One-dimensional Nanostructures Research Articles

Magnetite-Incorporated 1D Carbon Nanostructure Hybrids for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

The increasing reliance on electronic technologies has elevated the urgency of effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. This review explores the development and potential of magnetite-incorporated one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanostructure hybrids, focusing on their unique properties and synthesis methods. By combining magnetite’s magnetic properties with the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength of carbon nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers (CFs), these hybrids offer superior EMI shielding performance. Various synthesis techniques, including solvothermal synthesis, in situ growth, and electrostatic self-assembly, are discussed in detail, highlighting their impact on the structure and properties of the resulting composites. This review also addresses the challenges in achieving homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers and the environmental and economic considerations of large-scale production. The hybrid materials’ multifunctionality, including enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and environmental resistance, underscores their suitability for advanced applications in aerospace, electronics, and environmental protection. Future research directions focus on optimizing synthesis processes and exploring new hybrid configurations to further improve electromagnetic properties and practical applicability.

Precise synthesis of In–Bi alloy nanodroplets through controlled surface reactions on a Si(111) surface at ambient temperature

The synthesis of alloy nanocatalysts with controllable sizes and shapes is a critical prerequisite for vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth of one-dimensional nanostructures. In this work, we comprehensively examined surface reactions between evaporated In atoms and a Bi thin film on a Si(111) surface at ambient temperature. InBi2 liquid nanodroplets nucleate and grow during initial vapor–solid (VS) reaction between the In vapor and surface Bi atoms, and the reaction proceeds until a saturation point is reached, following which InBi2 begins to catalyze subsequent VLS growth of various nanocrystals under persistent In-beam flux. The scaled size distribution of individual InBi2 nanodroplets could be explained adequately using the classical capillary nucleation theory, which suggests that the simultaneous homogeneous nucleation of InBi2 nanodroplets occurs during the vapor–solid (VS) reaction of In and Bi.

Dependence of Growth Parameters of Atomic Chains on Changes in the Substrate Temperature

The growth and evolution of one-dimensional nanostructures on metal stepped surfaces were studied using the kinetic Monte Carlo method. The distribution of nanochain lengths was shown to change differently when the substrate was heated and cooled. Regularities are described that connect the nature of changes in the length distribution and the relative values of diffusion barriers for adatoms on the surface, which will make it possible to predict the length distribution of the resulting one-dimensional nanostructures.

Quantum phase transitions in one-dimensional nanostructures: a comparison between DFT and DMRG methodologies.

In the realm of quantum chemistry, the accurate prediction of electronic structure and properties of nanostructures remains a formidable challenge. Density functional theory (DFT) and density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) have emerged as two powerful computational methods for addressing electronic correlation effects in diverse molecular systems. We compare ground-state energies ( ), density profiles ( ), and average entanglement entropies ( ) in metals, insulators and at the transition from metal to insulator, in homogeneous, superlattices, and harmonically confined chains described by the fermionic one-dimensional Hubbard model. While for the homogeneous systems, there is a clear hierarchy between the deviations, , and all the deviations decrease with the chain size; for superlattices and harmonic confinement, the relation among the deviations is less trivial and strongly dependent on the superlattice structure and the confinement strength considered. For the superlattices, in general, increasing the number of impurities in the unit cell represents lower precision in the DFT calculations. For the confined chains, DFT performs better for metallic phases, while the highest deviations appear for the Mott and band-insulator phases. This work provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of these methodologies, shedding light on their respective strengths, limitations, and applications. The DFT calculations were performed using the standard Kohn-Sham scheme within the BALDA approach. It integrated the numerical Bethe-Ansatz (BA) solution of the Hubbard model as the homogeneous density functional within a local-density approximation (LDA) for the exchange-correlation energy. The DMRG algorithms were implemented using the ITensor library, which is based on the matrix product states (MPS) ansatz. The calculations were performed until the energy reaches convergence of at least .

