusion due to the presence of gaps in the ring sectors of the equipment, and, consequently, a decrease in the service life of the cathode assembly. The authors proposed to implement the process by combining magnetic pulse welding with diffusion welding. The originality of the work is the possibility of remote action on the joint through a dielectric quartz cup, which is a part of the technological vacuum chamber. The inductor system is outside the quartz cup, which allows heating the assembled unit without heating the tool – an inductor made of dissimilar materials – to a temperature of 700 ° C and higher. The authors determined the main parameters of the process of pulse diffusion welding in vacuum: pressure in the working chamber is В=0.66·10−2Pa (5·10−5mmHg); preheating temperature is T=700–1250°C; magnetic field pulse energy is W=5÷17kJ; operating frequency of current pulse discharge is fd=5–15kHz; magnetic pressure is Pm∙107N/m2. In this way, cathode assemblies of a wide range of metal pair combinations with a base diameter of d=20mm and a sample length of L=40mm were produced. The proposed technology has been successfully implemented and introduced at Tantal (Open Joint Stock company). The economic effect consists in reducing labor intensity and obtaining joints of stable quality.

УЧЕТ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ ПОЖАРНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРИ РАЗРАБОТКЕ СИСТЕМЫ СБАЛАНСИРОВАННЫХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ДЛЯ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ТЯГОВОГО ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ПОДВИЖНОГО СОСТАВА

Open Joint Stock Company «Russian railways» is actively implementing projects to create innovative traction rolling stock that is safe for the environment and people, which is in good agreement with the goals of sustainable development. For effective management, comprehensive assessment and justification of the main directions for the development of locomotive traction, it is necessary to create a system of balanced environmental indicators. The issues of ensuring fire safety of locomotives remain relevant. The purpose of the work is to form a system of balanced environmental indicators for innovative traction railway rolling stock, taking into account fire safety requirements.
 The analysis of the activities of the world's largest railway companies in the field of environmental safety is carried out. The concept of balanced ecological development in the field of development and operation of innovative locomotives is presented. It is determined that the problems of environmental protection are considered separately from the issues of fire safety. An analysis of the concept of «balanced environmental development» is presented. The importance of the «Fire safety» criterion in the system of priorities for the development of traction rolling stock has been determined. Indicators that take into account fire safety requirements are presented.
 The expediency of their inclusion in the system of balanced environmental indicators is substantiated. Their characteristics are given. A methodology for calculating the effectiveness of implementing environmental and fire safety requirements for newly developed locomotives is proposed.

Impact of sanctions 2022–23 on the economic efficiency of the functioning of railway transport organizations in Russia (using the example of the Open Joint Stock Company «Russian Railways»)

Impact of sanctions 2022–23 on the economic efficiency of the functioning of railway transport organizations in Russia (using the example of the Open Joint Stock Company «Russian Railways»)

Efficiency of Enterprises in Conditions of Instability of the World Market (by the Example of Mining and Processing Plant “Erdenet”)

The research analyzed the effectiveness of the activity of the mining and industrial complex «Erdenet» at the present stage. The problems of transforming the mining and industrial complex «Erdenet» into an open joint-stock company and the advantages and disadvantages of this process are considered. The authors emphasize how relevant and necessary for study and analysis is the issue of increasing the efficiency of industrial enterprises at the present stage, especially in those conditions when the mining industry of Mongolia is successfully developing, and competition in the world market is intensifying. The instability of the world market of raw mineral resources, the growth of their consumption in the Asian market, the global financial crisis dictate the need to study the optimization of mining enterprises. It becomes important not only to study the world copper market, but also to study ways to reduce future price risks, increase the stability of the financial condition of mining companies. In the article, the authors consider the problems of transforming the Erdenet GOK into an open joint-stock company, the need to introduce hedging, and suggest specific directions for improving the efficiency of enterprises.

Обеспечение средствами индивидуальной защиты работников предприятий транспортной сферы

Purpose: Substantiation and development of an innovative service center for providing personal protective equipment for employees of transport enterprises. Analysis of the correlation of cases of occupational injury due to the non-use of special clothing and special protection and consideration of issues related to the need to create service centers for the storage, issuance, and cleaning of personal protective equipment. Methods: Research and analysis of regulatory documentation regulating the use and provision of personal protective equipment for employees of transport enterprises on the example of the Open Joint Stock Company “Russian Railways”. Application of the results of the statistical method of analyzing the dynamics of occupational injuries for organizational and technical reasons. Results: The functionality of service centers is proposed for consideration, as well as a brief justification of their necessity. Conclusions about the prospects of the proposed innovation are drawn. Practical significance: It is shown that the creation and implementation of service centers at railway transport enterprises will reduce the level of occupational injuries caused by the non-use of personal and collective protective equipment or the use of PPE of inadequate quality, as well as reduce the cost of premature disposal of workwear due to high-quality cleaning and repair, which in general will contribute to raising the quality of services rendered to employees of railway transport enterprises to a new level.

LEGAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RIGHT OF GRATUITOUS USE OF STATE PROPERTY

The norms of civil law are designed to regulate the relations of participants in civil legal relations arising from the appropriation of property benefits. Subjects of civil legal relations can satisfy their interest in property either through the conclusion of contractual relations, as a result of which the subject will have the right to demand satisfaction of their property interests through the behavior of an obligated person, or by acquiring property rights to the property with its subsequent use. In practice, there are legal relations in which it is very difficult to determine the nature of the rights arising in relation to property. In this article, an assessment of the rights arising from an open joint-stock company in relation to the state property transferred to it for gratuitous use is carried out. The analysis of the content of the contract for the gratuitous use of state property was carried out, the presence of signs of other civil law contracts in it was established. Proposals have been made to adjust the civil legislation.

An employer as a customer of a graduate’s set of competencies: a new approach to the formation of the content of educational programs

The design and implementation of a new educational technology in the system of secondary vocational education is the basis for the formation of modern approaches aimed at updating and improving personnel training, taking into account the main trends in the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. Vocational education traditionally focuses on the employer in its activities. The new educational technology “Professionalitet” is based on the basic approaches to the training of qualified mid-level personnel for the railway industry in accordance with the modern needs of the labor market and the effective interaction of educational organizations with the main employer Open Joint Stock Company “Russian Railways”.

О технических методах снижения числа сбоев в работе основных локомотивных устройств безопасности

Violations in operation of receiving equipment of safety locomotive major devices due to the hindering effect of electromagnetic interference (failures) are a rather frequent phenomenon on the railway network of the Open Joint Stock Company «Russian Railways» in the conditions of electromagnetic environment that has changed dramatically with active introduction of modern electric rolling stock. On the one hand, failures are the result of discrepancy of own parameters and operation algorithm of receiving equipment of safety locomotive major devices opposite interference, existing in inductive coupling channel of automatic locomotive signaling. On the other hand, it is a consequence of the lack of regulatory documentation with uniform established requirements for interference parameters under the influence of which, safety locomotive major devices, primarily built on a relay element base, shall provide for regular operation. Over the past decades, numerous and different by their technical essence attempts have been made to resolve these antagonistic contradictions. This work is one of the first attempts to generalize and analyze the results of pursued research and developments. The work is based on the results of a patent study conducted by the authors in order to identify trends in technical measure development to improve noise immunity in operation of safety locomotive major devices. On their basis, the authors proposed, described in detail and substantiated main technical methods for reducing failure number in the operation of safety locomotive major devices. The obtained results may be of interest to specialists involved in technical servicing, repairment, development and improvement of safety locomotive major devices and will be used further in the development of the theory of locomotive automatic signaling numerical code.

Selective pressure of biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyls on the formation of aerobic bacterial associations and their biodegradative potential.

Unique bacterial associations were formed in the polluted soils from territory of the industrial factories Open Joint Stock Company "The Middle Volga Chemical Plant," Chapaevsk, Russia and Open Joint Stock Company "Lubricant Producing Plant," Perm, Russia. This study evaluates the influence of the biphenyl/polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) on the formation of aerobic bacterial associations and their biodegradative potential. Enrichment cultivation of the soil samples from the territories of these industrial factories with PCB (commercial mixture Sovol) was lead for forming aerobic bacterial enrichment cultures showing a unique composition. The dominating in these bacterial cultures was the phylum Proteobacteria (Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria). Using biphenyl as a carbon source led to decrease of biodiversity in the final stable bacterial associations. Periodic cultivation experiments demonstrated that the association PN2-B has a high degradative potential among the six studied bacterial associations. PN2-B degraded 100% mono-chlorobiphenyls (94.5mg/L), 86.2% di-chlorobiphenyls (22.3mg/L), 50.9% Sovol, and 38.4% Delor 103 (13.8mg/L). Qualitative analysis of metabolites showed that association performed transformation of chlorobenzoic acids (PCB degradation intermediates) into metabolites of citrate cycle. Twelve individual strain-destructors were isolated. The strains were found to degrade 17.7-100% PCB1, 36.2-100% PCB2, 18.8-100% PCB3 (94.5mg/L), and 15.7-78.2% PCB8 (22.3mg/L). The strains were shown to metabolize chlorobenzoic acids formed during degradation of chlorobiphenyls. A unique ability of strains Micrococcus sp. PNS1 and Stenotrophomonas sp. PNS6 to degrade ortho-, meta-, and para-monosubstituted chlorobenzoic acids was revealed. Our results suggest that PN2-B and individual bacterial strains will be perspective for cleaning of the environment from polychlorinated biphenyls.

