Online Reference Research Articles

A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ONE LUNG VENTILATION DURING THORACIC SURGERY COMPARING THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF LOW AND HIGH TIDAL VOLUME

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications are common and highly morbid, particularly in thoracic surgery patients. Previous reports have demonstrated that protective ventilation can improve postoperative pulmonary function and reduce the incidence of complications, but the precise definition of protective ventilation remains elusive. The aim: The aim of this study to show about one lung ventilation during thoracic surgery comparing the safety and efficacy of low and high tidal volume. Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Sciencedirect were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: Eight publications were found to be directly related to our ongoing systematic examination after a rigorous three-level screening approach. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the complete text was conducted, and additional scrutiny was given to these articles. Conclusion: Low tidal volumes (defined as less than 10 mL/kg) decreases pneumonia and the need for postoperative ventilatory support (invasive and non‐invasive).

THE ANALYSIS STUDY OF SAFETY AND LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS IN TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are often the first-line therapy for autoimmune diseases including many neurological conditions. Their use is commonly associated with complications and comorbidities. These include both immediate and long-term complications that are often related to the dose and cumulative dose of GCs. The aim: The aim of this study to show about safety and long term effects of glucocorticoids in treatment of inflammatory rheumatic disease. Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Sciencedirect were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: Eight publications were found to be directly related to our ongoing systematic examination after a rigorous three-level screening approach. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the complete text was conducted, and additional scrutiny was given to these articles. Conclusion: Glucocorticoids are effective drugs for many rheumatic diseases. However, there are serious adverse effects that can ensue. These are often dose related and related to the duration of therapy. Several of the complications occur in patients already at risk for these adverse events. The adverse effects, such as weight gain, osteoporosis, fracture, osteonecrosis, infections, ocular complications, cardiovascular effects, hyperglycemia, etc.

Are paediatric cardiology textbooks obsolete in the current digital era?

With the rise of online references, podcasts, webinars, self-test tools, and social media, it is worthwhile to understand whether textbooks continue to provide value in medical education, and to assess the capacity they serve during fellowship training. A prospective mixed-methods study based on surveys that were disseminated to seven paediatric cardiology fellowship programmes around the world. Participants were asked to read an assigned chapter of Anderson's Pediatric Cardiology 4th Edition textbook, followed by the completion of the survey. Open-ended questions included theming and grouping responses as appropriate. The survey was completed by 36 participants. When asked about the content, organisation, and utility of the chapter, responses were generally positive, at greater than 89%. The chapters, overall, were rated relatively easy to read, scoring at 6.91, with standard deviations plus or minus 1.72, on a scale from 1 to 10, with higher values meaning better results. When asked to rank their preferences in where they obtain educational content, textbooks were ranked the second highest, with in-person teaching ranking first. Several themes were identified including the limitations of the use of textbook use, their value, and ways to enhance learning from their reading. There was also a near-unanimous desire for more time to self-learn and read during fellowship. Textbooks are still highly valued by trainees. Many opportunities exist, nonetheless, to improve how they can be organised to deliver information optimally. Future efforts should look towards making them more accessible, and to include more resources for asynchronous learning.

Lived Experience Co-Production Within the Alleviate Pain Data Hub

ObjectiveTo build an effective Pain data hub that benefits the public, people with chronic pain, and researchers. Alleviate is the Advanced Pain Discovery Platform (APDP) Data Hub. The aim is to make pain data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) while raising awareness of chronic pain to improve the lives of people living with pain. ApproachAlleviate has two lived experience leads plus an Advisory Group (AG) of people with lived experience (PWLE) of chronic pain representing an online reference group of ~400 people. The leads have been involved throughout the project since inception and design, and chair regular project meetings to ensure all voices are heard equally. They lead the development of engagement materials, highlighting the importance of pain research to those with lived experience. This co-production ensures the project to stay focussed on what matters to those living with chronic pain. ResultsAlleviate has developed an inclusive environment for PWLE to be actively involved in decision-making and progression of the project. Together we have co-produced videos, static informational material, social media content and developed a new collaboration with an international pain charity to run a UK-wide pain survey. ConclusionsThis co-production model has allowed us to generate impactful outputs and opportunities, raising awareness of Alleviate and pain research. ImplicationsProviding an inclusive space in the heart of an academic project for PWLE has given additional focus for researchers and provided ownership to the public in activities that directly affect them.

Use of intra-operative fluorescence imaging in periprosthetic joint infection: State of the art and future perspectives.

In periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs), the surgeon's role becomes pivotal in addressing the infection locally, necessitating the surgical removal of infected and necrotic tissue. Opportunity to enhance the visualization of infected tissue during surgery could represent a game-changing innovation. The aim of this narrative review is to delineate the application of intraoperative fluorescence imaging for targeting infected tissues in PJIs. A systematic review, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, was carried out. The search included multiple online database; MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science. For data extraction the following were evaluated: (i) diagnosis of musculoskeletal infection; (ii) use of intraoperative fluorescence imaging; (iii) infected or necrotic tissues as target. Initially, 116 studies were identified through online database searches and reference investigations. The search was narrowed down to a final list of 5 papers for in-depth analysis at the full-text level. Subsequently, 2 studies were included in the review. The study included a total of 13 patients, focusing on cases of fracture-related infections of the lower limbs. The primary and crucial role for orthopedic surgeons in PJIs is the surgical debridement and precise removal of necrotic and infected tissue. Technologies that enable clear and accurate visualization of the tissue to be removed can enhance the eradication of infections, thereby promoting healing. A promising avenue for the future involves the potential application of intraoperative fluorescence imaging in pursuit of this objective.

Online state of charge estimation of LiFePO4 battery based on EKF-AUKF algorithm with reference compensation for estimation results

The state of charge(SOC) is an important index in Battery Management System(BMS) for smart grids and electric vehicles, whose accuracy is affected by model and sensor errors. In this paper, an online SOC estimation method based on EKF-AUKF algorithm with reference compensation for estimation results is proposed. Firstly, a joint estimation method based on extended Kalman filter(EKF) and adaptive unscented Kalman filter(AUKF) algorithm is adopted to estimate SOC under Beijing bus dynamic stress test(BBDST) condition. The result shows that the estimation error is within 2 %. Secondly, the characteristics of EKF-AUKF algorithm under voltage and current sampling errors are analyzed over the whole SOC range. The results indicate that voltage measurement error increases SOC estimation error. Then, an online reference is built by calculating the sum of the estimation result of ampere-hour counting(AHC) method and constant deviation, and then the difference between the estimation result of EKF-AUKF algorithm and online reference can be obtained. The absolute value of the difference is used to compare with limit deviation value and compensate the SOC of EKF-AUKF method by different compensation coefficients. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified under different operating conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the SOC estimation accuracy under large voltage error.

Challenges and opportunities in teaching and learning in AskALibrarian chat: differences across subject domains

PurposeThis analysis of chat reference transcripts assesses differences in how librarians and graduate assistants (GAs) incorporate teaching strategies in responding to chat reference inquiries in social sciences, health sciences, humanities, STEM and business/economics at a large, public R1 university in the United States.Design/methodology/approachResearchers with disciplinary assignments in five different subject domains conducted qualitative analysis of a purposive sample of 982 transcripts of chat interactions during four semesters in 2021 and 2022.FindingsSome form of information literacy instruction (ILI) occurred in 58% of the transcripts, with slightly less teaching occurring in social sciences inquiries than in other subject areas. Of transcripts that included teaching strategies, search procedures predominated, followed by a mix of concepts and procedures, and the least with concepts only. Chat providers taught concepts specific to social sciences, health sciences and humanities, but not to STEM or business.Research limitations/implicationsThe study compares transcripts at one institution; findings may be most applicable to large, research institutions that seek to incorporate ILI in online reference services.Practical implicationsChat reference training should include best practices for ILI relevant to specific subject domains for providers without background in those disciplines and recommendations for referrals to subject specialists.Originality/valueExisting ILI literature does not address the question of how chat providers teach concepts rooted in a specific subject domain or offer a comparison of teaching strategies employed in different disciplines, by librarians versus GAs or staff.

An online decoupling-whitening frequency domain filtered-error least mean square algorithm for active road noise control.