Controllable synthesis of one-dimensional silicon nanostructures based on the dual effects of electro-deoxidation and the Kirkendall effect

Controllable synthesis of one-dimensional silicon nanostructures based on the dual effects of electro-deoxidation and the Kirkendall effect

1D p-type molecular-based coordination polymer semiconductor with ultrahigh mobility

One-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanostructures exhibit exceptional performance in mitigating short-channel effects and ensuring low power consumption. However, the scarcity of high-mobility p-type 1D materials impedes further advancement. Molecular-based materials offer high designability in structure and properties, making them a promising candidate for 1D p-type semiconductor materials. A molecular-based 1D p-type material was developed under the guidance of coordination chemistry. Cu–HT (HT is the abbreviation of p-hydroxy thiophenol) combines the merits of highly orbital overlap between Cu and S, fully covered surface modification with phenol functional groups, and unique cuprophilic (Cu–Cu) interactions. As such, Cu–HT has a remarkable hole mobility of 27.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is one of the highest reported values for 1D molecular-based materials to date and even surpass those of commonly used amorphous silicon as well as the majority of 1D inorganic materials. This achievement underscores the significant potential of coordination polymers in optimizing carrier transport and represents a major advancement in the synthesis of high-performance, 1D p-type semiconductor materials.

Hexagonal Bipyramidal Mn3Ge5 Cluster and Its One-Dimensional Ferrimagnetic Sandwich Nanowire: Mn3Ge3 Rings as Structural Motifs.

Bipyramidal structures featuring planar rings serve as potential building blocks for one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures. Pure Ge atoms typically prefer to form three-dimensional rather than planar structures. Although a few-metal-doped bipyramids with pure Ge planar rings are predicted for constructing Ge-based 1D nanostructures, there is limited knowledge about those with both Ge and doped atoms on the same planar rings. Here, we report a hexagonal bipyramidal Mn3Ge5 cluster containing a Mn3Ge3 six-membered ring with the potential to construct a 1D germanium-based nanostructure. We investigated the structures and properties of Mn3Ge5-/0 using anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Mn3Ge5- has a C3v symmetric distorted hexagonal bipyramidal structure, while Mn3Ge5 has a C2v symmetric hexagonal bipyramidal structure. Chemical bonding analyses show that Mn3Ge5- could be considered as a [Mn3]V[Ge5]6- complex. First-principles calculations indicate that Mn3Ge5 may be used to construct a 1D ferrimagnetic [Mn3Ge5]∞ nanostructure.

Design of highly efficient 0D/1D TiO2 photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells by simple TiCl4 pre-treatment of titanate nanotubes

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) represent a promising avenue for sustainable energy conversion, with the efficiency of these devices heavily reliant on the performance of the TiO2 photoanode. Despite significant advancements, optimizing the photoanode material for higher efficiency remains a challenge. This study introduces a novel approach to constructing a highly efficient, multifunctional 0D/1D TiO2 composite by simply pre-treating the TiO2 precursor, specifically one-dimensional (1D) H-titanate nanotubes, with TiCl4. The TiCl4 treatment not only encourages the extensive synthesis of the one-dimensional nanostructures (i.e., nanorods) but also facilitates the in situ hydrolysis to generate small crystals that attach to the surface of the nanorods. The TiO2 composite offers several essential benefits, including the expanded thickness, high surface area for superior dye adsorption, efficient diffuse light scattering induced by the aggregate structures, and fast charge transport within the film matrix, making it an exemplary component for DSCs. The photovoltaic performance test revealed that TiCl4 pre-treatment increased power conversion efficiency by 36.3 %, rising from 7.63 % of untreated cells to a striking value of 10.4 %, which is a new record when N719 is used as a sensitizer and iodide-based redox shuttle employed as an electrolyte. This research provides an effective strategy for developing highly efficient photoanode material for DSCs.

