Okra Varieties Research Articles

APPRAISEMENT OF SALINITY STRESS ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF OKRA (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.)

Salt stress is one of the most common abiotic factors which has a trouble impression on the seed germination and establishment of crops. A laboratory based incubation experiment was executed at the department of Agriculture, Noakhali Science and Technology University during the period from January to February 2019 to investigate the salt stress effects on germination and seedling development of okra. The experiment comprises on okra variety named ‘Green Finger F1’.There were eight treatments viz. T0 (0 mM NaCl), T1 (20 mM NaCl), T2 (50 mM NaCl), T3 (100 mM NaCl), T4 (150 mM NaCl), T5 (200 mM NaCl), T6 (250 mM NaCl) and T7 (300 mM NaCl) and the experiment was designed at Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Different parameters like germination percentage, speed of germination, seedling height, shoot elongation rate, shoot fresh and dry weight, root length, root fresh and dry weight and finally vigor index were compared among the all treatments. From the findings of this research trial, it can be extracted that the treatments T0 to T2 okra performed well as compare to the other treatments. So this study clearly indicated that the okra could be a promising crop for coastal areas and lead to improvements in agricultural production where mild saline condition present. However, it will not grow well under a high saline condition.

EVALUATION OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS AND INSECTICIDES AGAINST OKRA YELLOW VEIN MOSAIC VIRUS AND ITS VECTOR

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is susceptible to number of diseases like Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus disease, Damping Off, Fusarium wilt, Powdery Mildew and Enation Leaf Curl. The Okra is favorite host of whitefly which transmits the okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (OYVMV). OYVMV disease causes considerable yield losses in Okra. Experiment was conducted to check the efficacy of organic matter (poultry manure, leaves) and insecticides (Acetamiprid, Diafenthiuron, Pyridine Carboxamide) against OYVMV and its whitefly vector. In this experiment, ten okra varieties were sown in randomized complete block design (RCBD). Organic matter and insecticides were applied at recommended doses (@5ml/L) on weekly intervals. Among insecticides, Acetamiprid showed the best result to manage whitefly infestation with 60.01% mortality and OYVMV disease severity with 53.98% efficiency. Polo (Diafenthiuron) also showed good results to manage whitefly (56.36%) and OYVMVD (46.34%), but Ulala (Pyridine Carboxamide) insecticide was least effective to control whitefly population (47.27%) and to manage the infection of OYVMV disease (43.91%). Leaf manure was more effective with 61.16% efficiency as compared to poultry manure (56.01%) against OYVMV disease severity. New chemistry insecticide (acetamiprid) gave the most effective control of whitefly and transmission of OYVMV and could be used in place of conventional insecticides. Leaf manure proved significant defense activator in okra plants with effective control of disease and could be used as eco-friendly management approach.

Resistenzbewertung verschiedener Okra-Sorten (Abelmoschus esculentus) gegen die Weiße Fliege (Bemisia tabaci)

Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a substantial pest of Okra crop, Abelmoschus esculentus, that caused substantial losses through sucking cell sap. On the basis of susceptibility, a field experiment was carried out to assess the different genotypes of A. esculentus during growing season (July–August) against B. tabaci. Plant genotype resistance and vigor were also evaluated in this study. Meanwhile, morphological parameters were also recorded as well as whitefly-infested and healthy leaves were collected for biochemical analysis. The obtained results revealed that the Okra varieties A. esculentus OK-1304 and Pen Beauty were less infested (mean populations 4.10, 4.97 adults/leaf, respectively) while OK-1307 was highly susceptible to B. tabaci (10.22 adults/leaf). Meanwhile, comparative analysis revealed that B. tabaci population was negatively correlated to relative humidity and positively correlated with low and high temperature. The low concentrations (0.5%) of salicylic acid and citric acid effectively reduced the infestation to 4.63 adults/leaf and 4.87 adult/leaf, respectively, as compared to control (10.17 adult/leaf). The biochemical analysis represented that the catalase concentration decreased in infested leaves and the concentrations of peroxidase, phenolics and superoxide dismutase that act as resistant compound against insect feeding increased.

GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA VARIETIES AS AFFECTED BY RATES OF ORGANO-BASED FOLIAR FERTILIZERS IN RAINFOREST AND RAINFOREST/SAVANNA TRANSITION AGRO-ECOLOGY OF NIGERIA

A field experiments were conducted at the Directorate of University Farms, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) and National Horticulture Research Institute (NIHORT), Ibadan between May and August 2015 to assess the effect of different f organo-based fertilizer (fertilizer applied on the leaves) and their rate on growth and yield of two Okra Varieties: LD88 (Late Maturity), and NHAe–47 (Early Maturity). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial combinations laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in a split-split-plot arrangement, with three replicates at both locations. Factors were okra varieties (LD88 and NHAe–47), the fertilizer types (D.I grow green ® and D.I grow red®) and four rate of foliar applications (0, 300, 600 and 900 ml/ha) while NPK 15:15:15 served as check were applied at 4,6, and 8 Weeks After Sowing (WAS). Agronomic data were obtained from growth and yield variables. Results showed that varieties had significant (P≤ 0.05) effect on growth and yield variables. Variety of LD88 had higher plant height and more leaves than NHAe-47 at both locations. Foliar fertilizer had significant (P≤ 0.05) effect on growth and yield variables. The D.I Grow Green® produced significantly numbers of leaves (11, 9). Application rate of 300 ml/ha and 600 ml/ha D.I.Grow Green® gave a better performance. The LD88 variety produced significantly (P< 0.05) longer pod length (4.68 cm), fresh fruit weight (4.84 t/ha) and dry fruit weight (0.31 t/ha) than NHAe-47. Application rate of 600 mls/ha D.I.Grow Red® produced significantly fresh fruit weight (5.79 t/ha) compared to control (1.32 t/ha). In conclusion, okra variety LD88 had superior growth and yield performance. Application of D.I.Grow Red® at the rate of 300 ml/ha at Funaab and 600ml/ha at Nihort enhance fruit yield performance on okra. Therefore, 300ml/ha and 600ml/ha could be recommended to farmers in Rainforest/Savanna transition (Abeokuta) and Rainforest agro-ecology (Ibadan), respectively
 
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EFFECT OF ORGANO- BASED FOLIAR FERTILIZER ON CHLOROPHYLL AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF OKRA VARIETIES IN DERIVED SAVANAH OF NIGERIA

Cultivation of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) which is a commonly grown vegetable crop in the tropics is constrained by depleting soil fertility. Use of foliar fertilizer as a supplement has been successfully reported in the temperate region hence there is need to determine the effect of foliar liquid fertilizer on okra growth and nutritional quality. Field experiments were conducted at the Abeokuta (Federal University of Agriculture [FUNAAB] ) and Ibadan (National Horticulture Research Institute [NIHORT] ), between May and August 2015 to evaluate the response of two okra varieties to types and rates of organic-based foliar fertilizer application. Experiment was a 2 × 2 × 5 factorial combinations laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates at both locations. Factors were okra variety (LD88 and NHae47-4), the fertilizer types (D.I. Grow Green ® and D.I.Grow Red®) and four rate of foliar applications (0 [control], 300, 600 and 900 ml/ha) while NPK 15:15:15 served as check. The results showed that the D.I.Grow Red® at 300ml/ha produced the higher Ash (8.23%), fat (2.54%,), moisture (14.65%), and carbohydrate (47.31%) at Abeokuta while 600 ml/ha produced significantly the higher ash, crude fibre, moisture and carbohydrate (9.37%, 15.94%, 9.13%, and 52.02%), respectively in Ibadan. The study concluded that okra variety LD88 had superior growth performance. Application of D.I.Grow Red® at the rate of 300 ml/ha at Abeokuta and 600 ml/ha at Ibadan enhance fruit nutritional quality of okra. Therefore, 300 and 600 ml/ha is recommended to farmers in Abeokuta and Ibadan, respectively.
 

