Ontology Changes Research Articles

SARS-CoV-2 mitochondriopathy in COVID-19 pneumonia exacerbates hypoxemia

RationaleSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19 pneumonia. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 causes alveolar injury and hypoxemia by damaging mitochondria in airway epithelial cells (AEC) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), triggering apoptosis and bioenergetic impairment, and impairing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), respectively. ObjectivesWe examined the effects of: A) human betacoronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43, and individual SARS-CoV-2 proteins on apoptosis, mitochondrial fission, and bioenergetics in AEC; and B) SARS-CoV-2 proteins and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-1) infection on HPV. MethodsWe used transcriptomic data to identify temporal changes in mitochondrial-relevant gene ontology (GO) pathways post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also transduced AECs with SARS-CoV-2 proteins (M, Nsp7 or Nsp9) and determined effects on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) activity, relative membrane potential, apoptosis, mitochondrial fission, and oxygen consumption rates (OCR). In human PASMC, we assessed the effects of SARS-CoV-2 proteins on hypoxic increases in cytosolic calcium, an HPV proxy. In MHV-1 pneumonia, we assessed HPV via cardiac catheterization and apoptosis using the TUNEL assay. ResultsSARS-CoV-2 regulated mitochondrial apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and electron transport chain (ETC) GO pathways within 2 hours of infection. SARS-CoV-2 downregulated ETC Complex I and ATP synthase genes, and upregulated apoptosis-inducing genes. SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 upregulated and activated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and increased mitochondrial fission. SARS-CoV-2 and transduced SARS-CoV-2 proteins increased apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) expression and activated caspase 7, resulting in apoptosis. Coronaviruses also reduced OCR, decreased ETC Complex I activity and lowered ATP levels in AEC. M protein transduction also increased mPTP opening. In human PASMC, M and Nsp9 proteins inhibited HPV. In MHV-1 pneumonia, infected AEC displayed apoptosis and HPV was suppressed. BAY K8644, a calcium channel agonist, increased HPV and improved SpO2. ConclusionsCoronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, cause AEC apoptosis, mitochondrial fission, and bioenergetic impairment. SARS-CoV-2 also suppresses HPV by targeting mitochondria. This mitochondriopathy is replicated by transduction with SARS-CoV-2 proteins, indicating a mechanistic role for viral-host mitochondrial protein interactions. Mitochondriopathy is a conserved feature of coronaviral pneumonia that may exacerbate hypoxemia and constitutes a therapeutic target.

A Theoretical Overview of Biographic Writing from an Ontological and Epistemological Perspective

Biyografi, insan hayatını yazma esasına dayanan bir tür olmakla birlikte biyografik anlatıların işlevi sadece bireyin yaşamını kaydederek bir hayat örüntüsünü gelecek nesillere ulaştırmayla sınırlı değildir. Yapılan çalışmalar, biyografinin en eski çağlardan beri insanın kimlik edinmesinde ve varlığı anlamlandırmasında bir vasıta olarak kullanıldığını gösterir. Bireylerin kimlik ve anlam ihtiyacını şekillendiren felsefi zemin değiştikçe biyografinin de biçim ve içerik açısından farklılaştığı görülür. Bu nedenle yaşamöyküsü yazımı, her dönemin koşul ve ihtiyaçlarına göre kendini yenileyen dinamik bir yapıya sahiptir. Felsefe, psikoloji ve sinirbilimin verileri, benliğin biyografik öykülerle anlatılaştırılarak inşa edildiğini gösterir. Felsefe tarihi boyunca bilgi felsefesinde yaşanan gelişmeler hem biyografi yazıcılığının metodunu hem de yazılan eserlerin kurgulanma biçimini etkiler. Bu çalışmada, insanlığın düşünsel gelişim sürecinde ontoloji ve epistemolojide meydana gelen kırılmaların biyografi yazıcılığını nasıl etkilediği ele alınmış ve biyografi türünün tarihsel süreçteki yolculuğu felsefi eğilimlerle ilişkilendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ontoloji ve epistemolojideki gelişmelerin biyografi yazıcılığını etkilemesi, bir yaşamı yazma güdüsünün düşünsel bir zemine dayandığını ve felsefedeki gelişmelerle etkileşim hâlinde olduğunu gösterir.

