Ontology Schema Research Articles

Deriving Competitive Foresight Using an Ontology-Based Patent Roadmap and Valuation Analysis

An ontology-based patent roadmap and valuation analysis approach provides competitive foresights for a corporation's associated patent portfolios and the underlying business processes. To demonstrate the methodology and computer supported analysis system, the patent portfolios of two global smart e-retailers are compared. The patents in each company's portfolio are text mined and categorized based on the smart retailing ontology schema. Both cases' text mining results are plotted as patent portfolio roadmaps, linking patents to innovation categories, commercial applications, and business process models. The three-dimensional (3-D) patent valuation analysis method provides foresights of the companies' competitive advantages related to “patent scope” (PS), “patent importance” (PI), and “patent innovation” (PIN). The research implements a computer supported system to provide evidence how companies utilize patent portfolios as key strategies for protecting business related intellectual properties (IPs) while implementing sustainable and competitive business processes.

Идеализированный объект теории и ее логика: модель взаимосвязи

The paper explores the relationship between two levels of theory, i.e. its initial theoretical basis and its logic. The author describes three possible states of the initial theoretical basis: the potential, the state of the hypothesis, and the formation state. These states presumably differ in the degree of internal correlation of ingredients, which depends on the activity of the researcher’s mind. The author tries to determine the ontological location of the original theoretical basis. An analysis of historical and philosophical literature revealed the following characteristic positions, i.e. objective idealism, representationism, praxeological apriorism, praxeological subjectivism, and culturological transcendentalism. Each of the positions has its own argument and rational grounds. After a brief comparison, the author focuses on the last one. He analyses the possible mechanisms of the epistemological genesis of the idealized subject of theory from a potential initial theoretical basis, i.e. choice, invention, and transfer. In this paper, the methodological level of theory is understood as a set of its interpretations, i.e. in practical experience, semantics, and spiritual-theoretical space. Then the author identifies the main forms of interaction of the initial theoretical framework and the logic of theory. First, scientists, often unaccountably, shape the potential space of the original theoretical basis through the methodological operations of idealizations, design, and hypothetical input. In addition, theorists, who purposefully develop a theory, conceptualize the corresponding specific methods through the empirical projection of the theory, by introducing definitions of certain terms of the theoretical language in terms of the empirical language and vice versa. Finally, the author summarizes that the initial theoretical foundations formed into conceptual frameworks are prescriptions of scientific activity and operators of reflexive acts. Thus, rationality is a constant search for proportion and equilibrium between the postulated order (the ontological scheme) and the order of judgments about it (the methodology).

Towards an Ontology Design Pattern for UAV Video Content Analysis

Video scene understanding is leading to an increased research investment in developing artificial intelligence technologies, pattern recognition, and computer vision, especially with the advance in sensor technologies. Developing autonomous unmanned vehicles, able to recognize not just targets appearing in a scene but a complete scene the targets are involved in (describing events, actions, situations, etc.) is becoming crucial in the recent advanced intelligent surveillance systems. At the same time, besides these consolidated technologies, the Semantic Web Technologies are also emerging, yielding seamless support to the high-level understanding of the scenes. To this purpose, the paper proposes a systematic ontology modeling to support and improve video content analysis, by generating a comprehensive high-level scene description, achieved by semantic reasoning and querying. The ontology schema comes from as an integration of new and existing ontologies and provides some design pattern guideline to get a high-level description of a whole scenario. It starts from the description of basic targets in the video scenario, thanks to the support of video tracking algorithms and target classification; then provides a higher level interpretation, compounding event-driven target interactions (for local activity comprehension), to reach gradually an abstraction high level that enables a concise and complete scenario description.

Prediction of Press-Fit Quality via Data Mining Techniques and Artificial Intelligence

Determining the press-fit quality of pieces in advance is of the utmost importance because it enables the reduction of the time that is invested in the process and the prevention of material losses. High predictive accuracy is essential in a classification model; however, several studies have shown that the class category of a new instance may be insufficient information for decision making. To provide additional information to the user, this study presents a novel system that is based on a hybrid model, which, in addition, to using a classifier, extracts a set of class association rules that enable the determination of which patterns influence the new instance to belong to a class category. To select the classifier, the accuracy, recall and F-measure metrics were utilized. The rules were obtained with the Apriori algorithm to show that this knowledge is automatically represented in an ontological scheme with the objective of applying the Pellet reasoner.