RESPONSE OF OKRA [ABELMOSCHUS ESCULENTUS (L.) MOENCH] TO NITROGEN DOSE AND SPACING ON GROWTH AND YIELD UNDER MULCH CONDITION, IN CHITWAN, NEPAL

Commercial farmers in Chitwan are unaware of optimum spacing and fertilizer dose which limits the performance and yield of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]. An experiment was conducted to assess the response of okra to different levels of nitrogen 60, 90 and 120kg.ha-1 and 30×30, 45×30 and 60×30cm2 spacing under plastic mulched condition in Bharatpur-16, Chitwan from March to May 2018, using Ramdomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. A hybrid variety of okra (Venus plus) mostly employed by farmers in Chitwan was used. Data were collected from ten randomly selected plants from the central rows in each plot and growth parameters were analyzed of various yield related parameters taken. The tallest plants were for 120kg.ha-1N and for the 30×30cm2 spacing. Pods from the interaction of 90kg.ha-1N for spaced at 45×30cm2 had the widest, the heaviest and the longest. Pods per plant were greatest for plants receiving 120kg.ha-1N spaced at 60×30cm2. Yield was best and cost:benefit (BC) ratio was most favorable for 90kg.Nha-1 treatment and for plants spaced at 45×30cm2. Overall data indicates that the nitrogen dose of 90kg.ha-1N with a spacing of 45× 30cm2 showed the most effective result statistically and economically.

Development of Interspecific Hybrids (Abelmoschus Esculentus × A. Tetraphyllus) in Okra Using Embryo Rescue Approach

ABSTRACT: Undomesticated related species are the rich stock of genes providing resistance to various diseases, pests and unfavourable environmental conditions. The sexual incompatibilities are bottleneck in introgression of such genes from wild species to popular varieties. The present study was executed to standardize a protocol of embryo rescue so to obtain the hybrids of Abelmoschus esculentus × A. tetraphyllus IC141017. Crosses were made between four (Arka Anamika, Pusa Makhmali, Parbhani Kranti, Jammu Okra-05) cultivated varieties of okra (A. esculentus) and a wild species (A. tetraphyllus IC141017) in reciprocal manner. Out of the four popular cultivars used in crossing, fruit set was recorded in Arka Anamika, Pusa Makhmali, Parbhani Kranti only when A. tetraphyallus IC141017 was used as a male parent. Fruit showed distal cracking after 25 d of pollination. The seeds appeared healthy for up to 15 d after pollination and later shrivelled and became pale yellow. Cross combinations, viz., Parbhani Kranti × A. tetraphyllus IC141017, Arka Anamika × A. tetraphyllus IC141017 and Pusa Makhmali × A. tetraphyllus IC 141017 showed the highest shoot regeneration on MS media containing 0.5 mg l-1 NAA + 1.0 mg l-1 IBA. Greatest number of shoots per explant (0.92±0.12) as well as the highest frequency of shoot regeneration (86±0.12%) was reported in Parbhani Kranti × A. tetraphyllus IC141017. Arka Anamika × A. tetraphyllus IC 141017 (86±0.12%) and Pusa Makhmali × A. tetraphyllus IC 141017 (82±0.13%) resulted in high frequency of shoot regeneration on MS media containing 0.5 mg l-1 NAA + 1.0 mg l-1 IBA. It can be inferred that MS media containing on 0.5 mg l-1 NAA + 1.0 mg l-1 IBA showed positive results in regeneration of interspecific hybrids of okra.

EFFECT OF BIOCHAR AND VERMICOMPOST AS AN ORGANIC SOIL AMENDMENT IN SWEET ORANGE

An experiment was conducted at Biratnagar, Nepal in completely randomized block design to study the effect of effective microorganisms (EM) and indeginous microorganisms (IMO) along with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) on the growth and yield parameters of okra (variety: Arka Anamika). The 6 treatments viz. control, EM enriched manure, IMO enriched manure, RDF, RDF+EM, RDF+IMO and control were replicated thrice. The study showed that indeginous microorganisms when incorporated with recommended dose of NPK fertilizer (RDF+IMO) can produce best result in terms of yield and economic return. Rigorous study in multi location and more crops is suggested to develop an integrated nutrient management plan and household waste management.