Active road noise control (ARNC) systems have been widely investigated for low-frequency road noise attenuation in vehicle cabins. Multiple reference and error sensors are usually required to ensure noticeable noise reduction. However, this tends to slow down the convergence speed of adaptive algorithms due to the coupling of secondary paths and the cross correlation of reference signals. Furthermore, the high computational burden of normally utilized multichannel control algorithms exacerbates the difficulty of practical implementations. In this paper, an online decoupling-whitening frequency domain filtered-error least mean square (ODW-FDFeLMS) algorithm is proposed to address the aforementioned problems. Secondary path decoupling through inner-outer product decomposition and online reference whitening through spectral factorization effectively accelerate the convergence rate. Additionally, the utilization of the filtered-error algorithm based on frequency domain processing mitigates the computational complexity. Simulations with measured road noise data confirm the superiority of the ODW-FDFeLMS algorithm over existing algorithms in terms of convergence speed and computational complexity. Real-time experiments in a vehicle cabin further confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

The Analysis Study of Effectiveness and Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Early Identification of Chronic Kidney Disease : A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health and economic burden and a raising cause of global deaths. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to evaluate renal oxygenation and fibrosis. The aim of this study to show about effectiveness and diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for early identification of chronic kidney disease. Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Sciencedirect were used to do this. Result: Eight publications were found to be directly related to our ongoing systematic examination after a rigorous three-level screening approach. Conclusion: MRI biomarkers may be able to pick up early signs of disease progression that have not yet led to a discernible effect on markers in blood and urine. MRI is the only technique able to study the renal medulla in vivo, an area that may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CKD and AKI.

Impact of an online reference system on the diagnosis of rare or atypical abdominal tumors and lesions

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate whether an online reference system (ORS, STATdx Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands) impacts finding the histologically confirmed diagnosis of rare or atypical abdominal tumors and lesions in radiologic imaging. In total, 101 patients with rare tumor entities or lesions and atypical manifestations of common tumors were enrolled retrospectively. Blinded readings were performed by four radiologists with varying levels of experience, who reported on: (a) correct diagnosis (CD), (b) time needed to find the diagnosis, and (c) diagnostic confidence, initially without followed by the assistance of the ORS. The experienced reader (3 years of experience post-residency, CD 49.5%), as well as the advanced reader with 1 year of experience post-residency (CD 43.6%), and a resident with 5 years of experience (CD 46.5%) made the correct diagnosis more frequently compared to the less experienced reader (CD 25.7%). A significant improvement in making the correct diagnosis was only achieved by the advanced reader, the resident with 5 years of experience (CD with ORS 58.4%; p < 0.001). The advanced reader with 1 year of experience post-residency improved slightly (CD ORS 47.5%). The experienced reader (CD ORS 50.5%) and the less experienced reader (CD ORS 27.7%) did not improve significantly. The overall subjective confidence increased significantly when ORS was used (3.2 ± 0.9 vs. 3.8 ± 0.9; p < 0.001). While the ORS had a positive impact on making the correct diagnosis throughout all readers, it favored radiologists with more clinical experience rather than inexperienced residents. Moreover, the ORS increased the diagnostic confidence of all radiologists significantly. In conclusion, the ORS had no significant impact on the diagnosis of rare or atypical abdominal tumors and lesions except for one reader. The greatest benefit is the increase in diagnostic confidence.

PREVALENCE, SURGICAL MANAGEMENT, AND OUTCOME OF PERFORATION OF THE GASTER ASSOCIATED WITH LONG TERM CORTICOSTEROID USE : A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: In the general population, gastroduodenal perforation can occur as a complication of pre-existing peptic ulcer disease (PUD). In this scenario, the morbidity and mortality are already well documented. The lifetime risk of perforation is approximately 2–10 in cases of untreated PUD, and despite an improvement in resuscitation, and intensive and surgical care, the mortality rate remains around 25. The aim: The aim of this study to show about prevalence, surgical management, and outcome of perforation of the gaster associated with long term corticosteroid use. Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Google Scholar were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search get 28 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub get 9 articles, on Google Scholar 1680 articles. Records remove before screening are 759, so we get 958 articles fos screening. After we screened based on record exclude, we compiled a total of 10 papers. We included five research that met the criteria. Conclusion: The location of ulcers within the stomach affects the surgical procedure. They may appear with a smaller sac abscess, commonly linked with peritonitis or retroperitoneal abscess. Gastric perforation is a serious and fatal disorder, especially in those who are underweight. Early diagnosis, basic care, primary management, stabilization, nutrient diet, and surgical exploration are all part of initial management.