Alignment Conservativity Under the Ontology Change

Recently, many methods have appeared to solve the problem of the evolution of alignment under the change of ontologies. The main challenge for them is to maintain consistency of alignment after applying the change. An alignment is consistent if and only if the ontologies remain consistent even when used in conjunction with the alignment. The objective of this work is to take a step forward by considering the alignment evolution according to the conservativity principle under the change of ontologies. In this context, an alignment is conservative if the ontological change should not introduce new semantic relationships between concepts from one of the input ontologies. The authors give methods for the conservativity violation detection and repair under the change of ontologies and they carry out an experiment on a dataset adapted from the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative. The experiment demonstrates both the practical applicability of the proposed approach and shows the limits of the alignment evolution methods compared to the alignment conservativity under the change of ontologies.

Reclamation in southern China: The early Chu's agriculture revealed by macro-plant remains from the Wanfunao site (ca. 1000-770 BCE).

The Wanfunao site was a large Chu settlement in Zhou Dynasty. It was located on an alluvial plain along the Yangtze River in the Yichang section. The region around the site comprised mountains, hills, and plains, which was a compatible environment for the cultivation of various crops. Previous studies have suggested that the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are one of the most productive regions for rice cultivation. Besides rice, however, seven dryland crops have been found at the Wanfunao site: foxtail millet, broomcorn millet, wheat, barley, oat, buckwheat, and adzuki bean. Among them, foxtail millet and rice are most ubiquitous. The crop assemblage has revealed that the northern dryland crops, including those were newly adapted cereals such as foxtail millet, wheat, and barley, gradually dispersed southward and became a part of the diet along with rice. This can be attributed to southern Chinese inhabitants’ reclamation of the hilly environment for agriculture. Although communities in southern China had cultivated rice on the plains for thousands of years, newly introduced dryland crops from north China adapted to mountainous environments better. The development of multi-cropping systems in southern China likely involved changes in agricultural ontology associated with the adaptation of northern crops in southern environments newly encountered. Additionally, the assemblage of foxtail millet grain/rice spikelet base in the site may have been used for livestock feeding. A wide range of landforms, compatible farming, and surplus agricultural products for husbandry may have been a part of the economic foundation that facilitated the rise of Chu.

The genesis of the new science and Christianity in the light of the problem of infinity

The subject of the study is the interrelation of philosophical and theological ontologies in the context of the problem of the correlation of the finite with the infinite, which is crucial for the genesis of the new science. For the first time, the grounds are proposed for completing a one-sided approach to the study of the genesis of a new science within the framework of the history of philosophy, where the question of the influence of Christianity cannot be fully disclosed. It is established that the aporias of Zeno of Elea are the philosophical equivalent of the gospel parable about the marriage feast, and this latter is the theological equivalent of Zeno's reasoning. The methods of analysis, generalization, comparison are used in the work. It is shown that the founders of the new science solve the problem of the ratio of the finite and the infinite according to the "Zeno scheme". And in view of the equivalence of this scheme of the gospel parable about the marriage feast, the ontological changes that caused the modern crisis of the subject-object paradigm, as well as the crisis of the identity of the I-subject, are explained. The author comes to the conclusion about the ontotheological nature of the origin of the new science, in the light of which transhumanistic intentions to renew human nature find their place.

Breast Cancer Subtypes Based on Hypoxia-Related Gene Sets Identify Potential Therapeutic Agents.

Purpose: The hypoxic tumor microenvironment was reported to be involved in different tumorigenesis mechanisms of breast cancer (BC). We aimed to establish a hypoxia-related gene signature to identify a new BC subtype through the clustering analysis and explore potential compounds targeting the BC subtypes. Methods: Gene expression data and clinical features of BC and adjacent non-tumor tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas-Breast cancer (TCGA-BRCA) database. We comprehensively revealed the activity changes of Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes (BP) gene sets in BC by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and identified three hypoxia-related BC subtypes. We then matched the differentially expressed gene profile of each subtype with the gene profile in CMap database to identify the potential agents targeting the BC subtypes. Results: 562 of Gene Ontology biological processes gene sets significantly correlated with hypoxia score in breast cancer. 969 BC patients were clustered into three subtypes based on the enrichment score of hypoxia-associated gene sets. Subtype 1 patients displayed better survival than subtype 2 and 3. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of each subtype was performed based on the unique differential expression genes profile. In subtype 1, the upregulated genes were associated with lipid and amino acid metabolism regulation; in subtype 2, the upregulated genes were associated with metabolic energy regulation, while in subtype 3, the upregulated genes were associated with apoptosis and protein process. Using the CMap database, 55, 111 and 63 compounds were identified, targeting subtype 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, novel hypoxia-related subtypes were developed for patients with BC. In addition, biological processes associated with differential expression genes profile and potential therapeutic target compounds were identified in each subtype. The new classification might provide a better understanding of the role of hypoxia in breast cancer and more individualized treatment for patients.