К ВОПРОСУ О КОНТРОЛЕ КАЧЕСТВА БЕТОНА

The article provides information on the results of assessing the quality of concrete internal wall panels. The requirements of various regulatory documents for the rules for accepting a batch of concrete are considered. The procedure of statistical sampling control on a quantitative basis is described. According to the statistical data of the factory laboratory of Open Joint Stock Company “ZhBK-1” (Penza) on the quality of grade 300 concrete in the manufacture of internal wall panels, the influence of the type of cement on the variability of concrete strength indicators is considered. The influence of the type of cement on the decision to accept a batch of concrete is established. Due to the higher value of the standard deviation of the quality indicators of Haldenberg cement in comparison with Sengileevsky cement, the acceptance of a batch of concrete depends on the level of product defectiveness. It is revealed that, depending on the number of samples during testing, the decision on batch acceptance, made in accordance with GOST 10180-2012 and GOST R ISO 12491-2011, may be different. It is proposed to amend GOST 10180-2012 in paragraph 4 regarding the number of samples for testing, taking into account the requirements of GOST R ISO 12491. This will contribute to a more objective decision on the acceptance of the batch. The effect of the type of cement on the reproducibility of the production process is shown.

Retrospective and Perspective View of the Next Stage of Privatization in Azerbaijan

When oil prices fell on world markets, privatization in Azerbaijan came to the fore again. This time, the companies to be privatized were transferred to the management of the Azerbaijan Investment Holding on November 5, 2020, for rehabilitation. The list of such state companies and enterprises, as well as joint-stock companies with state share, include the State Oil Company of the Republic of Azerbaijan (SOCAR), Azerbaijan Airlines Closed Joint Stock Company (CJSC), Azerbaijan Railways CJSC, Azerbaijan Caspian Shipping Company CJSC, AzerGold CJSC, Azerenergy Open Joint Stock Company (OJSC), International Bank of Azerbaijan OJSC, Azerbaijan International Telecom (AzInTelecom) LLC, Azerpocht LLC, Baku Telephone Communication LLC,etc. The main directions of the budget and tax policy of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 2021-2024 state that special attention will be paid to stimulating the privatization of state property and creating more favorable conditions for investors next year. However, the projected revenues from privatization in 2021-2024 (111.0 million manats in 2021, 66.0 million manats in 2022, 62.0 million manats in 2023, and 64.0 million manats in 2024) show that this source will receive more funds this year than in the next years. The Azerbaijani government is going to re-privatize with dirty and dubious privatization practices. Therefore, mistakes made in the 1st and 2nd phase of privatization should be studied and lessons should be taken during.

Financial investments at the expense of “Capital's Mice” (“Dividend Rodents”) and “Blind Shareholders”

The purpose of this article is to consider the listing of shares by an open joint stock company in the form of an Initial Public Offering (IPO) and the issues related to its implementation at the global level, the purpose of which is the placement/transition of shares and replenishment of authorized capital. We believe that this can be done by transforming the income into a capital earned by the organization, which is presented in the article in detail. Also, in case of a transformation, the Financial Statements will not be prepared in accordance with the applicable principles for the preparation of financial statements, which will lead to the users' decision-making in these financial statements.

The linen factory park of “Biysk linen company OAO” (open joint-stock company) landscape gardening redesign project in Biysk city

The aim of this research is to develop more rational proposal to improve the green area on the territory of Biysk city park in terms of its recreation, protective, sanitary and hygienic, aesthetic and research purposes. The inventory of green plantations was carried out according to the method of V.S. Theodoronsky, I.O. Bogovaya by enumeration survey of growing stand on the park area. The inventory results of green areas and the assessment of green plantations health are shown in this work, the land-use planning and landscape gardening compliance of the area were examined too. According to the results of the study, the causes are established and the methods are set for the green plantations redesign of the park area. The list of arboreal and herbaceous plants and landscape design solutions were chosen by taking into account the environmental conditions of the Altai Territory.