Evaluation of Crosses between Local Red Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) and Introduced Varieties

Okra is a functional vegetable with good nutritional content and medicinal benefits. The red okra cultivar has a lot of fruit in a single plant but have a short harvest period, thus the weight and size of the fruit are small. One of the techniques in the improvement of okra cultivar is performed by hybridization with the introduced okra varieties that have a longer harvest period. The objective of the research is to evaluate the crosses between red okra with the introduced okra varieties and to obtain plants from the crosses that have a longer fruit harvest period character. The research was conducted at the Research Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University from Mei to October 2019. The materials used are the local red okra genotype, Ve-022, and B-291 introduced varieties as well as two of the crosses population of SOMB291 and SOMVe022. The whole plant is a red okra cultivar and the crosses are planted in a plot with a spacing of 40 x 50 cm. The performance of the crosses was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results showed that the plant obtained with a longer harvest period of 8 days after anthesis as much as 19 and 12%, respectively in the population of SOMB291 and SOMVe022. The increase in crop life in plants from the somb291 and somve022 populations resulted in a plant that has a greater length, diameter, and weight than the red okra population. The increase in the harvest period results in a greater length, diameter, and weight of fruit.

Antihyperlidemic Efficiency of Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra) Fruits Varieties on Rats Fed High-Fat Diet

Background: Okra fruits have been found to be efficient in managing hyperlipidemia. But, there are different varieties of Okra, and whether antihyperlipidemic efficiency varies with the varieties has not been reported.
 Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to validate antihyperlipidemic efficiencies of some Okra fruits varieties on rats fed high-fat diet.
 Methods: The five varieties of okra fruit was each sliced, air dried and pulverized into powder then extracted with methanol (80%) using Soxhlet extractor and concentrated at 30∘C in a rotary evaporator then finally air dried. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemicals, and proximate analysis were conducted on the extracts. Hyperlipidemia was induce by feeding rats with high-fat diet for 35 days, followed by treating with two selected Okra fruit varieties (NHB-AI-B and Yar kolon) which has the highest extract yield and phytochemicals for 21 days. Nine groups of five rats was used: groups 1-3 (hyperlipidemic rats received NHB-AI-B Okra fruit extract at different doses), group 4-6 (hyperlipidemic rats received Yar kolon Okra fruit extract at different doses), group 7 (positive control rats treated with 10mg/kg Atorvastatin), group 8 (normal control rats fed basal diet) and group 9 (negative control). Serum lipid profile were determined from each rat.
 Results: The study confirmed the presence of some important phytochemicals like saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, fibre etc but differs in concentrations among the varieties where Yar kolon variety emerge highest in almost all the chemical compounds. Rat fed high-fat diet for 35 days developed hyperlipidemia as evident by the elevated triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL-C, body weight and supressed HDL-C. When treated with extracts of NHB-AI-B and Yar kolon Okra fruits varieties, the altered lipid profile were significantly reversed toward normalcy with Yar kolon variety exerting the most efficient activity.
 Conclusion: The study showed the five Okra fruit varieties possess same chemical compounds but differs in concentrations among varieties. The extracts of Okra fruits varieties exert significant antihyperlipidemic effect but in varied degrees suggesting variations in their efficiency. This, therefore calls for further study to compare more Okra varieties to determine which one is the most potent and its active agent.

Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on Growth and Yield of Two Okra Varieties Cultivated in Ghana

The interaction of the fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV), and the nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, on wilt disease on “Essoumtem” and Clemson spineless okra varieties, was examined in pot and field experiments from September 2016 to June 2017, in the University of Ghana farms. Four-week-old “Essoumtem” and Clemson spineless seedlings for pot experiment and one-week-old “Essoumtem” and Clemson spineless seedlings for field experiment were inoculated with fungus, Fusarium oxysporum, and nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The individual, simultaneous, and sequential inoculation of second stage juveniles (at 1000 J2/kg soil) of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum (1.1 × 106 cells/kg soil) resulted in significant reduced plant growth parameters (plant height, plant girth, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry shoot weights, and fresh and dry root weights). Maximum suppression in plant growth parameters was observed in plants that received NF21 (Fusarium oxysporum inoculated 21 days after Meloidogyne incognita on okra) and F21 (fungus inoculated 21 days after seedling emergence) treatments for pot and field experiments, respectively. The least suppression of plant growth parameters was observed in separate inoculations of the two pathogens for both pot and field experiments. Maximum suppression in yield parameters was observed in okra plants that received NF21 and F21 treatments for pot and field experiments, respectively. Minimal yield suppression was observed for individual inoculations (N and F treatments) in both pot and field experiments. The highest severity of wilt disease was observed on okra plants that received NF21 and F21 treatment in both pot and field experiments. Plants in control plots had higher yields and the least wilt incidences (0.0%).