CAN SINNERS REALLY CHANGE? UNDERSTANDING PERSONAL SALVATION IN THE BLOCK UNIVERSE

AbstractThis article brings time and theology together constructively in response to a pressing problem for the doctrine of personal salvation. The problem arises within the physics and metaphysics of time, as these support a so‐called temporal B‐theory in which time does not pass and reality is comprised of a block universe. Within this static temporal metaphysic, objective change is highly problematized. Yet salvation requires an objective change from fallenness to redemption. So, how can we understand a salvation‐transformation in the block universe? In other words, can sinners really change? I argue that on a B‐theory of time, a salvation‐transformation is best understood as a form of qualitative, phenomenological, and subjective change, rather than a robust ontological change. I conclude that the individual's transformation from fallen to saved is one of mind‐dependent becoming. So, sinners can change. But, in this lifetime, that change can only be subjective.

Visualising the effects of ontology changes and studying their understanding with ChImp

Due to the Semantic Web’s decentralised nature, ontology engineers rarely know all applications that leverage their ontology. Consequently, they are unaware of the full extent of possible consequences that changes might cause to the ontology. Our goal is to lessen the gap between ontology engineers and users by investigating ontology engineers’ understanding of ontology changes’ impact at editing time. Hence, this paper introduces the Protégé plugin ChImp which we use to reach our goal. We elicited requirements for ChImp through a questionnaire with ontology engineers. We then developed ChImp according to these requirements and it displays all changes of a given session and provides selected information on said changes and their effects. For each change, it computes a number of metrics on both the ontology and its materialisation. It displays those metrics on both the originally loaded ontology at the beginning of the editing session and the current state to help ontology engineers understand the impact of their changes.We investigated the informativeness of materialisation impact measures, the meaning of severe impact, and also the usefulness of ChImp in an online user study with 36 ontology engineers. We asked the participants to solve two ontology engineering tasks – with and without ChImp (assigned in random order) – and answer in-depth questions about the applied changes as well as the materialisation impact measures. We found that ChImp increased the participants’ understanding of change effects and that they felt better informed. Answers also suggest that the proposed measures were useful and informative. We also learned that the participants consider different outcomes of changes severe, but most would define severity based on the amount of changes to the materialisation compared to its size. The participants also acknowledged the importance of quantifying the impact of changes and that the study will affect their approach of editing ontologies.

Tau modulates mRNA transcription, alternative polyadenylation (APA) profiles of hnRNPs, chromatin remodeling and spliceosome complexes

Tau protein is a known contributor in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer ’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). It is well‐established that tau forms pathological aggregates and fibrils in these diseases. Tau has been observed within the nuclei of neurons, but there is a gap in understanding regarding the mechanism by which tau modulates transcription and RNA processing. We are interested in the P301L mutation of tau, which has been associated with FTD and increased tau aggregation. Our study utilized tau‐inducible HEK (iHEK) cells to reveal that WT and P301L tau distinctively alter the transcription and alternative polyadenylation (APA) profiles of numerous nuclear precursors mRNAs, which then translate to form proteins involved in chromatin remodeling and splicing, including several RNA‐Binding Proteins (RBPs). We isolated total mRNA before and after over‐expressing tau and then performed Poly(A)‐ClickSeq (PAC‐Seq) to characterize mRNA expression and APA profiles. We characterized changes in Gene Ontology (GO) pathways using EnrichR and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). We observed that P301L tau up‐regulates genes associated with reactive oxygen species responsiveness as well as genes involved in dendrite, microtubule, and nuclear body/speckle formation. The number of genes regulated by WT tau is greater than the mutant form, which indicates that the P301L mutation causes loss‐of‐function at the transcriptional level. WT tau up‐regulates genes contributing to cytoskeleton‐dependent intracellular transport, microglial activation, microtubule and nuclear chromatin organization, formation of nuclear bodies and speckles. Interestingly, both WT and P301L tau commonly down‐regulate genes responsible for ubiquitin‐proteasome system. In addition, WT tau significantly down‐regulates several genes implicated in chromatin remodeling and nucleosome organization. Although there are limitations inherent to the model systems used, this study will improve understanding regarding the nuclear impact of tau at the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional level. This study also illustrates the potential impact of P301L tau on the human brain genome during early phases of pathogenesis.