INNOVATIVE CONCEPT OF "SPACE" IN THE TRANSFORMATION MODEL OF THE UNIVERSITY

The article formulates the methodological foundations of the fourth generation university model. A university is understood as a social institution that performs the function of human development. The problem that the thoughts given in the article are focused on is the lack of a philosophical level university model developed in the current discussion field that meets the target indicators of the national projects “Science”, “Education” and “Digital Economy”. The research methodology is development schemes in the theory of knowledge, the theory of activity and the philosophy of technology. The result is a demonstration of an ontological scheme for constructing a transformational model of a university, allowing verification of the current state of affairs in the processes of reforming higher education in Russia, guaranteeing the coherence of the university’s development standards as a social institution. In the first three paragraphs, the basic ontological prerequisites for the interaction of man and the cosmos are formulated, the content of the concepts of space, scientific knowledge and technical creativity is revealed, and the stages of the development of artificial nature are demonstrated. An ontological scheme is given that fixes the knowledge and action of a person in the actual and potential cosmos. In the fourth paragraph, the thesis is defended that the university is a form of social organization that performs the function of managing the interaction of space and man and that is developing in proportion to the level of science and technology. The fifth and sixth paragraphs discuss the so-called “generations” of universities, the transformation of the university is described as the consistent emancipation and institutionalization of the self-government functions of the social subject: the second generation of universities forms research management structures in the third generation - the structures for implementing research results in the real economy. In the seventh paragraph, the thesis is formulated that the fourth generation university synthesizing the forms of a research and entrepreneurial university in order to correspond to the current state of the artificial habitat of mankind must create in itself a goal setting management structure and learn to work with a new level of uncertainty.

Semantic Web based E-Government System

Objective: This paper focuses on integration of Semantic Web with E-Governance by developing a blog based portal for feedback to implement machine readable G2C in an automated way which is one of the targets of Government 3.0. Methods: We propose to change the representation system of blog based portals for linking data in accordance with a general schema to make it semantically meaningful for machines to perform queries. Citizen Feedback system is employed as a test case to extract raw data and associated metadata in an automated way without parsing any structure. Ontology is developed to help in identification of entities and interpret user comments. Findings: The proposed architecture will make it possible for machines to automatically extract and report the general feedback from comments given by a large community of users. Current Web 2.0 based portals show that for estimation of feedbacks, each blog needs to be evaluated either manually or by employing parsing techniques using Bag of Words approach. To implement our proposed approach, we have developed a social semantic-based networking system through which citizens give comments on the policies/decisions implemented or decided to be implemented by the Government. The system interprets machine-readable comments and generates a summary to report the overall public opinion on a certain government policy, hence reducing the gap between citizens and government - one of the primary objectives of eGovernment as Government 3.0. The use of W3C compliant framework in our implementation will lead to universal adaptability of system. It has been found that the proposed approach resulted in a more accurate and efficient analysis of user comments as compared to manual and NLP/Text Mining techniques within a restricted domain. Application: The current implementation can also be extended to cover other domains with a little modification in the ontology schema, such as education, finance, and healthcare. Keywords: Auto Summarization, E-Government, Government 3.0, Ontology, Social Semantic Web

A knowledge-based model for managing the ontology evolution: case study of maintenance in SONATRACH

The challenges of the development of a suitable ontology scheme in decision-making environment should be taken in conjunction with the exploitation of more recent technologies. It is expected that the use of ontologies will lead to the construction of more intelligent applications, allowing them to work more specifically at a human conceptual level. We propose in this article an approach that analyses the impact of changes in the ontology on business rules in order to detect inconsistencies that may be generated. In addition, the developed tool provides solutions to repair inconsistencies with the help of domain experts. In our work, business rules are edited from the concepts and properties that are stored in an OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontology named OntoloG. This latter is implemented throughout the use of Protégé 4.0.2.with the OWL sub-language. OntoloG has been developed by the knowledge acquisition from documents, collection and capitalisation of business rules process with experts in SONATRACH AVAL.

