Big data is the basic material for forming a scientific decision-making system. The application of "data decision-making" in the actual scientific research management process can avoid duplication of work and decision-making deviation in the process of title review, data archiving, and project establishment, etc., and can effectively improve decision-making efficiency. Scientificity and fairness have invisible effects on creating a benign scientific research ecology and academic environment. In the context of big data application, a knowledge rule base will be formed based on data decision-making, review of the content of section declarations, members, etc., to promote the construction of an online evaluation system, improve the decision-making and application capabilities of data collaborative management of various departments, strengthen the early warning function of funding execution, and strengthen scientific research. The sharing and supervision of achievement information is an effective way for scientific research management and risk prevention and control.