Incertitudes et crises épistémiques en périnatalité : Bébé Sapiens ou Bébé Demens ?

ContextIf scientific growth crises are occurring in all fields of knowledge, the field of perinatal care seems particularly exposed because of the central problem of the transmission of life between generations. The heuristic position of the baby makes it an indicator of the times. Ours is a fruitful period, open to multidisciplinary exchanges; we have an unprecedented capacity for interdisciplinary arguments for understanding the construction of the baby subject. However, there is a risk of an impoverished debate, even the extinction of this diversity, as different factions withdraw into rigid “biologizing” or “educational” positions. GoalsThis complexity requires a transversal meta-epistemological reflection on the different methods and on their implicits: their blind spots, of which we give a few examples. Consider the disruptions related to the recent surge of pseudo-organizations, pseudo-expertise, forged with great financial resources but erasing, in a way, collective progress in improving practices? What about arbitrary divisions of the newborn, which are based neither on the fine physiology of this unique moment for both mother and baby, nor on the group capacity – customary collective scansions – that the socius never fails to provide? How can we measure the presence of deregulated destructiveness in these unregulated proposals, made glaring by the major environmental crisis that we are going through? MethodWithin various scientific fields, the trend is towards an impoverishment of the diversity of approaches that forged the discipline. Observing an irrational sidelining of psychoanalysis in the field of perinatal care, the author hypothesizes a hatred of psychoanalysis: a cyclical – rather than structural – phenomenon oscillating between moments of a “hatred of the meta position” and its obverse, a “fascination with the meta position.” ResultsThe (envious) attack would come from a false perception of psychoanalysis as overbearing, a corpus convinced of its singular, supreme hold on the truth. Will the notion of the narcissism of small differences shed light on the irrationality at work? The author then argues that the “meta-logical level” is nevertheless essential to the survival of each complex thought system. An examination of the excessively rapid evolution of attempts by physical science to model our representation of mental life, from thermodynamics, cybernetics, and (more recently) quantum physics, is offered as a “panorama” from which we can observe recent qualitative leaps of unprecedented scale. FindingsThe challenge of a societal metabolization of these fractures is significant; and the efforts of the philosophy of science in search of paradigms for an interdisciplinary dialogue is commendable. It is urgent to renew our points of view and to allow for conceptual changes. The author suggests turning to comparative anthropology as a way to provoke this ontological change.

Dynamic multi-variant relational scheme-based intelligent ETL framework for healthcare management.

The growth of information technology has opened the gate for the organizations to maintain their data in various forms and at various volumes. This increases the volume and dimension of data being maintained. However, they store their data in their data servers or in cloud environment. Such data have been used to generate various intelligence to support various problems. To support such analysis process, different data have been used and the big data comes to play in this part. Optimizing techniques to help improve the process of ETL could greatly help in real-time analysis of data. ETL optimization could be achieved through several factors simplest being increasing the frequency of the process. Other ways to achieve optimization are through the use of various architectures, programming models, intelligence in transformation and security. To improve the performance of ETL, an efficient dynamic multi-variant relational intelligent ETL framework has been presented in this article. The distributed approach maintains various ontology’s and data dictionaries which have been dynamically updated by different threads of ETL process. Initially, the process is start by applying the extraction process which extracts the data from different sources and finds set of dimensions and their characteristics. Such data extracted have been verified over the data dictionary. Further, the relational score has been measured for each data source with the existing one. Similarly, the method computes the value of multi-variant relational similarity (MVRS) for the data obtained from a single source. This will be performed by different threads of ETL process. According to the value of MVRS, the method performs map reduce and merging of data. According to the value of MVRS the method selects the data node and merges the data to store in the data warehouse. The threads of ETL are capable of reading the changes in data dictionaries and ontology’s to iterate the process of transformation and loading. The method improves the performance of ETL with least time complexity and higher performance.