Humidity Diode Sensors Based on 1D Nanosized Silicon Structures

Introduction. Humidity measurement is essential in microelectronics, aerospace, biomedical, and food industries, as well as in households for climate control. Currently, various types of devices have been used as humidity sensors: capacitive, resistive, diode, gravimetric, optical structures, field-effect transistors and devices based on surface acoustic waves.Problem Statement. Today, there is a need to develop IC-compatible humidity sensors that have high sensitivityand low cost. To this end, silicon nanowires have been successfully used in resistive and capacitive humidity sensors. However, there is a lack of research on the nanowire effect on device parameters of diode-type humidity sensors.Purpose. To develop diode sensors based on silicon nanowires and to determine the effect of process parameters of synthesis and structural features of nanowires on the performance of humidity sensors.Materials and Methods. The process of sensor fabrication includes several steps: chemical cleaning of silicon wafer, synthesis of silicon nanowires using standard or modified metal-assisted chemical etching, phosphorus diffusion to create a p-n junction, front and back metallization. The surface morphology of the nanostructures has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The humidity-sensitive characteristics have been studied with theuse of salt hygrostats.Results. It has been shown that the addition of one-dimensional silicon nanostructures to the diode-type sensor signifi cantly improves its characteristics. The rectification ratio increases from 161 to 1807, the response ups from 4.5 to 25, the sensitivity grows from 1.6 to 4.02 (%RH)–1, while the response time and recovery time are reduced from 85/90 to 25/30 s, the hysteresis value goes down from 75 to 16%, the signal deviation after cycling drops from 15to 3%, and the signal fluctuation during continuous device operation decreases from 17 to 15%.Conclusions. The results have shown that the use of a simple and cheap nanowire synthesis technology is effective to produce humidity sensors.

One-dimensional Te nanostructures as fast anode materials of potassium ion batteries

One-dimensional Te nanostructures as fast anode materials of potassium ion batteries

Phase-controllable synthesis of nickel selenide nanostructures decorated on carbon nanotubes as efficient binder-free cathodes for hybrid supercapacitors

In this work, we employed a facile pulse-reversal (PR) electrodeposition route to successfully synthesize nickel selenide nanostructures directly decorated on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by adjusting different pulse-reversal potentials. The study systematically investigated the effects of PR potential on the morphology and composition of nickel selenides on CNTs. The experimental results suggested that regulating the PR potential could effectively manage the formation of nickel selenide nanostructures on the backbones of CNTs. By decreasing the PR potential from 0.2 to −0.2 V, the composition of nickel selenide nanostructures changed from NiSe2 to Ni0.85Se. The CNTs@NiSe2 electrode outperformed the others with a specific capacity of 125.4 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 and an impressive capacity retention of 81.2 % at 16 A g−1. The assembled hybrid supercapacitor using CNTs@NiSe2 as the cathode achieved exceptional performance with a high specific capacity of 42 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and a maximum energy density of 33.6 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1. This work presents an efficient approach that can be widely employed to fabricate one-dimensional carbon material-supported transition metal selenide nanostructures for practical applications in the next generation of energy storage and conversion.

Strong Interaction between Titanium Carbonitride Embedded in Mesoporous Carbon Nanofibers and Pt Enables Durable Oxygen Reduction.

Platinum (Pt) supported on high surface area carbon has been the most widely used electrocatalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, conventional carbon supports are susceptible to corrosion at high potentials, leading to severe degradation of electrochemical performance. In this work, titanium carbonitride embedded in mesoporous carbon nanofibers (m-TiCN NFs) are reported as a promising alternative to address this issue. Benefiting from the interpenetrating conductive pathways inside the one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures and the embedded TiCN nanoparticles (NPs), m-TiCN NFs exhibit excellent stability at high potentials and interact strongly with Pt NPs. Subsequently, m-TiCN NFs-supported Pt NPs deliver remarkably enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability, with negligible activity decay and less than 5% loss of electrochemical surface area（ECSA） after 50000 cycles. Moreover, the fuel cell assembled by this catalyst delivers a maximum power density of 1.22W cm-2 and merely 3% loss after 30000 cycles of accelerated durability tests under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) protocols. The improved ORR activity and durability are attributed to the superior corrosion resistance of the m-TiCN NF support and the strong interaction between Pt and m-TiCN NFs.