Causes and Means of Healing: An Islamic Ontological Perspective.

Healthcare practitioners are increasingly aware that patients may utilize faith-based healing practices in place of conventional medicine based on their spiritual and/or religious understandings of health and illness. Therefore, elucidating the ontological understandings of patients utilizing such religion-based treatments may clarify why patients and clinicians have differing understandings of 'who' heals and 'what' are means for healing. This paper describes an Islamic ontological schema that includes the following realms: Divine existence; spirits/celestial beings; non-physical forms/similitudes; and physical bodies. Ontological schema-based means of healing include conventional medicine, religion-based means (e.g., supplication, charity, prescribed incantations/amulets), and active adoption of Islamic virtues (e.g., reliance on God [tawakkul] and patience [sabr]). An ontological schema-based description of causes and means of healing can service a more holistic model of healthcare by integrating the overlapping worlds of religion and medicine and can support clinicians seeking to further understand and assess patient responses and attitudes toward illness and healing.

The limits of culture in political theory: A critique of multiculturalism from the perspective of anthropology’s ontological turn

Political theorists have developed and refined the concept of culture through much critical discussion with anthropology. This article will deepen this engagement by claiming that political theory has glossed over a crucial aspect of the role of the concept of culture, rather than defined it incorrectly. It will be argued that culture represents one way of accounting for the variety of human groups by drawing on the recent ‘ontological turn’ in anthropology. This rests on an understanding of ontology as a system of classifying entities anterior to social relations rather than a philosophical position. The article will argue against culture’s status as a neutral and universal method of understanding human diversity by situating it within a pluralist approach to ontology, that posits multiple ontological schemas which form different social systems, each with their own understanding of human difference. Through an investigation of the implicit ontological commitments of multiculturalism it will be claimed that all political positions rest on a set of ontological presuppositions, and that these classifications place restrictions on the politics that they can express. Thus, political theorists should be vigilant of implicit ontological biases, represented here by culture, if they are to positively accommodate human difference.

Descola’s Model Of Religion and Nature Examined

Philippe Descola suggested a scheme to enumerate dispositions to nature in such a way as to take into account non-Western practices that tend to be overshadowed by the dominance of naturalism. He also deployed this scheme to account for other religious types in the world, which in the same manner tend to be obscured by Western Christianity. This article examines Descola’s ontological scheme in the light of the case of the Mwali cult in the Matobo Hills World Heritage Site in Zimbabwe. Data gathered through a protracted period of participant observation and interviews in Matobo Hills shows that instead of the fourfold scheme Descola proposes, his reference to incarnation and figuration is a more promising avenue in an attempt to account for religious forms and the various ways humans relate to their environments.

Research on the Method of Extracting Domain Knowledge From the Freebase RDF Dumps

In the process of constructing a domain semantic knowledge base based on ontologies, reusing existing domain knowledge bases not only facilitates sharing, integration, and reuse of the domain semantic knowledge base but also can accelerate the construction of the domain semantic knowledge base. The open and fast growing Freebase database is a good data source, which can be reused to construct the domain semantic knowledge base. However, extracting domain knowledge from the Freebase Resource Description Framework (RDF) dumps faces many challenges. For example, the dump package is too large to read or load; the dump package contains a lot of unnecessary and redundant facts; some ill-formed triples may cause the load to fail, and so on. In response to these obstacles and the deficiencies of existing research, this paper proposes a method to extract domain knowledge quickly, accurately, and completely from the Freebase RDF dumps and describes the domain knowledge using the semantic constructs in ontology standard description languages. Taking extracting the ontology schema and instance data of the medicine domain, including the facts pointing to semantically related domains, as an example, the principle and implementation process of the method are explained in detail and the algorithms of the key processes are described. Finally, the method of this paper is evaluated, including the comparison and analysis of related methods with work objectives, software tools used, processing results, processing performance, accuracy, completeness, and reusability.