THE ANALYSIS STUDY OF EFFECTIVENESS OF VITAMIN D SUPPLEMENTATION IN ATOPIC DERMATITIS: A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Atopic dermatitis is a prevalent skin condition with a 10 lifetime prevalence, affecting 15-20 of children and 1-3 of adults globally. Atopic dermatitis is often multimorbid and more prone to allergic disorders. Vitamin D (VD) deficiency has been linked to an increase in allergy disorders and atopic dermatitis worldwide, suggesting that VD supplementation may play a role in the improvement of atopic dermatitis. The aim: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in atopic dermatitis. Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SAGEPUB, and ScienceDirect, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Results: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 60 articles, whereas the results of our search on SAGEPUB brought up 2017 articles, and our search on ScienceDirect brought up 2023 articles. In the end, we compiled 6 papers, 4 of which came from PubMed, one of which came from ScienceDirect, and one of which came from SagePub. We included six research that met the criteria. Conclusion: In conclusion, administration of vitamin D supplement can improve atopic dermatitis. It is more advisable to give it for 3 months.

Identification of Southeast Asian Anopheles mosquito species using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Malaria elimination in Southeast Asia remains a challenge, underscoring the importance of accurately identifying malaria mosquitoes to understand transmission dynamics and improve vector control. Traditional methods such as morphological identification require extensive training and cannot distinguish between sibling species, while molecular approaches are costly for extensive screening. Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a rapid and cost-effective tool for Anopheles species identification, yet its current use is limited to few specialized laboratories. This study aimed to develop and validate an online reference database for MALDI-TOF MS identification of Southeast Asian Anopheles species. The database, constructed using the in-house data analysis pipeline MSI2 (Sorbonne University), comprised 2046 head mass spectra from 209 specimens collected at the Thailand-Myanmar border. Molecular identification via COI and ITS2 DNA barcodes enabled the identification of 20 sensu stricto species and 5 sibling species complexes. The high quality of the mass spectra was demonstrated by a MSI2 median score (min-max) of 61.62 (15.94-77.55) for correct answers, using the best result of four technical replicates of a test panel. Applying an identification threshold of 45, 93.9% (201/214) of the specimens were identified, with 98.5% (198/201) consistency with the molecular taxonomic assignment. In conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS holds promise for malaria mosquito identification and can be scaled up for entomological surveillance in Southeast Asia. The free online sharing of our database on the MSI2 platform (https://msi.happy-dev.fr/) represents an important step towards the broader use of MALDI-TOF MS in malaria vector surveillance.

PREVALENCE AND MANAGEMENT OF MALNUTRITION IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE : A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Congenital heart disease is a congenital abnormality that affects the structure of the heart walls and vessels. Malnutrition has a significant impact on the likelihood of infection in children with congenital heart disease, which leads to poor treatment outcomes. The aim: The aim of this study to show about prevalence and management of malnutrition in children with congenital heart disease. Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Sciencedirect were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: Five publications were found to be directly related to our ongoing systematic examination after a rigorous three-level screening approach. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the complete text was conducted, and additional scrutiny was given to these articles. Conclusion: Nutrition is crucial in the treatment of chronic illness. It’s one of the most important factors affecting patients’ recovery after surgery and lowering the risk of infection in children with congenital heart disease.

Kurikulum Merdeka dalam Pembentukan Karakter Siswa

Education is the most important part of human life and each must have it because for the survival of every human being or every individual who will come. In today's Indonesia adheres to the curriculum of independent learning where learners have the breadth of determining the achievements undertaken. Likewise, in the problems that are taken, namely the independent curriculum in the formation of student character, that is, for students to be positive, have good morals and control emotions and of course show the attitude of pancasila profile. In this study, data collection techniques are carried out with online references, articles or journals, books and use the data as a source and Conjunction of qualitative research in the form of descriptive data with various types of literature studies research sourced from library research ( library research). And the purpose of the independent curriculum in the formation of character is that students have the character to improve the skills and confidence of students to achieve success, in a creative and innovative pattern by giving students the opportunity to cultivate students in learning and thinking and the last is to develop a religious character includes strong cultural and moral values as a provision to face challenges in competition in the future..

The Implementation of Social Studies Learning in the Independent Learning Curriculum at SMP Negeri 2 Pontianak

The research was conducted to understand the implementation of Social Studies (IPS) teaching in the Independent Learning curriculum at SMP Negeri 2 Pontianak. This research used a qualitative method, with data collection techniques involving field observations, interviews (with IPS subject teachers, curriculum vice principals, and students), and documentation. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research indicate that: (1) The implementation of IPS teaching in the Independent Learning curriculum at SMP Negeri 2 Pontianak involves the use of teaching modules in the IPS learning process. The designed teaching modules are tailored to the components of the teaching modules, meeting the needs of the students. Various teaching methods are used, including group discussions in the form of mind mapping and practical activities. (2) Challenges in implementing IPS teaching in the Independent Learning curriculum at SMP Negeri 2 Pontianak include the unattractive content of the platform, a lack of guidance for developing teaching modules, limited time for preparing various teaching methods, and a shortage of reading materials. (3) Efforts made to address the challenges of implementing IPS teaching in the Independent Learning curriculum at SMP Negeri 2 Pontianak include searching for online references related to teaching modules, creating a timeline for developing various teaching methods, and searching for reading materials on the internet related to the Independent Learning curriculum, as well as participating in Independent Learning curriculum training.