Yield and Precocity Features of Okra Varieties in Piranhas–Alagoas State/Brazil

The aim of the current research is to assess the yield and precocity features of five okra varieties (Quiabel, IAC Midori, TPX-49, Valença and Santa Cruz) in Piranhas – Alagoas state/Brazil. The experiment was conducted in Alagoas Federal Institute, from February to May 2019. The experiment followed a randomized block design with four repetitions per treatment; 20 experimental plots, in total. The following variables were assessed after harvesting: fruit length; fruit yield until the 3rd harvest; yield until the 6th harvest; yield until the 9th harvest; yield until the 12th harvest; yield until the 15th harvest and yield until the 18th harvest. Commercial hybrid Quiabel and experimental hybrid TPX-49 had the best yield performance in all harvests: 8,282.98 kg.ha-1 and 6,882.78 kg.ha-1, respectively. Hybrid Quiabel was the most precocious variety in the initial harvests, followed by experimental hybrid TPX-49 and by free pollination Valença varieties. Variety Free pollination Santa Cruz was the least precocious, even though it was the most cultivated variety in the region.

Microirrigation Equipment for Okra Cultivation in the U.S. Virgin Islands

Drip irrigation presents higher distribution efficiency than sprinkler irrigation. Proper system design and the use of pressure-compensating emitters have important roles in irrigation uniformity and efficiency, which directly affect plant growth. This study evaluated the performance of four pressure-compensating and noncompensating emitters and the effects of these irrigation equipment on the yield of three okra [Abelmoschus esculentus] varieties cultivated in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Trials were performed in two seasons (Spring and Fall 2016), and tested four types of irrigation equipment (flow control drip tape, thin wall drip line, thin wall drip tape, and heavy wall drip line) and three varieties of okra (‘Clemson Spineless 80’, ‘Clemson Spineless’, and ‘Chant’), arranged on a complete randomized block design with three replications. Irrigation was performed based on reference evapotranspiration and measured daily using an automated weather station. Soil moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), and soil temperature were monitored using capacitance sensors. The ability of the irrigation equipment to increase pressure was evaluated in the laboratory, in experimental modules using clean water, and while simulating three different slopes (leveled, uphill, and downhill). In the field trial, yield and leaf physiological parameters were influenced by season (P < 0.05) and the percentage of the marketable yield was influenced by variety (P < 0.05); however, fruit morphological parameters and soluble solids content were variety-dependent (P < 0.01). The pressure-compensating emitters maintained water flow within the range indicated by the manufacturers when used within the recommended pressure range. Distribution uniformity decreased over time for all equipment except the heavy wall drip line in Fall 2016. Irrigation equipment did not impact okra morphological attributes and yield, indicating that the same productivity can be successfully maintained while improving irrigation efficiency. Equipment should be selected based on price and irrigation efficiency to reduce the amount of water used.

Assessment of Chemical Composition and Nutritional Value of Some Varieties of Okra Available in the Market of Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire)

Six okra varieties (F1 Yodana, Kirikou, Volta, Yeleen, Kousko and Local) sold and consumed in Daloa (Côte d’Ivoire) were evaluated with regards to the nutritional, antioxidant and mineral contents. The result of the study revealed that the proximate composition in dry weight basis was significantly (P < 0.05) varied and ranged: dry matter 87.83-92.33%, crude protein 13.65-22.63%, crude fat 2.78-3.94%, crude fiber 21.08-26.70%, crude ash 7.16-10.59%, carbohydrate 39.28-54.25%, and energy value 274.78-297.97 kcal/100 g. Volta had the highest content in both protein and fat. Yeleen had the highest ash content, Local had the highest fiber content, while Kirikou presented the highest content in both carbohydrate and energy values. The phenolic content ranges from 111.42 to 156.00 mg/100 g while the vitamin C ranges from 25.30 to 49.60 mg/100 g in dry weight basis. Volta had the highest content in both phenolic and vitamin C. The mineral contents (mg/100 g) in dry weight basis were also significantly (P < 0.05) varied. Potassium was the most abundant macro-element (1642.71-2519.84) followed by calcium (460.80-767.72), magnesium (345.46-432.70) and Iron (0.42-3.18) in all the varieties. Interrelationships between the parameters analysed and the different okra varieties were investigated by principal component analysis (PCA). PCA revealed differences between the okra varieties and classified them into three groups on the basis of the measured parameters: Group 1 (F1 Yodana, Volta and Local), Group 2 (Kirikou and Kousko) and Group 3 (Yeleen). This study provided important information about the nutritional composition of okra from Daloa, which can help to increase production and consumption of these nutrient-rich vegetables and will help reduce the nutrition-related disorders in Africa.