A Compact Co-Evolutionary Algorithm for sensor ontology meta-matching

With the proliferation of sensors, semantic web technologies are becoming closely related to sensor network. The linking of elements from semantic web technologies with sensor networks is called semantic sensor web whose main feature is the use of sensor ontologies. However, due to the subjectivity of different sensor ontology designer, different sensor ontologies may define the same entities with different names or in different ways, raising so-called sensor ontology heterogeneity problem. There are many application scenarios where solving the problem of semantic heterogeneity may have a big impact, and it is urgent to provide techniques to enable the processing, interpretation and sharing of data from sensor web whose information is organized into different ontological schemes. Although sensor ontology heterogeneity problem can be effectively solved by Evolutionary Algorithm (EA)-based ontology meta-matching technologies, the drawbacks of traditional EA, such as premature convergence and long runtime, seriously hamper them from being applied in the practical dynamic applications. To solve this problem, we propose a novel Compact Co-Evolutionary Algorithm (CCEA) to improve the ontology alignment’s quality and reduce the runtime consumption. In particular, CCEA works with one better probability vector (PV) $$PV_{better}$$ and one worse PV $$PV_{worse}$$ , where $$PV_{better}$$ mainly focuses on the exploitation which dedicates to increase the speed of the convergence and $$PV_{worse}$$ pays more attention to the exploration which aims at preventing the premature convergence. In the experiment, we use Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI) test cases and two pairs of real sensor ontologies to test the performance of our approach. The experimental results show that CCEA-based ontology matching approach is both effective and efficient when matching ontologies with various scales and under different heterogeneous situations, and compared with the state-of-the-art sensor ontology matching systems, CCEA-based ontology matching approach can significantly improve the ontology alignment’s quality.

IoT patent roadmap for smart logistic service provision in the context of Industry 4.0

Industry 4.0 enables the management of factories manufacturing products with complexity and flexibility. The corresponding logistic services must provide greater accuracy and efficiency in logistic operations. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an important aspect for smart logistics in the context of Industry 4.0. For instance, intelligent logistics models use IoT integrated technologies, e.g. radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensor network (WSN) and cloud computing, to enhance the traceability and decision supports of logistic processes in real-time speed, high accuracy, and flexibility. This research focuses on analyzing the related technology roadmaps for the adoption of IoT technologies in smart logistic services. A case research is conducted specifically to identify the relationship between IoT-oriented technologies and deployed advanced logistic services. The logistic operations are organized into an ontology schema based on a four level service framework. The research proposes a roadmap approach to visualize the patent allocations and evolutions corresponding to logistic services at each level. Although the patent roadmap methodology is generic, this research focuses on the two industry leaders, which are UPS and IBM. Using the roadmap methodology, the IoT enabled smart logistic patents are analyzed to identify technology-related business strengths and strategies.

SEMANTO: a graphical ontology management system for knowledge discovery

This work describes a visual system for managing ontologies in the RDF formalism, providing a number of features for creating, updating and deleting elements and instances via a user-friendly graphical interface, along with a set of advanced operators that can be applied upon them. These operators implement mechanisms for ontology instance matching and integration, ontology enrichment with semantically-related concepts, as well as question answering in natural language, with the purpose of discovering knowledge from the underlying ontologies. SEMANTO may display and manage RDF ontologies via SPARQL endpoints, including user-defined ontologies and subsets of Linked Open Data. SEMANTO has been experimented upon against ontological schema and instances derived from a knowledge model for learning management systems and from a learning application for online dispute resolution.

미디어 분류를 위한 온톨로지 스키마 자동 생성

미디어 분류를 위한 온톨로지 스키마 자동 생성

Mediation system for dealing with semantic problems in databases

Integration of heterogeneous data sources is a difficult task for providing users with the unified interface without semantic heterogeneity problems. We can classify this type of heterogeneity into query-level heterogeneity and data source-level heterogeneity. The first level is related to different expressions defined by different users to the same query. The second level of heterogeneity is related to various representations of the data value and to different definitions to describe the same data. In this context, we propose a novel semantic mediation system to solve the diverse levels of semantic heterogeneity in databases. We use ONTology of Alimentation RISks (ONTARIS), our domain ontology on alimentation risks as well as a shared schema of mediator. The results of the experimental evaluation suggest that correct identification and construction of ontology schema matching play a very important role in solving semantic heterogeneity at both the query and database levels.