Оценка уровня воздействия техногенных факторов при добыче и производстве гранитного щебня

Using the example of Open Joint Stock Company «Pavlovskgranit», located in the Voronezh region, the level of impact of technogenic factors (air pollution and noise) during the extraction and production of crushed granite was estimated. It was established that 61 pollutants enter the atmospheric air from 134 sources of pollution. The main contribution to the total volume of emissions (1881.0 tons/year) is made by inorganic dust with a SiO2 content of 70-20% - 73.4%, sulfur dioxide - 9.8%, carbon monoxide - 114.3 tons/year. Blasting operations in open pits during the extraction of crushed granite are the leading production process that makes a significant contribution to the volume of emissions. At the same time, the remoteness of industrial sites from the territory of residential development, the presence of a sanitary protection zone, allows us to speak about the admissibility of the impact of concentrations of pollutants in the air and the noise factor at the border of the territory of the nearest residential development.

HEMATOLOGICAL INDICES AND THE RATE OF GROWTH DEPENDING ON DURATION OF EMBRYONIC GROWTH OF PIGS OBTAINED BY COMMERCIAL CROSS-BREEDING

The studies were performed in pigs obtained by commercial cross-breeding under conditions of pig-breeding complex of Agricultural Open Joint-Stock Company Agrokombinat Kalyta. 115 crossbred breeding sows (Big White x Landras) – of similar age and development – were selected for the study; they were mated with purebred Big White boars. Three groups by five animals were selected from these breeding sows by pregnancy duration. The first one (control group, the pregnancy duration was the farm average) – 112-116 days; the second one (study group, reduced pregnancy duration) – 103-111 days; the third one (study group, extended pregnancy duration) – 117-120 days. The authors studied the growth duration and hematological parameters of these breeding sows’ offsprings after ablactation until the end of fattening. The piglets were ablactated at the age of 26 days. The young stock were fed with dry feed stuff according to the conventional technology. The feed level for the pigs of all groups was the same. The pigs were weighted upon birth at 1, 2, 4, 6 months, and the relative weight gain and actual growth rate of the pigs were determined by Shmalgauzen and Brody formula. Hematological tests were performed at the age of 2, 4 and 6 months in four animals from each group (two gilts and two boars). Blood for tests was collected from auricular veins before feeding. Red blood cell count and hemoglobin concentration were measured by hemascope, total protein, albumin and globulins were measured refractometrically. It has been established that the piglets obtained from the breeding sows with reduced pregnancy duration had the lowest body weight at birth, and the piglets obtained from the extended pregnancy had the highest body weight. From the age of two months, the young stock with the reduced embryonic growth duration were superior to the age-mates with the average and extended pregnancy in terms of body weight. The animals with reduced embryonic growth duration had higher relative weight gain and the actual growth rate factor, which characterizes their high growth intensity. The pigs obtained at commercial cross-breeding with different embryonic development duration had different blood composition. Thus, the piglets with reduced and average embryonic growth duration, had higher red blood cells count, hemoglobin and total protein content. Higher hematological indicators in pigs with reduced embryonic period coincide with the period of their higher growth energy which indicates the interrelation between the intensity of the animals’ growth and the red blood cell count, hemoglobin and total protein in blood. Therefore, the embryonic development period reduction positively affects the growth energy, that is associated with improved hematological indicators, which is advisable to consider in pigs selection program.

Cargo transportation and commodity flows management

Introduction: the subject of the study is the development of recommendations for improving the planning and organization of freight transportation and operational work in the framework of goods flow management and the effective interaction of transport market participants in the value chain. The relevance of this topic is associated with the implementation of the priorities of the Long-Term Development Program of the Open Joint-Stock Company Russian Railways until 2025. Materials and methods: analytical, marketing, design methods. Materials of general access and official sites, own research. Results: Authors have considered priority tasks that require a scientific and practical solution: building a compliance system; improving the planning and pricing system of integrated transport services; updating the concept of rationing the operational work of railways; distribution of quotas between companies - operators for the transport of goods; rating of operators’ companies; criteria for evaluating logistics activities and balanced scorecard. Conclusions: When implementing the proposal, Russian Railways will formulate tools for improving the planning and organization of freight transportation and operational work as part of the management of goods flows and the effective interaction of transport market participants in the value chain.