LAPARASCOPIC VERSUS OPEN MESH REPAIR FOR RECURRENT INGUINAL HERNIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common conditions seen in clinic, and is often treated through the general surgery department. Laparoscopic repair and open repair with mesh are the typical treatments for inguinal hernia, and both regimens have proved beneficial in treating inguinal hernia. However, recurrence, with a rate as high as 33, poses a significant problem to the effective treatment of inguinal hernia. The aim: This study aims to show about laparascopic versus open mesh repair for recurrent inguinal hernia. Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2013 and 2023 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SagePub, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 10 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub brought up 60 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2013 yielded a total 2 articles for PubMed and 14 articles for SagePub. The result from title screening, a total 1 articles for PubMed and 10 articles for SagePub. In the end, we compiled a total of 7 papers. We included five research that met the criteria. Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach is superior to the open mesh approach for the repair of recurrent inguinal hernia in some aspects, including the incision infection rate and length of hospital stay. However, more high-quality studies on the effects of laparoscopic and open mesh repair for the treatment of recurrent inguinal hernia are warranted.

PREVALENCE, MANAGEMENT, AND OUTCOME OF BELLS PALSY : A COMPREHENSIVE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Bell’s palsy, also called idiopathic facial paralysis, is defined as an acute-onset, isolated, unilateral, lower motor neurone facial weakness. The reported annual incidence varies in different parts of the world with estimates varying between 11 and 40 per 100 000 people. The aim: The aim of this study to show about prevalence, management, and outcome of bell’s palsy. Methods: By the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. This search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed, SagePub, and Sciencedirect were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: Eight publications were found to be directly related to our ongoing systematic examination after a rigorous three-level screening approach. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis of the complete text was conducted, and additional scrutiny was given to these articles. Conclusion: Bell's palsy is a common but still controversial disease, with unknown etiology until now. Modern literature showed that up to 80 percent of the patients will recover without treatment.

Information Exposure to National Strategic Projects of Toll Road in Central Java

Abstract This paper takes part in the research on the response of affected farmers to National Strategic Projects. This article reviews the information exposure. The present study aims to examine how farmers assess the frequency of exposure, the credibility of information sources, and the strength of reference groups in constructing the Solo-Yogyakarta toll road in Klaten Regency. The results showed the frequency of information from the government and the largest share of farmers rated as “sometimes”. Meanwhile, the frequency of information from offline (neighbors) and online (media) sources were both considered “never”. Meanwhile, in terms of the credibility (trust and expertise) of information sources, the majority of affected farmers admitted their trust in the government. In terms of the trustworthiness of offline and online reference groups, most farmers doubted the information provided by the offline reference groups and did not trust the information from the online reference groups. Smallholder farmers considered the frequency of information exposure on the land use conversion policy for toll road construction from the government required improvement. However, when compared to the information from neighbors and media, the affected farmers admitted their trust in the official information from the government.

Evaluating a novel high-density EEG sensor net structure for improving inclusivity in infants with curly or tightly coiled hair

Electroencephalography (EEG) is an important tool in the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience for indexing neural activity. However, racial biases persist in EEG research that limit the utility of this tool. One bias comes from the structure of EEG nets/caps that do not facilitate equitable data collection across hair textures and types. Recent efforts have improved EEG net/cap design, but these solutions can be time-intensive, reduce sensor density, and are more difficult to implement in younger populations. The present study focused on testing EEG sensor net designs over infancy. Specifically, we compared EEG data quality and retention between two high-density saline-based EEG sensor net designs from the same company (Magstim EGI, Whitland, UK) within the same infants during a baseline EEG paradigm. We found that within infants, the tall sensor nets resulted in lower impedances during collection, including lower impedances in the key online reference electrode for those with greater hair heights and resulted in a greater number of usable EEG channels and data segments retained during pre-processing. These results suggest that along with other best practices, the modified tall sensor net design is useful for improving data quality and retention in infant participants with curly or tightly-coiled hair.