LncRNA Mirt1: A Critical Regulatory Factor in Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Exaggerated Post-MI Cardiac Remodeling.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is the main feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and is known to exaggerate cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). However, the specific contribution of CIH to overall OSA-induced pathological complications and the transcriptomic mechanisms underlying CIH-exaggerated post-MI remodeling remains unclear. In this study, we used RNA-sequencing to construct the expression profiles of cardiac mRNAs, microRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in four groups of C57BL/6J mice (Sham, CIH, MI, MI + CIH) to evaluate how CIH regulates cardiac remodeling after MI. Compared with the other three groups, the MI + CIH group exhibited 345 lncRNAs, 35 microRNAs, and 5,220 differentially expressed mRNAs. Further analysis showed that CIH led to significant changes in Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway of the differentially expressed mRNAs. Co-expression network analysis identified two core lncRNAs (Mirt1 and AC125351.1) and two core microRNAs (miR-466i-5p and miR-574-5p) during the development of CIH-exaggerated post-MI remodeling, and they were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). LncRNA-mRNA correlation analysis further showed that lncRNA Mirt1 was positively correlated with Apbb1ip and Lcp2. In addition, microRNA-mRNA correlation analysis showed that microRNA miR-466i-5p was positively correlated with Snai2, Cdc27, and Ngfr. Furthermore, combining with lncRNA-mRNA and miRNA-mRNA networks, 44 RNAs were identified in the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Mirt1 acts as a ceRNA to bind to miR-466i-5p to further regulate the expression levels of the target gene, thereby aggravating cardiac remodeling after MI. In conclusion, our study provides a systematic perspective on the potential functions of mRNAs, microRNAs, and lncRNAs in CIH-exaggerated post-MI cardiac remodeling. Our data suggest that lncRNA Mirt1 may be the most critical regulator of MI aggravated by CIH.

Dialectics of Objectivity of the Ontology of Society in Epistemology

The primary purpose and objective of the study are to identify significant changes in social ontology under the influence of the digitalization process. A critical analysis shows that the categories of society’s ontology have been studied in economic theory, political science, historical sciences, and applied sociology. However, they ignore the philosophical content of the ontological categories of society, which actualizes the study of the dynamics of the ontology of society from the position of metaphysics, i. e., philosophical ontology. The study’s authors used a comparative analysis, theoretical synthesis, the hermeneutic method, and the principles of dialectical logic as the historical concreteness. As a result of the study, starting from the concepts of E. Pickering, L. Duston, P. Galison, M. DeLanda, Ilyenkov, and other authors, significant changes in the concept of objectivity of the ontology of society were revealed.

Онтологические горизонты этического, или Насколько глубок кризис современной этики

The article analyzes the anomalies observed in various spheres of modern culture, which are interpreted as “ethical failures” and the rejection of the fundamental principles of Western ethics: the principle of justice, fidelity to a given word, stri­ving for the common good, etc. Taking into account the totality of these failures in the sense of “horizontal” and “vertical” prevalence, it is suggested that there are deep ontological changes that entail transformations in the field of ethics. This the­sis is substantiated by an analysis of the structure of an ethical act, which allows us to single out levels of “public” and “ontological” expertise in it, and to see in the ethical act itself a way of establishing “transcendent” (unobservable, absent in the empirical dimension) objects and layers of social reality. Ethics in this case is (by itself) a sphere of ontological creation, a way of establishing legitimate con­figurations, boundaries and goals of social action, including the social identity and subjectivity of individuals. The need to preserve one’s own self and the ability to act meaningfully is considered in the article as the ultimate basis of human social activity and a source of “ethical energy”, which, without external coercion, deter­mines a person to ethical action. Existential involvement in ontological and ethical action determines a close connection between ethics and metaphysics, which is traced in the article on the basis of the most important philosophical concepts and ethnographic material. It is concluded that the cultural transformations analyzed in the article are associated with the use of constructivist impact on the ontological intuitions of Western culture, which, however, do not affect its metaphysical core, and thus only threaten the peripheral layers of Western ontology.

Blockchain-Based Transaction Manager for Ontology Databases

Knowledge graphs are commonly represented by ontology-based databases. Tracking the provenance of ontological changes and ensuring ontology consistency is important. In this work, we propose a transaction manager for ontology-based database manipulation that combines blockchain and Semantic Web technologies. The latter is used for the efficient querying and modification of data, whereas the blockchain is used for the secure storage and tracking of changes. The blockchain enables a decentralized setup and data restoration. We evaluate our solution by measuring cost and time. Our solution introduces some overhead for updates whereas querying works at the same speed as the underlying ontology database.

ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ В УСЛОВИЯХ ПОСТИНДУСТРИАЛИЗМА

The relevance and demand for the topic under consideration is due to market processes that draw the education system into a complex cycle of economic relations. The article notes that traditional educational practices do not allow identifying ontological changes that influence the education system. The article emphasizes the idea that the “commodification” of knowledge, the transformation of science and education into the economic segment of society take on the features of the modern educational trend, which significantly modifies all areas of spiritual activity. In such conditions, there are risks associated with the emasculation of the true nature of the institution of education, the purpose of which is the formation of a high culture and humanity. The author considers the negative consequences of the transformation of education into a system of sale and purchase, and knowledge into a commodified product.