Slaughter and meat productivity of young pigs of domestic, Canadian and French breeds

Relevance and methods. During 2010–2017 in conditions of large pig-breeding complexes of Open Joint Stock Company Smolmyaso – Smolensk Region, limited liability company “Stupinsky Meat Processing Plant” and agricultural production cooperative Mashkino – Moscow Region a research and production experiment was conducted to determine the intravital productivity and slaughter indicators of young pigs of Russian, Canadian and French breeding. Experimental youngsters from 2 month age to a live weight of 100 kg were contained under conditions of control growing. The conditions of keeping, feeding and slaughter of young pigs were identical.Results. When pigs reached a live weight of 95–105 kg they were evaluated on their own productivity and slaughter indicators.

Research into decomposition of hydrocarbons at restructured treatment facilities of Autodetail Open Joint Stock Company

Introduction. The novelty of the research is driven by the growing environmental contamination with anthropogenic substances, and in the course of accidents and emergency situations, as well as the need to develop the most advanced methods of their elimination. More intensive application of selected micro-organisms, capable of using variable valency chemicals as terminal acceptors, can help to treat wastewater from organic and mineral pollutants.
 Materials and methods. The co-authors have performed a review of literature and used analytical equipment to conduct laboratory researches according to standard and advanced methodologies.
 Results. The principal results include the restructuring of the treatment facilities operated by Autodetail Open Joint Stock Company. The restructuring consisted in the feeding process change in the currently used biological tower for the feeding to be performed with the help of the fiber carrier and immobilized association of oil oxidizing microorganisms. The association was obtained in the course of earlier laboratory researches. The most active nitrogen-gathering and oil oxidizing cultures, including Rhodococcus erythropoltis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Arthrobacter tumescens, Pseudomonas rathonis, Azotobacter chroococcum, taken in equal parts, helped to develop a bio-product designated for the decomposition of oil and its components in the aquatic environment. This bio-product was immobilized in respect of the feeding to be performed with the help of the fiber carrier and loaded into the production company’s biological tower which is part of idle wastewater treatment facilities.
 Conclusions. In the course of the work performed at the first stage, special cultures were selected for the treatment of water from hydrocarbons of anthropogenic origin. These cultures had nitrogen-fixing properties needed to reduce secondary anthropogenic pollution of the water body. At the second stage, water treatment facilities of Autodetail Open Joint Stock Company were restructured and operation-related results were obtained. They enabled the researchers to make a statement that the biological transformation of pollutions was efficiently applicable to the suspended matter — 99.7 %; oil products — 98.3 %; COD — 89.2 %; nitrogen of ammonium salts — 77.9 %; mineral phosphorus — 53.3 %.
 Acknowledgements: The co-authors would like to express gratitude to all reviewers and the writing team for the publication of this article.

MODELING FACTORS AFFECTING NET ASSETS OF INVESTMENT FUNDS USING AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG (ARDL) MODEL

The article focuses on econometric modelling of the factors affecting the net assets of investment funds as an example of “Kamalak’ and “Daromad-plus” investment funds in the form of open joint stock company using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The following factors were chosen as factors affecting the change in net asset of investment funds. Accounts receivable of investment funds, accounts payable, total revenue, total costs and net profit.

Intravital productivity and slaughter indicators of pigs of domestic, Canadian and French breeds

Relevance and methods. During 2010–2015 in conditions of large pigbreeding complexes of Open Joint Stock Company “Smolmyaso ” — Smolensk Region, limited liability company “Stupinsky Meat Processing Plant” and agricultural production cooperative “Mashkino” — Moscow Region a research and production experiment was conducted to determine the intravital productivity and slaughter indicators of young pigs of Russian, Canadian and French breeding. Experimental youngsters from 2 month age to a live weight of 100 kg were contained under conditions of control growing. The conditions of keeping, feeding and slaughter of young pigs were identical. When pigs reached a live weight of 95-105 kg they were evaluated on their own productivity and slaughter indicators. Results. It was found that among young Russian, Canadian and French breeds, the three-breed crossbreeds obtained by crossing two-breed cross-breeding sows with boars of the Duroc breed were characterized by the highest early maturity and growth rate. The results of the control slaughter showed that the three-breed crossbreeds of young Canadian and French breeding were also characterized by the best slaughter parameters. It was established that young pigs of Canadian and French breeding are more precocious and have better slaughter rates than young stock of domestic breeding. Based on the obtained research results, it is recommended to use Canadian and French pigs more widely to obtain commercial young pigs with high fattening and meat qualities.