Facile fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotubes@cerium oxide composite sensing platform for ultrasensitive electrochemical analysis of methyl parathion

We proposed a simple and feasible strategy to fabricate the nano-structured cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes networks (SWCNT@CeO2), which was utilized to fabricate the SWCNT@CeO2/GCE sensor for detecting methyl parathion (MP) with high sensitivity. SWCNT possessed the unique one-dimensional hollow nanostructure with excellent conductivity performance, which boosted the charge diffusion rate. CeO2 with good biocompatibility and high catalytic capacity could achieve the adsorption of MP molecules on the surface of sensing electrode due to the affinity of CeO2 nanoparticles towards the phosphate groups of MP. Furthermore, SWCNT could effectively make up for the inherent disadvantage of CeO2 nanoparticles in the term of electrical conductivity. The fabricated SWCNT@CeO2/GCE sensor achieved the ultrasensitive MP electrochemical analysis property (LOD: 9.12 nM). The satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, anti-interference abilities were obtained at the fabricated sensor. Regarding the electrochemical detection of MP in real food samples, both satisfactory recovery rates of 87.68–107.31% and low RSD of 1.09–2.65% suggested the favorable application prospect of SWCNT@CeO2/GCE sensor in the field of pesticide residue analysis.

A high-temperature solar selective absorber based on one-dimensional multilayer nanostructures

Selective absorbers play a crucial role in harvesting solar energy and realizing effective solar-thermal energy conversion in concentrated solar power systems and thermophotovoltaic systems. This study focuses on obtaining a high-temperature solar selective absorber which can well balance its thermal performance as well as structural complexity. Based on this, a selective absorber with simple one-dimensional multilayer nanostructures is designed to adapt to the high-temperature operation environments. The obtained absorber exhibits a total solar absorptance of 0.9504 to the AM1.5 solar radiation. Taking into account the infrared radiation loss, the solar-thermal efficiency of the absorber is found to be 91.2% under 1000 suns at 1273 K, and the total emittance is 0.1504 at the corresponding temperature. The absorber shows high insensitivity to both incident polarization angles and wide-angle incidence. Analysis of impedance and electromagnetic field distribution indicates that the selective absorption performance of the absorber is attributed to its impedance matching properties, resulting from the coupling effect of surface plasmon polaritons and magnetic polaritons.

Investigation into thermoelectric performance of a flexible n-type nanocomposite film from the AgxSe nanotube composited with PPy

Silver selenide (Ag2Se) has turn up as a promising n-type thermoelectric (TE) material. Especially, the Ag2Se nanotubes may be more attractive in view of their one-dimensional hollow tubular nanostructure. Regrettably, the TE application of Ag2Se nanotubes has not yet been reported so far, probably due to their hard accessibility and poor processability. In this work, we developed a simple and efficient template-free electrochemical deposition method for preparing AgxSe nanotubes, and thus investigated the TE application of the AgxSe-nanotube films electrochemically composited with polypyrrole (PPy). It was found that the incorporation of PPy into the n-type AgxSe-nanotube films not only settled the issues of their high brittleness and easy oxidation, but also significantly improved their TE performance through the synergistic effects. Consequently, the AgxSe nanotube/PPy composite film achieved a maximum power factor of 282.8 ± 16.5 μW m−1 K−2, which is nearly twice that of the pure AgxSe-nanotube film.

One-dimensional Ga2O3-Al2O3 nanofibers with unsaturated coordination Ga: Catalytic dehydrogenation of propane under CO2 atmosphere with excellent stability

The pressing demand for propylene has spurred intensive research on the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane to produce propylene. Gallium-based catalysts are regarded as highly promising due to their exceptional dehydrogenation activity in the presence of CO2. However, the inherent coking issue associated with high temperature reactions poses a constraint on the stability development of this process. In this study, we employed the electrospinning method to prepare a range of Ga2O3-Al2O3 mixed oxide one-dimensional nanofiber catalysts with varying molar ratios for CO2 oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (CO2-OPDH). The propane conversion was up to 48.4 % and the propylene selectivity was high as 96.8 % at 500 °C, the ratio of propane to carbon dioxide is 1:2. After 100 h of reaction, the catalyst still maintains approximately 10 % conversion and exhibits a propylene selectivity of around 98 %. The electrospinning method produces one-dimensional nanostructures with a larger specific surface area, unique multi-stage pore structure and low-coordinated Ga3+, which enhances mass transfer and accelerates reaction intermediates. This results in less coking and improved catalyst stability. The high activity of the catalyst is attributed to an abundance of low-coordinated Ga3+ ions associated with weak/medium-strong Lewis acid centers. In situ infrared analysis reveals that the reaction mechanism involves a two-step dehydrogenation via propane isocleavage, with the second dehydrogenation of Ga-OR at the metal–oxygen bond being the decisive speed step.