Mediation system for dealing with semantic problems in databases

Integration of heterogeneous data sources is a difficult task for providing users with the unified interface without semantic heterogeneity problems. We can classify this type of heterogeneity into query-level heterogeneity and data source-level heterogeneity. The first level is related to different expressions defined by different users to the same query. The second level of heterogeneity is related to various representations of the data value and to different definitions to describe the same data. In this context, we propose a novel semantic mediation system to solve the diverse levels of semantic heterogeneity in databases. We use ONTology of Alimentation RISks (ONTARIS), our domain ontology on alimentation risks as well as a shared schema of mediator. The results of the experimental evaluation suggest that correct identification and construction of ontology schema matching play a very important role in solving semantic heterogeneity at both the query and database levels.

VhMentor: An Ontology Supported Mobile Agent System for Pervasive Health Care Monitoring.

Healthcare provision is a set of activities that demands the collaboration of several stakeholders (e.g. physicians, nurses, managers, patients etc.) who hold distinct expertise and responsibilities. In addition, medical knowledge is diversely located and often shared under no central coordination and supervision authority, while medical data flows remain mostly passive regarding the way data is delivered to both clinicians and patients. In this paper, we propose the implementation of a virtual health Mentor (vhMentor) which stands as a dedicated ontology schema and FIPA compliant agent system. Agent technology proves to be ideal for developing healthcare applications due to its distributed operation over systems and data sources of high heterogeneity. Agents are able to perform their tasks by acting pro-actively in order to assist individuals to overcome limitations posed during accessing medical data and executing non-automatic error-prone processes. vhMentor further comprises the Jess rules engine in order to implement reasoning logic. Thus, on the one hand vhMentor is a prototype that fills the gap between healthcare systems and the care provision community, while on the other hand allows the blending of next generation distributed services in healthcare domain.

FOUNDATIONS OF A CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY THREAT SOURCES AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL

The article considers the main features of sources and subjects of threats to economic security at the national level as well as their relations to the national economic system’s objects (elements). The aim is to create an ontological basis for interpreting knowledge of typical and specific sources of threats to economic security at various levels and in various nodes of the system for ensuring economic security, including in the monitoring system for economic security, as stipulated in the Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030. Three main threat source types are considered: natural, technogenic, anthropogenic. The character, types of objects and motives or causes of the threat sources are described. Sources of information and tasks to be resolved in the course of preparing measures to counter threat subjects are noted. A generalized ontological scheme for monitoring sources of threats was developed. The novelty of the work lies in the systematization and structuring of the knowledge of the problem field, which must be mastered for comprehensive information and knowledge provision of counteracting the sources of threats to economic security. The proposed conceptual model can serve as a basis for the creation of information, ontological, cognitive and structural-functional models, as well as heuristics for agent-based modeling of the behavior of threat sources within the framework of automated support systems and decision-making for economic security on the national level.

Temporal schema versioning in τOWL: a systematic approach for the management of time-varying knowledge

In this work, we consider the adoption of an OWL 2 ontology for the representation and management of time-varying knowledge. The W3C OWL 2 recommendation lacks explicit support for time-varying OWL ontologies. In previous work, we introduced τOWL which is an infrastructure and suite of tools to support the creation and validation of OWL ontologies with time-varying instances. In this paper, we extend τOWL to also support temporal versioning of the ontology schema. Schema versioning in the τOWL framework means that all the three components of a τOWL schema (i.e. conventional schema, logical and physical annotations) are versioned. In particular, we propose two complete sets of primitives, one for updating the conventional ontology schema and the other for managing the temporal ontology schema, and define their operational semantics. We also illustrate their use, through an example.