МЕССИАНИЗМ В ТЕКСТАХ ВАЛЬТЕРА БЕНЬЯМИНА И ЖАКА ДЕРРИДА

Secular messianism, placed in the center of the article’s topic, isn’t a consistent religious or philosophical tradition. However, though it doesn’t have a consistent philosophical genealogy, and tears ties with religious tradition, “weak” messianism could be considered as a unite discourse, which unites authors of heterogenous philosophical and religious traditions. At the core of the messianic discourse, placed in the article’s focus, lies the critic of a positive exclusivist cult as a system of power, and construction of a negative cult on a basis of a critical discourse. In the article with the help of conceptual apparatus, developed by Michele Foucault, Judith Butler, Giorgio Agamben, and Bruno Latour’s version ANT’s elements, Walter Benjamin’s “messianic” texts and Jacques Derrida later texts, in which he turns to “messianic” problematic, are discussed. As a result of the deconstruction of a subject– oriented metaphysics, against which stands “weak” messianism’s discourse, modern linear temporality of an assymmetric ontology changes into messianic time of an onto–epistemologically symmetric hauntology (hontologie). In hauntology there is no room for economy of violence, based on the practice of exclusion and systemic production of violence upon those who are excluded.

A Context-Specific Modularization for Ontology Change Management

Knowledge engineering has a vital role in advancing the semantic web, in which ontologies play a key role in data interoperability and integration. One of the key issues in ontology engineering is how to handle the subsequent updates in the ontologies. A number of concerns need to be considered while working on the ontology change, such as, tracking ontology versions and heterogeneity issues. Ontology change management has been partially addressed by different researchers in overlapping research areas. However, a concrete description of the problem and its related concerns are still not available in the literature. Our work aims to present an overview of ontology change management and its concerns. We point up the need for modularization in ontology change management based on its advantages in the context of ontology reuse from different contextual viewpoints. For this purpose, we propose a protege plugin for reusing OWL modules, and allowing a safe/clean manual integration and reuse of different ontology modules.

The dialogue of the viewer and cinema: hermeneutical understanding

The article deals with the dialogue of the viewer and the cinema, in which the cognition of the surrounding world, the social and ontological changes taking place in it, the persons appeal to himself is carried out. The purpose of the study is to identify the basic principles of this process, its current trends in modern society. The dialogue is analyzed through such categories as understanding, interpretation, and meaning. The study notes two spaces for the implementation of dialogue: society, spectator and cinema, identified their common characteristics. The hermeneutic approach was chosen as a methodology. The author concludes that the modern dialogue between the viewer and the cinema finds its expression through a remake, which is a combination of the actual social, value attitudes of society at a given time and previously formulated life guidelines, creates a contrast on the movie screen, which is considered to be a challenge to a person himself yourself and his spiritual world.

Ontology Versioning Driven by Instance Evolution in the τOWL Framework

Like other components of Semantic Web-based applications, ontologies are evolving over time to reflect changes in the real world. Several of these applications require keeping a full-fledged history of ontology changes so that both ontology instance versions and their corresponding ontology schema versions are maintained. Updates to an ontology instance could be non-conservative that is leading to a new ontology instance version no longer conforming to the current ontology schema version. If, for some reasons, a non-conservative update has to be executed, in spite of its consequence, it requires the production of a new ontology schema version to which the new ontology instance version is conformant so that the new ontology version produced by the update is globally consistent. In this paper, we first propose an approach that supports ontology schema changes which are triggered by non-conservative updates to ontology instances and, thus, gives rise to an ontology schema versioning driven by instance updates. Note that in an engineering perspective, such an approach can be used as an incremental ontology construction method driven by the modification of instance data, whose exact structure may not be completely known at the initial design time. After that, we apply our proposal to the already established [Formula: see text]OWL (Temporal OWL 2) framework, which allows defining and evolving temporal OWL 2 ontologies in an environment that supports temporal versioning of both ontology instances and ontology schemas, by extending it to also support the management of non-conservative updates to ontology instance versions. Last, we show the feasibility of our approach by dealing with its implementation within a new release of the [Formula: see text] OWL-Manager tool.