Evaluation of the field performance and genetic diversity of 23 varieties of okra from Bangladesh using RAPD markers

Abstract not available
 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 27(1): 195-199, 2020 (June)

Evaluation of genetic variability between yellow vein mosaic disease resistant gamma-irradiated okra mutant and parent

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) is a member of the Malvaceae family. It has been cultivated as one of the most important fruit vegetables in various tropical countries. In okra, the Yellow Vein Mosaic Disease (YVMD) is caused by more than ten different viruses and the widespread incidence of disease transmitted by the vector Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) has highly affected the successful cultivation and production of the crop. Mutation breeding using radiations is one of the promising methods to get disease resistant elite cultivars of various crops. In this study, attempts were made to evaluate the genetic variability of gamma-ray irradiated mutant of okra. Four ISSR primers generated 26 amplified fragments. Of the 26 fragments, the lowest number of fragments (5) was produced by the primer ISSR12. Between the parent (P) and mutant (M4; mutant from fourth-generation) varieties of okra, primer ISSR07, primer ISSR16 and primer ISSR21 produced two monomorphic bands and three polymorphic bands (60% polymorphism) whereas primer ISSR12 produced one monomorphic band and three polymorphic bands (75% polymorphism). The mean percentage of polymorphism generated by four primers was 63.75%. Although the level of polymorphism exhibited by different primers varied from intermediate (60%) to high (75%), all primers could distinguish parent and gamma-irradiated mutant varieties of okra.

Effect of chemical mutagens on growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of mutagens i.e. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and Sodium azide (SA) on the morphological growth of Okra. Seeds of two Okra varieties Subzpari and Pahuja were first pre-soaked in distilled water and then treated with 0.0 (Control), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% Sodium azide (SA) and Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) separately. The results showed that the germination rate was significantly decreased with increased lethality (%) and mutation frequency (%) in M1 of both varieties with increasing concentrations of EMS and SA against control. The results showed that different concentrations of EMS and SA affected morphological attributes of both okra varieties as the increase of mutagen concentration showed variable results in M1 generation compared with control, but M2 generation showed useful improvement in various traits. Such as the M2 generation of Subs pari from 0.1% SA treatment showed a decrease in flowering time while an increase in the number of fruits per plant, fruit size, seeds yield (g) per plant and 100 seeds weight. Keywords: Ethyl methane sulfonate; Growth; Induced mutagenesis; Okra; Sodium azide http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90116

Effects of Boerhavia diffusa L. nom. cons. and Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob. extracts on some field insect pests of okra (Aabelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

A field study was carried out to assess the efficacy of some botanicals in the control of field insect pests in two varieties of okra. Dry leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) and fresh and dry root extracts of Boerhavia diffusa served as treatments which were compared with Lambda-cyhalothrin and a control. The experiment was fitted into a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data collected were subjected to Spearman’s correlation analysis and a two-way analysis of variance and significant different means were separated using Fishers Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5 % level of probability. The results revealed that treated plants generally performed better than the untreated plants as they were taller, had more leaves, branches, wider stem girths and gave higher fruit yield. Fresh root extract of B. diffusa performed better in most parameters measured. A significant positive correlation was observed between insect pest populations, and between growth and yield parameters, while there was a significant negative correlation between overall yield and insect pest population. NHAe 47-4 okra variety performed better than F1-Lucky variety. Fresh root extract of B. diffusa is recommended for management of B. tabaci (Genadius, 1889) and Amrasca biguttula Ishida, 1912 in okra.

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