Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of mutagens i.e. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and Sodium azide (SA) on the morphological growth of Okra. Seeds of two Okra varieties Subzpari and Pahuja were first pre-soaked in distilled water and then treated with 0.0 (Control), 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% Sodium azide (SA) and Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) separately. The results showed that the germination rate was significantly decreased with increased lethality (%) and mutation frequency (%) in M1 of both varieties with increasing concentrations of EMS and SA against control. The results showed that different concentrations of EMS and SA affected morphological attributes of both okra varieties as the increase of mutagen concentration showed variable results in M1 generation compared with control, but M2 generation showed useful improvement in various traits. Such as the M2 generation of Subs pari from 0.1% SA treatment showed a decrease in flowering time while an increase in the number of fruits per plant, fruit size, seeds yield (g) per plant and 100 seeds weight. Keywords: Ethyl methane sulfonate; Growth; Induced mutagenesis; Okra; Sodium azide http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2020.90116
Highlights
EsculentusL.) is probably an amphidiploidOkra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)(allotetraploid) derived from AbelmoschusMoench, 2n = 2x=130] is one of the tuberculatus with 2n = 58 and Abelmoschus important vegetables belongs to Malvaceae ficulneus (L.) Wight and Arn. ex Wight family and known by many names in with 2n = 72 chromosomes
The lowest germination response was noted in M1 plants of Subs pri when seeds were treated with 0.3% of Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and Sodium azide (SA) as 45% and 40% respectively compared to control which showed 90% germination (Table 1)
The results revealed that there is a linear association between increased doses of mutagens (SA and EMS) and reduced germination of seeds
Summary
The germination of seeds was found to be the highest in control plants as compared to other treated plants during M1 and M2 generations which showed that mutagenic treatments inhibited the germination in both varieties. The lowest germination response was noted in M1 plants of Subs pri when seeds were treated with 0.3% of EMS and SA as 45% and 40% respectively compared to control which showed 90% germination (Table 1). The results revealed that there is a linear association between increased doses of mutagens (SA and EMS) and reduced germination of seeds This was reported in black gram [20], wheat [21] and Okra [22]. 0.3% SA treated M1 and M2 plants of Puhja showed a significant decrease in shoot length as 10.5±2.12 and 10.76±2.5cm respectively compared to control (15.0±1.5cm) as shown in table 2
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