Flexible and crosslinking electrospun porous carbon nanofiber membranes as freestanding binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Electrospinning carbon nanofibers with one-dimensional nanostructures have enormous potential for electronic applications owing to their flexibility, electrical conductivity, high surface area and attractive structure. In this paper, porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber membranes with chemical crosslinking structure (PNCNMs-CC) were prepared for lithium-ion batteries anodes by crosslinking treatment and carbonization process using polyimide as precursor, melamine as nitrogen source and ethyl orthosilicate as pore-forming agent. The heightened nitrogen content synergizes with the augmented specific surface area, engendering a striking electrochemical enhancement. Rich pore structure provides more active sites. When utilized as a binder-free, current collector-free anode, PNCNMs-CC shows an excellent rate performance and long cycle stability. The first discharge specific capacity of PNCNMs-CC delivered 710 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. After 1000 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g−1, PNCNMs-CC shows 88 % capacity retention, demonstrating a promising candidate as the flexible anodes for high-performance energy storage devices.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing platform based on Zr-based MOF embellished single-wall carbon nanotube networks for trace analysis of methyl parathion

In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor was designed based on Zr-based metal–organic framework (UIO-66) nanoparticles embellished single-wall carbon nanotube networks (SCN) for the detection of methyl parathion (MP). The synergistic combination of SCN and UIO-66 nanoparticles could fully exert each advantage to boost the MP electrochemical sensing analysis performance. SCN with one-dimensional hollow nanostructures formed three-dimensional interconnected carbon conductive networks, which possessed excellent conductive properties and acceptable specific surface area, enabling efficient transport of electrons and ions. UIO-66 nanoparticles with Zr-OH groups contributes and porous structure to the good affinity for phosphate groups on MP molecules, which enhanced the selective recognition and enrichment capability of sensing electrode towards MP. Under the multifunctional integration of SCN and UIO-66 nanoparticles, the SCN@UIO-66/GCE sensor could present satisfactory MP electrochemical detection performance (LOD: 8.05 nM, linear MP concentration range: 0.01–10 μM). The satisfactory practical property was realized at the SCN@UIO-66/GCE sensor with satisfactory recovery rates of 98.28–101.95 % and low RSD of 1.23–3.01 % for the electrochemical detection of MP in orange juice and lettuce samples.

One-dimensional diamond nanostructures: Fabrication, properties and applications

Diamonds exhibit a unique combination of numerous excellent physical and chemical properties, such as the highest hardness, high Young's modulus, wide bandgap, high carrier mobility, negative electron affinity, and high thermal conductivity. Especially, diamond has attracted significant attention in recent years for its outstanding performance in high-frequency and high-power electronic devices and thermal management. Inheriting the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of diamonds, one-dimensional (1D) diamond nanostructures exhibit many additional properties that are unavailable for bulk diamond or thin films, e.g., large specific surface area, ultrahigh elasticity, and some plasticity, tip effect as well as direct transport for photon or photo-induced carriers. These properties make 1D diamond nanostructures an ideal candidate for applications ranging from micro/nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) to field electron emission, optical, electrochemical, and biological areas. This review will first introduce the development of controlled synthesis methods of 1D diamond nanostructure, including bottom-up chemical vapor deposition growth and top-down selective etching of bulk diamond. Subsequently, we will summarize recent advances in the mechanical, electron field emission, optical, and biological properties of 1D diamond nanostructures and their applications in electron and photon emitter, MEMS, sensing, intracellular delivery, etc.

Shuttling Active Elements in and out of Ultrathin Nanowires: Toward Rational Design of Multicomponent Catalysts.

One-dimensional nanostructures, with a high ratio of surface-bulk atoms, find applications as active catalysts. Here, we report tunability in ultrathin single-crystalline AuPdPt nanowires by modifying synthesis conditions and postsynthetic treatment in a controlled ambient atmosphere. The surface microstructure modification of these nanostructures has been analyzed by integrating the results of three crucial techniques including Z-contrast HAADF-STEM imaging, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemically active surface area from cyclic voltammograms.